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A GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT 

OF THE 

HUNDRED OF LONSDALE, 

NOETH AND SOUTH OF THE SANDS, 

IN THE COUNTY OF LANCASTER. 



BY THE LATE 



ROBERT BACKHOUSE PEACOCK 



EDITED BY 



THE EEV. J. C. ATKINSON, 

AUTHOR OF "A GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF CLEVELAND," ETC., ETC. 



J-, * o 



I , •) <> 1 t> 



PUBLISHED FOR THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY BY 

ASHER & CO. 

LONDON: 13, BEDFORD STREET, CONVENT GARDEN. 

BERLIN : 20, UNTER DEN LINDEN. 

1869. 






HERTFORD : 

PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN. 

57^0 



INTEODUCTION. 



The materials from which the following pages have been com- 
> piled and printed were left by their lamented collector in a 
* trough and undigested condition. There were abundant evidences 
of extreme diligence in collection; but it was at the same time 
evident that the task of arrangement and compression — certainly 
not second in difficulty, or in importance, to that of compilation — 
had not as yet been commenced upon. Still, the quantity of 
valuable matter contained in the extensive pile of material was 
so distinctly apparent, that it was an exercise of the soundest 
judgment which recommended publication. 

The task of the Editor, however, in selecting and preparing 
for the press was far less easy and self-explanatory. On the 
one hand, was the desire to preserve as much as possible of the 
Author's work : on the other, the necessity of removing redun- 
dancies, excluding repetitions, grouping varying forms, system- 
atising and bringing under one head various distinct or separate 
notes, explanations and illustrations of one or the same word, or 
its differing forms. And these objects were not easily reconcilable. 
The practical rule eventually adopted by the present Editor was 
to put himself, as far as possible, in the place of the author, as 
occupied with the labour of reducing his rough materials into 
workable form ;* and the only deviations, in practice, from the rule 
adopted, have been in the direction of sympathy with the author 
rather than with the critic. A very considerable number of the 
words collected proved, on inspection, to be simply familiar words 
in common use among the unlearned throughout the English pro- 
vinces. These, as being equally of no specific value or interest, 
and as greatly increasing the bulk of the volume, have, generally 
speaking, been excluded. Others, as mere orthographical vari- 
ations of the same word, have been dealt with on the same 
principle. But it is to be hoped that nothing whatever of any 



Vlll 



INTRODUCTION. 



value, and, least of all, any distinct phonetic form or decided 
dialect word, has been neglected or omitted. 

It will probably be remarked by some into whose hands the 
Glossary will pass, as it has been by the editor, that a considerable 
number of the words in the Glossary, jointly with their definitions, 
appear to have been taken bodily from Halliwell's " Dictionary of 
Archaic and Provincial Words." This is explained by a note from 
the late Herbert Coleridge to Mr. Peacock, recommending him (in 
reference to a suggestion evidently originating with Mr. Peacock 
himself on going through Halliwell's Dictionary in connection 
with his own collections and researches) to mark all the words 
he might identify. as belonging to that district of Lancashire the 
dialect of which he purposed to illustrate. In some instances 
the definitions attached to these words have been slightly modified, 
or, perhaps, remodelled ; but, of the majority, it will be seen that 
they are left as copied by Mr. Peacock. 

In only a very few cases has the editor taken upon himself 
to introduce any new matter ; and, in these few, only with a view 
to illustration where illustration seemed to be called for, or likely 
to add to the interest of the Glossary itself. In every such case, 
whensoever the addition exceeds two or three words in length, the 
matter added is marked off from the context by brackets, and the 
syllable Ed. is printed at its end. 

Subjoined is a list of the abbreviations and contractions em- 
ployed in the body of the Glossary. 

J. 0. ATKINSON. 

LIST OF CONTRACTIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED 
IN THE GLOSSARY. 



A.S. Anglo-Saxon. 
O.E. Old English. 

E. English. 
O.N. Old Norse. 

Sw. Swedish. 
O.Sw. Old Swedish. 
Sw. D. Swedish Dialect. 
Dan. Danish. 



Dan.D. Danish Dialect. 

S.G. Suio-Gothic. 

M.G. Maeso-Gothic. 

W. Welsh. 

G. Gaelic. 

M. Manx. 

Bret. Breton. 

Fr. French. 



O.Fr. Old French. 
M.L. Mediaeval Latin. 

D. Dutch. 
G. or Germ. German. 

Pr. Pronunciation. 

pr. pronounced. 

Corr. Corruption. 

Contr. Contraction. 



GLOSSARY. 



A, Corr. of ha'e for E. have : as, " I 
sud a sent," for "I should have sent." 

A, prep, in, on. O.N. a, in, on; [A.S. 
and O.E. on, changed into a in com- 
pound mod. E. words, as, away = 
A.S. onweg, abroad = OJE. on brede. 
Ed.] as, "Don't du a that way" = 
A Don't do it in that way. 

A (pr. yah or ad, the first a as in hate, 
the second as in Noah), num. adj. 
one. S.-G. a. "In pluribus Suio- 
gothise partibus unitatis nota est, ut 
a man, vir unus," 

A, used for. (1) You.. (2) He ; as, " Is 
a gaain Ooston to-day ?"= Are you 
going to Ulverstone to-day ? Comp. 
"A' babbled of green fields," King 
Henry V. ii. 3. 

Aa, v.t. to owe. O.N. a pres. of eiga, 
to own ; hverr a ? who owns ? 

Aad (the two a's pr. as the first and 
second in Harland, respectively), adj. 
1. Old ; as, Aad Harry, Aad Scratch, 
terms for the devil ; Aad Kersmas, 
Christmas reckoned by the old style ; 
Aad file, an old miser ; Aad sang, a 
trifle. 2. (metaph.) Experienced, not 
easily taken in ; as, Aad hand, a 
knowing or expert person ; Aad 
stager, one well initiated in any- 
thing. 

Aad wife hake, a term for a rural festi- 
val, at which old and young dance 
together. 

Aan, pron. Pr. of own. O.Fris. ain, 
M.G. aigan, A.S. dgen, own, be- 
longing to oneself. 

Aan, v.t. (1) to own, have belonging ; 
as, "Its aaenH (or aaertd) bi him" 
=He is the owner. (2) To acknow- 

B 



AC 

ledge, thence to visit ; as, " Ye niv- 
ver aan us now ; " i.e. never visit us, 
or claim us as friends. A.S. agan, 
to own. 

Aaned, p.p. of aan, to own. 

Aaner, n. an owner. 

Aansel, pron. one's own self. 

Aback, adv. in the rear, behind. 

Aback-a-behint, very far behind or in 
the rear. 

Aback-o-beyont, at a very great dis- 
tance away. 

Abaiyed, Pr. of abode. 

Abbut, Pr. of aye but. 

Abe, Let me = Let me alone. 

Abeear, ) v.t. to bear, to tolerate. AS. 

Abere, ) aberan, to bear, to suffer. 

Abidden, p.p. of To abide ; endured. 

Ablish, adj. rather able ; of tolerable 
pecuniary means. 

Abode, pret. of To abide ; endured. 

Aboon, adv. above, overhead, more 
than ; as, " T' meer dud kick aboon 
a bit " = The mare did kick more 
than a little, i.e. excessively. 

Abrede, adj. abroad, spread out, " His 
hay is o abrede," i.e. all spread out. 
A.S. abredan, to extend. 

■ ( ^ orr - °* because. 

Accorah-earth, n. green arable earth. 

Achelor, n. hewn stone ; Pr. of Ashlar. 

Ack, v.t. to mind, to regard ; as, 
" Never ack " = Never mind. Sw. 
ahta, to mind, to care. 

A-cock-horse, used adjectively, trium- 
phant. 

Acreak'd, adj. crooked, awry. 

Acren, n. an acorn. A.S. wceren, M.G. 
akran. 

1 



AC 



AN 



Acruk'd, adj. crooked, awry. 

Actilly, Oorr. of actually. 

Adam and Eve, a name for the bulbs 
of the Orchis maculata. 

Addle, v.i. to adhere together, to co- 
agulate. 

Addle, v.t. to earn. O.N. odlaz, to ac- 
quire, gain. 

Addled, adj. rotten, decayed ; as, 
" an addled egg." W. hadlu, to de- 
cay, to grow rotten ; A.S. ddl, sick, 
ill, corrupted, putrid. 

Addle-headed, adj. stupid, of defec- 
tive intellect, without the power of 
thought. 

Addlin's, n. labourers' wages. 

Adone ! (Corr. of have done !) cease ! be 
quiet ! 

Adoors, prep, at the door, i.e. out- 
side. 

Adzooks, interj. an exclamation or 
petty oath. 

Ae ! interj. Oh ! "Ae, what a seet o' 
apples that tree hev on it ! v 

Afeard, adj. afraid. 

Affend, Corr. of offend. 

Aibor, adv. and prep, before, forward, 
A.S. for, Du. voor, before. 

Afooretime, adv. in time past. 

Afoot, adv. on foot. 

Afront, adv. in front. 

Again, prep, against. A.S. and O.Fris. 
agen, O.N. gegn, contra. 

Agate, To be, to be afoot, agoing, at 
work, or occupied in doing a thing. 

Agate, To get, to get to work, to have 
commenced. 

Agate, To set, to set agoing, put on 
foot, originate work. 

Agee (g soft), adj. awry, oblique, 
askew. 

Agin, conj. as if. 

Agistment, n. the feeding of cattle in 
a common pasture, for a stipulated 
price. 

Agoy, interj. a petty oath. 

Agreeably, adv. in an uniform man- 
ner, in a way perfectly alike. 

Agrund, adv. on the ground. 

Ah, but, a form implying dissent, 
nearly = Nay, but. 

Ahint, adv. and prep, behind. 

Ahn, poss. pron. own. See Aan. 

Ahuh, adj. awry, aslant. A.S. awoh, 
awry. 

Aiable (Corr. of able), adj. wealthy. 

Aidher, ) adj. either. O.Fris. aider, 

Aither, ] each, every ; A.S. cegper. 

2 



jM* } short for Alice. 

Aiqual, Pr. of equal. 

Aire, n. land warped up by floods or 
tides, and now or once liable to be 
overflowed by them. 

Aish, n. an ash tree. 

Alang, adv. along. 

Alang of, in consequence of, or owing to. 

Alayan, ) adv. alone. Dan. allene, 

Alean, ] Du. aleen or alleen. 

Alayat, adv. of late, lately. 

Aid, Pr. of old. 

Ale, n. a rural festival, a merry meet- 
ing. Bride-a?e and church-a^e are 
terms for a wedding supper and a 
church festivity. Cf. Dan. arvol, 
Sw. arfol. Mulled-a£e is ale boiled 
with sugar, spice, etc. 

Aleven, Corr. of eleven. 

Aliblaster, n. alabaster. Gr. dxdpaaTpos, 
M.G. alabalstraun. 

Allaz, Corr. of aloes. 

Allecar, ) n. alegar, vinegar made 

Allekur, ] from ale. 

Alley, n. the aisle of a church. 

All-hallows, a name for All Saints' 
Day (1st Nov.). 

All-of-a-heugh, adj. all on one side. 
A.S. awoh, crookedly. See Ahuh. 

All-overish, adj. neither sick nor well. 

Amackily, adv. a little so, in some 
fashion, partly. 

Amain, adv. lustily. 

Amaiyast, " 

Ameast, \ Corr. of almost. 



Amooast, 

Amang, Northumb. form of among. 

Amang-hands, used adverbially of 

work done at intervals amongst 

other business. 
An, adv. than. O.N. en, Du. an, than. 
An, conj. if. "He'll cum an a sed 

sooa" = He will come if he said so. 

S.G. am, if. Comp. Gr. 4av. 
An (pr. yan), num. adj. one. Used 

absolutely, as A or Aa is joined to a 

noun ; as, " That's an of them," "Aa 

cow," "Aa sheep." 
An', Contr. of and. 

Ananters, ) conj. in case that, if per- 
Anters, \ adventure. Fr. aventure. 

an adventure, chance, hap, in O.E., 

aunter. 
Aneath, Corr. of beneath. 
An end (Corr. of on end), upright. 
Anenst, prep, against, opposite to, over 

against. Comp. Gr. ivarnos. 



AN 



AT 



Anew, adv. afresh, again ; as, " I'll 

try my hand anew" 
Angle -berry, n. a sore under the hoof 

of an animal. 
Angnail, n. a corn upon the toe. 
Angs, n. the beard of barley. N.Fris. 

agen, O.N. agnir (pi. of b'gri), Sw. 

agnar, Fin. akana, Gr. axva, chaff, 

awns. 
Anif. Used for if. 
An-o, Corr. of and all; sometimes = 

also. 
Ankle-jacks, n.-& sort of quarter boots. 

Anthony's -fire, n. erysipelas. Du. 
Anthonis vyer, erysipelas. 

Anto (Corr. of an thou), if thou. 

Anudder, Corr. of another. 

Apace, adv. by degrees ; as, " He will 
get on apace " = He will do what he 
is about by degrees or in time. 

Ape, n. a fool, a wayward child. O.N. 
api, homo fatuus, insipidus, stultus. 

Apieces, Corr. of in pieces. 

A-pigga-back, said of a mode of car- 
rying a child on one's back, with his 
legs under one's arms, and his arms 
round one's neck. 

SgSSJ *»"!"»• 

Apricock, n. an apricot. 

Apron, n. the fat skinny covering of 
the belly of a duck or goose. 

Argufy, v.i. (1) to argue. (2) To signify. 

Ark, n. in the north of England the 
large chests in farm-houses, used 
for keeping meal or flour, are so 
called ; they are usually made of 
oak, and are sometimes elaborately 
carved. 

Ark, Noah's, n. clouds in lines con- 
verging to two points on opposite 
parts of the sky, with some resem- 
blance to the planks of a boat or 
ship. [The name is a Corr. of ' Noe- 
ship,' Prov. Sw. Noaskeppet, in 
which Noe is a Corr. of Odin. 
Weather auguries are derived from 
'Noah's Ship' or Ark.' Ed.] 

Aries, n. earnest money (generally 
Is.), given on hiring a servant to 
bind th e bargain. Gael, arias, earnest- 
money, M. earlys, earnest. 

Am, Corr. of earn. 

Arnest-money, deposit-money given to 
bind a bargain on hiring a servant, 
etc. Comp. W. ernes, earnest-money. 



Arr, n. a scar or pockmark. Dan. ar, 
S.G. airr, Sw. arr, N.Fris. aar, a scar, 
cicatrix, seam. 

Arrals, n. pimples, or a rash break- 
ing out upon the skin. 

Arran, n. a spider. 

Arridge, n. the edge of a squared 
stone or piece of wood, or the 
like. 

Arridge, v.t. to take the sharp edge off 
any squared object, as the joiner 
or stonemason does. 

Arsboord, n. the hinder board of a 
cart. 

Arston, Corr. of hearth-stone. 

Arter, Corr. of after. 

Arval, n. a dole of ale and bread given 
at a funeral ; also money given at 
the death of a fox for the hunters to 
get ale to drink at the nearest public- 
house. S.G. arfSl, O.Dan, arfivol, 
Dan. aruo'l, literally inheritance-ale. 
(See Ale.) Comp. also W. arwyl, 
funeral obsequies. 

Arval-dinners are common in Cart- 
mel, for friends who attend a funeral 
from a distance. 

As (pr. az), conj. that; as, "He said 
as he wod " = He said that he would. 

Ask ") 

Asker > n ' a new ^ or water-lizard. 

Esk, ') GaeI ^- 

Aslope' | ad J' slo P in & inclined. 
Asquat, adj. sitting on the haunches. 
Ass, n. ashes. 

Ass-boord, n. a box for ashes. 
Ass-hole, n. a receptacle for ashes. 
Assil-tree, n. an axle-tree. Gael, aisil, 

an axle-tree. 
Assil-tooth, ) n. a grinder or molar 
Axil-teuth, \ tooth. O.'S.jaxl, dens 

maxillaris. 
Ass-manner, ) n. manure, the chief 



Ass-muck, 



constituent of which 



is ashes ; the contents of the Ass- 
middens of a town. 

Ass-midden, n. a heap of ashes. 

Asta, Corr. of hast thou. 

Astir, adv. on the move, on the alert. 

As tit, adv. as soon. See Tit, Titter. 

Astraddle, 

Astreddle, 

Aswint, adj. awry. 

At, conj. that ; as, " He sed at he wod." 
Dan. at, Sw. att, that. 

At, used before the infinitive. Con- 
stantly used as a prefix to the verb 
3 



adv. astride. 



AT 



BA 



in the infinitive in N.L, ; as, "I don't 
like at see it," for "I don't like to 
see it." O.N. at, nota infinitivi. 

At, prep, to ; as, " Hey ta done ouht 
at it ? " or, " Hes ta dune oute at 
it?" i.e. "to it," in the way of re- 
pairs. 

At, rel. pron. who, that ; as, " Him at 
left it"=He who left it. O.N. at, 
qui, who. 

At-efter, adv. after, afterwards. Comp. 
S.G. and Sw. efterat, after this or 
that, afterwards, Dan. efterat, after. 

Ater. See Arter. 

A-this-side, on this side ; betwixt now 
and ; as, "A-this-side Easter." 

Athout, prep, without ; as, " I'se goan 
athout it." 

Atomy, n. an anatomy, a skeleton. 

Atop, adv. on the top. 

Atort, prep, towards. 

Attercob, n. a spider. A.S. attercoppa; 
atter, poison. 

Atter-pile, n. a small fish with veno- 
mous spines. 

Atter-pile. Castlehead Cartmel was 
anciently called "Atterpile." 

IS K- bet — • 

At wo, adv. in two, asunder. 
At yance, at once. See Yance. 

^JPr.ofall. 

Aud-farand, adj. old fashioned. 

Audher, ) conj. either. O.Fris. auder, 

Auther, \ A.S. aufter. 

Aum, Pr. of elm. 

Aumus, n. alms. [A.S. celmesse, O.N. 

olmusa, O.Sw. almusa, O.E. ahnus. 

Ed.] 
Aund, adj. ordained, predestinated. 

[O.N. avftna, fate, destiny, luck, 

auftinn, neut. aufSit, fated, destined ; 

Prov. Sw. den, on, id. Ed.] 
Aup, ) n. a heavy, stupid person ; a 
Aupy, ) childish or silly person. 
Aunters, n. adventures. See Ananters, 

Anters. 
Aursels, Pr. of ourselves. 

Awar^nt, \ vJ ' to assure ' to warrant ' 

Away-going, adj. departing ; applied 
to the crop of a tenant who is leav- 
ing his farm. See "Waygoing Crop. 

Awer, Pr. of hour. 

A- wheels, on wheels, swiftly ; as, " It 
went a-wheelsr 

Awkert, adj. awkward, clumsy. 
4 



Aw macks, all sorts, all kinds ; lit. 

" all makes." 
Awroddy, Corr. of already. 
Awsome, adj. appalling, awful, 
Aw't, all the. 
Awter, Pr. of alter. 
Awteration, Pr. of alteration. 
Ax, to ask. A.S. acsian or axian, to ask. 
A yan, one person ; as, " Wha wos they 

yar ? " " Sick a yan ; " for " Who was 

there!" " Such a one." 
Azzard, n. a little thriveless child or 

person, irritable, and full of monkey 

tricks. 
Azzy, n. a wayward child. 



B. 



Bab, n. baby, a child. 

Babble, v.i. to talk without sense, or 
idly. O.N. babba, balbutire, from 
babb, inarticulata vox, Dan. bable, 
Du. babbeln, to babble, to prate, N. 
Fris. babbeln, garrire more infantum, 
N.Er. babbiller, to babble, talk over- 
much, Du. babbel, a babbling or 
prattling, N.Fr. babil, babble. 

Babble, n. (1) an idle tale, nonsense. 
(2) Noise made by hounds when they 
are too busy, and open before they 
are sure of the scent. 

Babbling, n. a noisy discourse. 

Babby, n. a baby. 

Baby, n. a doll for children. 

Bachelor's Buttons, n. the flower, rose 
campion. 

Back up, To set one's = To provoke so 
as to make him angry. 

Backhand, n. an iron chain over a cart 
saddle which supports the shafts. 

Backboord, n. a board on which dough 
is rolled out. 

Backen, v.t. to retard. 

Back-end, n. autumn, 

Backer, adj. comp. further back. 

Backerd's way, adv. backwards, 

Backerly, adj. late. 

Backgrund (Pr. of background), n. a 
place of concealment. 

Backing, n. anything put behind a 
front surface ; as, soil placed behind 
wattling. 

Back-recknin(g), n. after reckoning. 

Backside, n. any premises at the back 
of a house. Sw. bakside, back. 

Backskin, n. a strong piece of leather 
worn on the back by fishermen. 



BA 



BA 



Backst, adj. most backward, furthest 

back. Dan. bagst. 
Backspan, n. a baking plate for oat 

bread. 

ackwo 

or decline an invitation. 
Backword, n. an answer to put off an 

engagement. 
Bad, p.p. of To bid, invited. 
Bad, adj. sick, ill. [duce. 

Badger, n. a travelling buyer-up of pro- 
Badger, v.t. (1) to beat down in bar- 
gaining. (2) To worry by the use of 

irritating language. 
Badly, adj. sick, ill. 
Bae, v.i. to cry like a lamb. 
Bae-lamb, n. a child's name for a 

young lamb. 

Baily, n. a bailiff, a sheriff's officer. 

Bain, adj. (1) near. O.N. bein, rectus, 
directus. (2) Willing. 

Bait, n. (1) a luncheon. (2) The fibre 
of wood. 

Bait, v.t. to stop to feed a horse. 

Baiyan-flower, n. the daisy. 

Baiyath (Pr. of bath), v.t. (1) to bathe 
with water, to foment. (2) To rub 
liniment or lotion well in. 

Baiyath, Pr. of both. 

Bakhouse, Pr. of bake-house. 

Bakin', n. the quantity of bread baked 
at one time. 

Balk (Pr. bauk or boke), n. (1) a large 
piece of felled timber. W. and Gael. 
bale, Manx balk, A.S. balca, Sw. balk. 
beam, balk. (2) The strong beam 
which, running horizontally, unites 
the principal rafters of a building. 
(3) A fishing balk ; a long wattled 
hedge of a semi-circular form set 
upon the sea-sands, which compels 
the fish at the ebb of the tide to 
make towards the deepest part, where 
there is a semi-circular bower of nets 
to catch them. . N. bdlkr, a hedge 
of wood, S.G. balk, sepimentum. (4) 
A ridge or strip of land left un- 
ploughed in a tillage field. S.G. balk, 
porca, a ridge between two furrows. 

Balk, v.t. to pass over, to pass by, to 
disappoint. 

Ball, n. (1) the pupil of the eye. (2) 
The palm of the hand. (3) The 
round part of the bottom of a horse's 
foot. " Whar is it 1 " It's i' 't ball o' 
't foot." 



Balled, adj. white-faced. 

Ballet, Corr. of ballad. 

Bam, n. a false mocking tale, a gibe. 

Armor, bamein, to deceive ; and 

Gael, beum, a cut or sarcasm. 
Bam, v.t. to employ a mode of punish- 
ment at school, well known to school 

boys. 
Bamboozle, v.t. to cheat, to make game 

of. 
Bammed, p.p. struck, beaten. 
Ban, n. a curse. A.S. ban, interdictum, 

excommunication. 
Band, n. (1) the iron hinges of a door 

or gate. (2) A wooden fastening for 

a cow's neck. 
Band, j»re£. of bind. " He band him tull 

a tailor "= He bound him to a tailor. 
Band, n. the summit of a minor hill ; 

as, " Swirl band," Tilberthwaite fell. 

Welsh, bant, height. 
Band, ) n. a chain across a horse's 

Backhand, ] back holding up the 

shafts. 
Bandish, Corr. of bandage. 
Bands, n. the hinges of a door. 
Bandy- cat, n. a game played with 

sticks rounded or curved at the lower 

end, called Bandy-cats, and a small 

wooden block called a kiddy or cat. 

See Catty. 
Bane. See Bain. 
Bang, v.t. (1) to beat in competition ; 

to surpass. (2) To strike. (3) v.i. 

To go with rapidity, "She bang'd 

out o' t' dure, and we saa na meyar 

on her." O.N. bdnga, pulso, percutio, 

Dan. banke, to beat, thrash, drub. 
Bang, n. a blow. O.N. bang, pulsatio, 

Dan. bank, a drubbing, thrashing, 

beating. 
Banger, n. (1) a hard blow. (2) A great 

falsehood. 
Bank up, v.i. to collect in masses: 

" It is banking up," spoken of clouds 

gathering before a shower. 
Bannock, n. a small loaf or cake, made 

of oatmeal. Gael, bannach, a cake. 
Bantlin', n. an infant. 
Bant y- cock, ) n. fowls of the Bantam 
Banty-hen, ] breed. 
Bar, v.t. to shut, to close ; as, "Bar them 

out." _ 
Bar, adj. bare. 
Barfet, adj. barefoot. "Barfet an' bar 

legg'd " = Barefoot and bare legged. 

A.S. barfot, O.N. berf&ttr, nudipes, 

Dan. barfodet, barefooted. 

5 



BA 



BA 



Bark, v.i. Foxes are said to bark at 
rutting time. 

Barked, adj. encrusted with dirt. 

Barkam, n. a horse's collar. See Bar- 
riham. 

Barley, v.t. to bespeak. An exclam- 
ation frequently used by children 
when they wish to obtain the first 
choice. Manx barelkiam, I would 
rather. 

Barm, n. yeast. W. burym, A.S. bearme, 
N.Fris. barm, yeast, Gael, beirm, S.G. 
berma. 

Barn, n. a child. Also used in a 
familiar way of speaking to one 
another. O.Fris. bern, N.Fris., M.G., 
O.N., Dan., S.G., and Sw. barn, "At 
be wi' bam " = To be enceinte ; at ga 
wi' barn: Comp. Sw. " Att ga med 
barn." 

Barn-time, n. the time during which 
a woman may have children. 

Barnish, adj. childish. M.G. barnishs, 
childish, O.N. barnwska, pueritia, 
Dan. barnlig, childish. 

Barn-laikings, n. potsherds placed in 
the form of horses or other figures ; 
literally, children's playthings. 

Barnless, adj. childless. A.S. " 
0. Fris. bernlas, Sw. barnlos. 

Barns, n. issue, progeny. A.S. 

Barns' barns, n. grandchildren. M.G. 
barne barna. 

Barragan, n. a sort of fustain. 

Barren, adj. said of a cow or ewe, not 
in calf or lamb. 

Barren, n. the exterior sexual parts of 
a cow. Comp. Sc. birn, matrix. 
[Prov. Sw. bdrane, barne, Prov. Dan. 
beer end, Old Dan. bairoende, from O.N. 
bera, O.Sw. hcera, to bring forth, of 
which word Ihre remarks that it is 
applied simply to the parturition of 
cows. Ed.]. 

Barriham, n. a horse's collar. See 
Barkam. [This word appears in 
many other forms, as harfhame, bar- 
son, braffam, braugham, baurgham, 
brecham, etc. The old forms ham- 
berwe, kanaborough, noticed by Mr. 
Wedgwood, give the same elements, 
but in different order, the simple 
meaning being protection against the 
names. A.S. beorgan, to protect, 
PL D. bargen, Dut. and Germ, bergen, 
id. Ed.]. 

Barring- out, n. an ancient custom at 
schools, until lately prevalent, when 
6 



the boys, at the commencement of 
harvest, bar out the master from the 
school, and demand the day's holiday. 

Barrow (Pr. barra), n. (1) a large heap 
of stones. A.S. bearow, a high or 
hilly place, a hill covered with wood, 
Gael, bara, id., Manx barrey. (2) 
The side of a rocky hill ; quite as 
often, or oftener, the hill itself, par- 
ticularly the top or conical part of 
the hill : often a post-fix ; as, Trow- 
barrow, Torrisholme barrows, How- 
barrow, Backbarrow, Underbarrow, 
Warkbarrow. 

Basket-swerde, n. a sword with a hilt 
formed to protect the hand from 
injury. 

Bass, n. a name for the perch (fish). 

Bassin, n. Pr. of basin. 

Bass-mat, n. See Bast. 

Bast, n. a species of matting made of 
the inner rind of bark. Du. bast, 
bark, O.N., Dan., and Sw. bast, the 
inner bark of the lime tree, A.S. 
bcest, S.G. bast, cortex tilise, Sw. bast, 
Dan. bast-maat, bast-mat. 

Baste, v.t. to sew slightly. 

Bastert, Pr. of bastard. O.Fr. basterd, 
Du. bastaert, W. basdardd. 

Bat, n. a blow or stroke. 

Bat, v.t. to beat, to strike ; as to beat 
the dust out of a door-mat by strik- 
ing it against a wall, or to beat it 
with a stick with the same object. 
N . Fris. bat, to beat, to strike. 

Bat, n. a blow : as, " Gi' him a bat " = 
Give him a blow. Also metaph. for 
rate, speed, manner of action ; as, 
"At that bat " = At that speed ; 
" He's at th' old bat =He is playing 
the old game ; e.g. drunk, as usual. 

Bat-beggar, n. a beadle. 

Batch, n. a heap or quantity of any- 
thing ; literally, the entire quantity 
of bread baked at one time, whence 
all the other applications of the 
word. 

Bate, v.t. to abate or diminish. 

Bate, n. the fibres or grain of wood. 
See Bait. 

Batter, n. repeated blows, as with a 
battering ram. 

Batter, v.i. a wall which diminishes 
in thickness upwards is said to batter. 

Battered. A horse with tender feet is 
said to be battered. 

Battin', n. the straw of two sheaves 
folded together. 



BA 



BE 



See Balk, vb. and n. 



Battle-royal, n. a fight that used to 
be fought between several cocks, 
where the one that stood longest was 
the victor. 

Bauk, 

Bawk, 

Bawm, Pr. of balm. 

?£; } Gott. o£ prep. by. [court# 

Beadle, n. a crier or messenger of a 
Beak (Corr. of bake), v.t. to soften wood 

and sticks in the fire for use with- 
out burning them. 
Beak (Corr. of beak), n. the bill of a 

bird. Gael, beic, N.Fr. bee. 
Beal, v.i. to roar out, to give mouth, 

to bellow as cattle. O.N. belja, 

O.Sw. bcelia, bala, N. baula, belja, 

O.E. belly n, to low as neat. 
Beam, Pr. of beam. 
Beam-filling, n. masonry or brickwork 

employed to flush or to fill up a wall 

between joists or beams. 
Bean, Pr. of bone. 
Bean-cods, n. the pods of beans. A.S. 

bean-coddas. 
Beanfire, Pr. of bonfire. 
Bear, n. a door-mat. 
Bear, Pr. of bear. 

Beard, v.t. to top a wall with thorns. 
Bearding, n. thorn bushes stuck into 

a bank or hedge. 
Bearer, n. a martingale. 
Bearers, n. the persons who bear or 

carry a corpse to the grave. 
Beas, n. pi. cows, cattle collectively. 

See Beast. 
Beast, ) n. an animal of the beeve kind 
Beost, ) in a fatting state ; more 

generally, any single animal of the 

ox kind. 
Beat, v.i. Hares are said to beat when 

they make a noise at rutting time. 
Beater, n. a wooden mallet used for 

various purposes. 
Beath, Pr. of both. 
Beck, 11. a small stream, a brook. O.N. 

beckr or beklcr, rivus, Sw. back, a 

brook, a rivulet, Dan. bcek, a brook, a 

rill, S.G. beck 
Beck, n. a hint, or nod. 
Becose, ) -n f , 
Becoze, \ Pr " of because ' 
Bed, pret. of To bid, offered ; as, " He 

bed a hundred pound." 
Beddin', n. bedding, bedclothes ; also 

straw under horses or cattle. A.S. 

bedding. 



Bedeet, adj. dirtied. 

Bed-gown, n. a loose kind of jacket, 

formerly much worn by the female 

peasantry instead of an ordinary 

dress. 
Bedizened, adj. decked or dressed out 

gaudily. 
Bed-joints, n. the natural joints of 

stone as it lies in the beds of rocks. 
Beear. See Bear. 
Beeboe, To go to : a child's term for 

going to sleep. 
Bee-breead, n. a brown substance with 

which some of the cells of a honey- 
comb are filled. 
Beeld, ) n. (1) an object which shelters, 
Bield, ) as a large bush, a wall, a 

shed. (2) Shelter, protection, or de- 
fence. 
Beery, adj. the worse for drink, tipsy, 

intoxicated. 
Beest-milk, n. the milk given by a 

cow immediately after calving. Du. 

biest, curdled milk, A.S. beost or byst, 

bysting, biestings. 
Beetle, n. a heavy wooden hammer, 

such as is used by paviors ; also 

called a rammer. A.S. bitl, a mallet. 
Be far, a deprecatory exclamation. 
Beheyav, Pr. of behave. 
Behint, prep, behind. 
Behoaf, Pr. of behalf. 
Behodden, Pr. of beholden. 
Belaa, Pr. of below. 
Belder, v.i. to roar, to bellow. 
Beleng, ) Pr. of belong. But the vb. 
Belang, \ takes a quasi active sense in 

ordinary usage ; as, " Yon house 

belangs me;" "The stock and crops 

belengivj James F." 
Belike, adv. likely, perhaps, probably. 
Belive, adv. before long, by and by, 

quickly, presently, immediately. 
Belk, n. an eructation. A.S. bale. 
Belk, v.i. to belch. AS. bealcan. 
Bellow, v.i. to make the noise a roe 

does at rutting time, 
Bell-wedder, n. the wether sheep which 

carries the bell at the head of the 

flock. 
Belly-timmer, n. food. O.N. beli, sto- 

machus, and timbr, ligna. 
Belly- wark, n. the colic. O.N. beli, 

A.S. bcelig, stomachus, A.S. wcerc, 

pain. 
Belve, v.t. to drink greedily. 
Bemean, v.i. to moan; as, "T' cow 

bemeans itself "= The cow moans. 
7 



BE 



BI 



Bene, n. a prayer or petition. 
Bensil, v.t. to beat, to thrash. 
Bent, ) n. a long coarse grass, 

Bent-girse, ] which chiefly grows on 

the moors, a species of ribbon grass. 

(Agrostis canina, Linn). 

Beside, adv. by the side of. 
Besom, n. a broom, generally made of 
birch or heather. A.S. besem, O.Fris. 
besma, Sw. besem. 
Bessy-blakeling, n. the yellow-hammer. 
Bete, to amend, to repair. AS. betan; 
as, "To bete t' fire " = To mend the 
fire by putting more fuel on. Comp. 
A.S. betan fyr, to mend or repair a 
fire, to light or make a fire, to kindle, 
Du. boeten het vyer. 
Bethink, v.i. to recollect. 
Better, v.t. to improve ; as, "He can't 
better hissel " = He cannot improve 
his present position. A. S. beterian, 
O.Fris. beteria, O.N. betra, emendo, 
Sw. battra, to amend, to improve. 
Betterin', n. an improving, amending, 
improvement. A.S. beterung, O.Fris. 
beteringe. 
Bettermer, adj. better. 
Betwattled, adj. confounded, stupi- 
fied, in a distressed and confused 
state of mind. 
Bevellin'. " He gev him a gud bevel- 
foV"=He gave him a good beating. 
Beyad (Pr. of bade), pret. of bide, to 

abide, continue. 
Beyak, Pr. of bake. See Beak. 
Beyan, Pr. of bone. A.S. ban, O.N. 

bein, M.G. bain, Dan. been. 
Bezzle, v.i. to drink hard, to tipple. 
Bib, v.i. to drink, to guzzle. 
Bicker, v.i. to use bitter words in con- 
tention. W. bicra, to fight, to skir- 
mish, to bicker. 
Bickerin[g], n. a using of bitter words 
in contention. W. bicre, a conflict, 
a bickering. 
Bid, v.t. to invite. O.N. bioda, Dan. 
byde, Sw. bjuda, N. bjoda, M.G. 
biudan, A.S. beddan, all meaning to 
bid, to invite ; Prov. Dan. e hele by 
er bo'den til cervol=t]ie whole town- 
ship is bidden to the Arval. 
Bidding -wedding, n. a wedding of 
poor persons, to which guests are 
specially invited, or bidden, and who 
are expected to contribute each an 
offering, which is received by the 



bride, and the accumulated amount 
of which becomes the property of 
the newly-married pair, to aid them 
in their house-keeping. 

Biddy, n. a louse. 

Bide, v.t. and i. (1) to dwell, to remain, 
to abide. (2) To bear, to endure. 
A.S. bidan, to bide, abide, await, 
remain, tarry, expect, O.Fris. bidia, 
0.~N.bi$a, to await or remain, S.G. 
bida, to remain, to stay, Sw. bida 
to stay, tarry, await, M.G. beidan, 
to look for, expect, W. bydiaw, to 
live at, dwell. 

Bield. See Beeld. 

Bieldy, adj. snug. 

Bifoa, Pr. of befall. 

Bifoan, Pr. of befallen. 

Bigg, n. a species of barley, having 
four rows, O.N. bygg, hordeum 
vulgare, S.G. bjugg, barley, Dan. byg. 

Bigg, v.t. to build. A.S. byggan, S.G. 
and Sw. bygga, instruere, Dan. bygge. 

Biggin', n. a building. Lunesd. Sw. 
byggning, Dan. bygning. 

Bijen, inter j. truly ! (By St. John.) 

Bile, n. a boil. A.S. by I, O.Fris. beil. 

Bilk, v.t. to cheat. 

Bill, n. a bill-hook for hedging pur- 
poses. A.S. bill, S.G. bil, a hatchet. 

Bills slins \ bar that shot (at marbles). 

Bind, v.t. to bind ; pret. band, p.p. bund. 
AS. bindan, O.Fris. binda, O.N. 
binda, S.G. bifida, ligare, M.G. bin- 
dan, pret. band, pi. bundum. 

Birk, n. a birch tree {Betula alba, 
Linn.). O.N. birk and bjork, betula, 
S.G. bjork, betulus, Sw. bjork, Dan. 
birk, A.S. byre. 

Birl, v.a. to serve or pour out wine or 
other liquor at an entertainment. 
A.S, byrlian, to give to drink, to act 
as butler. 

Birler, n. the master of the revels at a 
sale, or a bidding-wedding, whose 
duties it is to superintend the re- 
freshments, and birl out the wine or 
other drink. 0. N. byrlari, pincerna, 
a cup-bearer. 

Birry, n. a gooseberry. 

Birry-pie, n. gooseberry tart. 

Bishop. Milk that is burned in the 
pan is said to be bishopped, or some- 
times that " the bishop has set his 
foot in it." 

Bishopp'd poddish, porridge burnt in 
the pan. 



BI 



BL 



Bisky, n. a biscuit. 

Bit, n. (1) a bite. (2) Food. A.S. and 
O.Fris. bit, a bite. 

Bite, n. the hold which the short end 
of a lever has upon the thing lifted. 
"A short bite," or "a long bite" 
also means a greater or lesser degree 
of length from the fulcrum. 

Bite, v.i, to smart. 

Bi t' mess, by the mass. 

Bitter-sweet, n. a kind of apple, par- 
taking of the nature of a crab. 

Blaa, v.i. to breathe. It is simply a 
a mode of Pr. of blow. 

Blaa, n. bloom, blossom. 

Blaan, p.p. blown, out of breath with 
exertion. A cow or beast is said to 
be blaan when suffering from the 
distention arising from the fermen- 
tation of green food, A.S. bldwan, 
p.p. of blaivan, to blow. 

Blabber, v.i. to talk idly. O.N. blabbra, 
balbutire, Dan. blabbre, to babble. 

Black, v.t. to scold, to vituperate. 

Blackburn, n. a blackberry. 

Black -clock, n. the common black 
beetle. O.H.G. chuleich, a beetle. 

Black-frost, n. frost without rime. 

Blackguard, n. a low, coarse, abusive 
person. 

Blackguard, v.t. to vituperate in strong 
and not over choice terms. 

Blacking, n. a scolding. See Black. 

Black-leg, n. a disease amongst calves. 

Black-ouzel, n. a blackbird. 0. N. 
blakkr, A.S. blac, black, and A.S. 
ode, an ousel, a blackbird. 

Black-ox-trodden, adj. worn with age 
or care. 

Black-puddings, n. puddings made of 
blood, suet, and groats stuffed into 
the intestines of pigs, aud which, 
when boiled, are quite black. 

Blaebirry, n. the bilberry. 

Blake, adj. (1) pale yellow. (2) Of a 
faded black colour. 0. N. bleikr, Dan. 
bleg, A.S. bide. 

Blake, Pr. of bleak. 

Blake, ) n. the yellow bunting, or 

Blakeling, j yellow-hammer. 

Blare, v.i. to roar, to bellow. Du. 
blaaren, to bellow. 

Blast, n. A disruption of the rock, in 
mining or quarrying operations, by 
means of gunpowder, is called a blast. 

Blate, Pr. of bleat. 

3£££ | *• Blaebirry. 



Blazing-star, n. a comet. 

Blea, adj. livid, of a pale bluish colour. 
O.N. bldr, livid, S.G. bid, Dan. blaa, 
blue. 

Bleaned, adj. half dried; of linen or 
clothes bleached or sweetened by 
hanging out. 

Blear, Pr. of blare. 

Bleared, adj. red and swollen about 
the eyes from the effects of crying. 

Blear-ee'd, adj. red and swollen about 
the eyes. 

Bleaw, Pr. of blew. Comp. bleow, pret. 
of A.S. bldwan, to blow. 

Bleb, yi. a bubble, a blister, a blain. 

Bleddher, Pr. of bladder. 

Bledder, v.i. to cry aloud, to blubber. 

Blend, v.t. to mix. 

Bleumilk, n. skimmed milk, 

Bleyam, Pr. of blame. 

Blind, adj. abortive ; applied to nuts 
when without kernels, and to flowers 
and herbs when abortions. 

Blink, v.t. (1) to evade, to shy. (2) v.i. 
to smile, to look kindly ; generally 
applied to females. 

Blinkard, n. a nearsighted person. 

Blinkers, n. pieces of leather attached 
to a horse's head-collar. 

Blitely, Pr. of blithely. "She dud poo 
away rarely when she ligged herself 
blitely tull it" = She did pull away 
(rowed) famously when she applied 
herself freely to it. A.S. blvSlice, 
gladly, joyfully, willingly, Du. blijde- 
lijck, joyfully, gladly, or cheerfully, 
O.N. bW&liga, comiter, amice. 

Bliw, Pr, of blue. 

Bliw-caps, n. meadow scabious. 

Bliw-milk. See Bleumilk. 

Blob, n. a bubble, a blister. 

Blobber, v.i. to cry. 

Blood, v.t. to let blood, to bleed with 
a lancet. "He's been bloodirt him" 
= He has been taking blood from 
him. 

Blooding, n. a bloodletting, a bleeding 
with a lancet. 

Bloom, n. blossom of fruit trees. 

Blotching-paper, n. blotting-paper. 

Blother, v.i. to make a fuss and noise. 

Blubber, v.i. to cry, to sob. 

Bluddy-baiyans, Baa head an' 
bluddy-beyans, the name of a hob- 
goblin much feared by children. 

Blud-steyan (Pr. of blood-stone), a 
green semi-transparent pebble, with 
red spots in it like blood spots. 
9 



BL 



BO 



Bludsucker, n. a leech. O.K blodsuga, 

hirudo. 
Bluff, adj, (1) hearty, out spoken. (2) 

Bather arrogant, self-confident. 
Blur, n. a blot, an imperfection. 
Bo, Pr. of ball. 
Bo, n. a hobgoblin. W. bo, a goblin, a 

bugbear ; bw, fear, a bugbear. See 

Boggart. 
Boal, v.i. to roar out, to bawl, to give 

mouth. 
Boam, Pr. of balm. 
Bob, n. (1) a blow. (2) A bunch. 
Bob, v.t. (1) to fish. (2) To disappoint. 
Bobbersome, adj. saucy, forward, in 

high spirits. 
Bobbery, n. a squabble, a tumult. 
Bobbin, n. a reel for thread. Du. bobyne, 

Sw. bobin, Fr. bobine, a skein or hank 

of thread. 
Bobbish, adj. brisk, pretty well in 

health. 
Bobtail, v.t. to cut off the tail of a 

horse. 
Bo'd, Pr. of bald. 
Boddum, Pr. of bottom. 
Boddumest, adj. lowest. 
Bodily, adv. excessively, entirely. 
Bodder, Pr. of bother, to perplex. 

Comp. Gael, bodhair, to deafen, W. 

bythario, to stun, Manx, boir, to 

trouble, to disturb. 
Body, n. the middle aisle of the nave 

of a church, or the nave itself. 
Boggart, n. an apparition, a hobgoblin. 

W. bwg, a hobgoblin, biogwth, to 

threaten or scare, Gael, bocan, a hob- 
goblin, a spectre, Manx, buggam, a 

bugbear, a brownie, a scarecrow, 

something -to frighten. 
Boggle, v.i. (1) to flinch, to start as a 

horse does ; to hesitate ; to be afraid. 

(2) v.i. To hide oneself through fear. 
Boggle, n. a scruple, a difficulty; as, 

"He med a boggle about it"=He 

made a scruple (or difficulty) of it. 
Boggy-bo, n. a goblin. W. bivg-bo, a 

boggart, Gael, bo, an interjection to 

excite terror in children. 
Bogie, n, a kind of cart with low wheels 

and long shafts, used by masons to 

move large stones. 
Boilin[g]. "T" heyal boilirC on 'em" 

= The whole party. 
Boke, Pr. of balk. 
Bole, n. the body or trunk of a tree. 

O.N. boir, truncus arboris, S.G. bol, 

Sw. boll. 
10 



Bolster, n. the bed of a timber car- 
riage. 

Bolt, v.t. (1) to dislodge a rabbit. (2) 
v.i. To run away. 

Bone, v.t. to steal (cant term). 

Bone-flower, n. the daisy. See Baiyan 
flower. 

Bonnily, adv. prettily, nicely, satis- 
factorily. 

Bonny, adj. pretty, nice, pleasing, fair. 

Boo, Pr. of bough. 

Booard, Pr. of board. 

Booat, Pr. of boat. 

Booing, 11. bleating, making a noise 
like cattle. 

Book, ) Pr. of bulk, size, quantity ; 

Bouk, ) as, " To be a gay book of an 
age"=To be considerably advanced 
in years. 

Bookcraft, n. literature. A.S. boccraft. 

Bool, n. (1) the handle of a basket, 
pan, milking can, etc. (2) A child's 
trundling hoop. W. bwl, a round 
hollow body, S.G, by gel, a bending, a 
rounding. 

Booly, 11. a child's hoop. 

Boon-days, n. (1) days when statute 
work on the highways is performed. 
(2) The days on which the tenants 
are bound, under the feudal system, 
to work for their lord gratis. O.N. 
b6n, an entreaty, a prayer. [From 
being originally a thing asked, boon 
seems to have come to signify, first, 
the same thing freely granted, and 
then exacted or enforced.] 

Boon-plooing, n. a day's ploughing 
given by neighbouring farmers to a 
new comer who has lately entered 
on a farm. See Boon-days. 

Boore, Pr. of bore. 

Boose, n. a stall for cattle. A.S. bosg, 
bosig, O.N. bds, N.Fris. bosem. 

Boosy, adj. intoxicated. 

Boot, n. amends, compensation,. A.S. 
b6t, O.N. bot, satisfactio, reparatio, 
Manx, booit. 

Boot, v. impers. to signify or matter, 
to profit, to reap advantage. Sw. bata, 
to boot, to profit, Du. boete, profit. 

Bootlese-bene, n. unavailing prayer. 

Bor (Pr. of bur), n. (1) the prickly seed of 
the burdock {Arctium lappa, Linn.). 
Comp. W. bor, a bunch of tuft, Gael. 
borr, a knob, S.G. borre, a thistle, 
N. Fris. borre, the burdock. (2) A halo 
round the moon. 

Bordin, Pr. of burden. 



BO 



BR 



Bord-cleyath, n. a table-cloth. 

Born, Pr. of burn. "Born tha," an 
expression of displeasure. 

Born-fool, n. an idiot. 

Borrel, n. a heap or quantity ; as, " A 
borrel o' staiyans "=a heap of stones. 

Borrowed-days, n. very fine days in 
early spring which follow a long 
season of bad weather, and which 
are generally followed by further 
bad weather. 

Bortree, n. the elderberry tree. 

Bortree-jack, n. elderberry wine. 

Bosom, v.i. to eddy; said of the wind. 

Bozon, Pr. of boatswain. 

Boss, n. a protuberance. 

Botch, v.t. to mend clumsily, to mis- 
manage. Sw, lota, to patch, Du. 
boetsel, mending, bettering, O.S. 
botian, O.H.G. buozen. 

Botch, n. mismanagement. 

Bots, n. a kind of worms troublesome 
to horses. 

Bottle, n. a bundle of hay or straw. 
Er. ooteler, to bundle up, to make 
into bottles or bundles, from boteau, 
a bundle or bottle of hay. 

Bottle-nose, n. a porpoise. 

Bottle-up, v.t. to treasure up in one's 
memory. 

Bought-breyad, n. baker's bread. 

Bouk (Pr. of bolk), n. an eructation. 

Bould, Pr. of bold. 

Boulder, n. a hard stone rounded from 
attrition. Du. bollen, to roll. 

Bonn, adj. ready to go, going, starting. 

Bonn, adj. bound, under obligation. 

Bout, n. (1) a contest, a struggle. (2) 
A turn or spell at anything ; as, "A 
drinking bout "= A set-to at drinking. 
(3) In ploughing, the distance from 
one side of a field to the other and 
back again. 

Bout, adv. without, except. "Bout's 
beyar but it's easy," a proverbial 
phrase used by unmarried women in 
reference to a husband, meaning — If 
to be without is bare, it is easy. 

Bow, v.t. to bend. 

Bowk, v.t. to wash clothes in lye. 
Du. buycken. 

Bowking-dub, n. a pool used for 
washing clothes in lye. Often found 
in homesteads in Lunesdale. There 
is one near Ravenscar farm. M. 
dhubbey, a pool. 

Bowster, Pr. of bolster. 

Bowt, Pr. of bought. 



Box-and-dice, n. a game of hazard. 

Bra', (pr. braw), n. the upper part of 
a bank or abrupt declivity, any 
broken ground above a descent. 

Braal, Pr. of brawl. 

Braan (pr. brah-an), n. a boar pig. 
See Brawn. 

Brack, pret. of To break. 

Brack, n. a break or precipitous rise in 
the level of the ground. 

Brackens, n. ferns generally. 

Brade, ) v.i. to resemble or approach 

Braid, \ to likeness to a person or 
thing. An equivocation may be said 
to "brade on lying." Sw. bras, to 
be like, to resemble, O.N. bregma. 

Brag, v.i. to boast. 

Brag, n. an old game at cards. 

Braid, v.t. to retch, to vomit. 

Brake, n. a fern. 

Branded, adj. mixed red and black. 
Applied to the colour of a beast, the 
hairs of the coat of which are of 
both colours thoroughly intermingled. 

Brand-fire-new, adj. quite new. 

Brandlin', n. a species of trout. 

Brandling, n. a worm found in old 
manure or tanner's bark. 

Brandreth, n. an iron tripod fixed 
over the fire, on which a pot or 
kettle is placed. A.S. brandred, a 
branding iron, a gridiron. [bread. 

Brandy-snap, n. a brittle wafer ginger- 

Brang, pret. of To bring. 

Branlins, n. See Brandling. 

Bran-new, ) adj. quite new. Du. 

Bran-span-new, \ brandt-niew. 

Brant, adj. steep, difficult of access. 
S.G. and Sw. brant, steep, O.N. 
brattr, N. bratt. 

Brash, n. (1) a rush with great impetus 
into or against anything. (2) An 
impetuous person. (3) A rash or 
eruption. [This word is, it would 
seem, nearly related to breach, break. 
Comp. Brashment. Ed.] 

Brash, n. a sudden rising of acid or 
acrid matter from the stomach into 
the mouth, as in heartburn. [O.E. 
braky n, " to caste or spewe." Pr. Sw. 
brdkka se, Dan. broekke sig, Germ. 
sich brechen, to be sick, to vomit. Ed.] 

Brash, v.i. to run headlong at, to do 
anything hastily or rashly ; as, " I 
brashed at it "=I attacked it with a 
rush. Comp. W. brisiaw, to make 
haste, to hasten, Gael, bras, rash, 
impetous. See Brask, Brizz. 
11 



BR 



BR 



Brashment, n. refuse branches or 
boughs of fallen timber, fit only for 
firewood. 

Brask, v.t. to do anything hastily or 
rashly. Comp. S.G. brask, to get up 
a disturbance, Sw. braska, to rustle, 
to bustle. 

Brass, n. (1) copper coin. (2) Metaph., 
money generally ; as in the Roman ces, 
which from its primitive sense signi- 
fying copper, came to signify money, 
because the first coins were made of 
it. So of the Greek apyvpiov, silver 
generally, and thence money, cash. 

Brast, pret. of To burst. 

Brat, n. a pinafore or apron. W. brat, 
a piece, a clout, A.S. bratt, a cloak, 
Gael, brat, a mantle or covering. 

Brave, adj. fine, good ; as, "It's been 
brave weddher fer t'harrest." Du. 
bref, gentle, handsome, Fr. brave, 
fine, gorgeous in apparel. 

Bravely, adj. and adv. (1) well, in 
good health ; as, " How's t' wife ? " 
— "Bravely, thenk ya." (2) Capitally, 
exceUently. Comp. Du. braeflijck, 
handsomely. 

Brawn, n. a boar. See Braan. 

Bray, v.t. to pound, to beat, to thrash. 

Bray, v.i. to cry. 

Brazzen, adj. brazen, (metaph.) im- 
pudent. 

Bread, n. Pr. of bread. 

Bread-cratch. See Cratch. 

Bream, Pr. of broom, the plant. 

Breast-milk, n. the human mother's 
milk, as distinguished from the milk 
of animals. O.N. briosta mjolk. 

Breathing-while, n. a time sufficient 
for drawing breath, any short period 
of time, in the way of an interval. 

Breck, v.t. to break. Comp. S.G. 
brcecka. " To breck a matter up "= 
To tell out what had been kept secret. 

Breck, n. (1) a breaking or fracture. 
(2) Metaph. a quarrel, commotion, or 
violent fracas, a rupture. W. breg, a 
rent or breach, Sw. brack, a rupture. 

Breddher, Pr. of brother. 

Brede, n. breadth. A.S. braid, Dan. 
brede, Du. breedte. 

Breed on, v.i. to be like unto, to re- 
semble. See Brade or Braid. 

Breet, Pr. of bright. 

Brek. See Breck. 

Bren, v.t. to burn. O.N. brenna, ardere, 
flagrare, S.G. braenna, and brinna, 
Sw. branna, to burn. 
12 



Brere, n. a briar. A.S. bra?r, brer. 

Bresken up, v.i. to grow lively. 

Brest, ) v.t. and i. (pret. brast, pp. ' 

Brust, ) brossen), to burst. O.N. 
bresta (pret. brast, p.p. brostinn), to 
burst, to break. S.G. brista. 

Bretches, Pr. of breeches. 

Breyad, Pr. of braid, the Northumb, 
form of broad. A.S. breed, O.N. 
breidr. 

Breyad-band. A term applied to corn 
laid out in the field to dry, the bands 
of the sheaves having been loosed 
for the purpose. 

Breyaden, v.t. to make wider. 

Brez, v.t. to do anything energetically. 
"I brezzed away at it." W. brysiaw. 

Brickie, adj. brittle. 

Brid, n. a bird. A.S. brid, O.E. brydde. 

Bridle-sty, n. a road for a horse only. 

Brief, n. a petition. 

Brig, n. a bridge. A.S. brig, O.N. 
bryggia, S.G. and Sw. brygga. 

Briggs, n. an utensil usnd in brewing 
and in dairies to set the strainer on. 

Brightsome, adj. bright. 

Brimming, adj. applied to a sow when 
maris appetens. 

Brindled, n. streaked, variously coloured. 

Brisket, n. the cartilaginous part of 
the breast of a calf or other slain 
animal. W. brysced, Gael, brisgein, 
Pr. brechet. 

Brissle, v.t. to scorch. 

Briw, Pr. of brew. 

Briwse, Pr. of bruise. 

Briwt, Pr. of brute. 

Broach, v.t. to tap. "Broach a cask 
or barrel." 

Broasen, a form of the p.p. of brest 
or brust. 

Brob, ) n. small bushy sticks or branches 

Brog, ) of trees, used to mark the tithe 
stouks of corn or the lots of hay- 
grass when on sale, etc., or to pre- 
vent the netting of game. Also used 
to mark the passage across the sands 
of Morecambe Bay. 

Brock, n. the cuckoo-spit insect. " To 
sweat like a brock " is a common 
simile applied to any one in a profuse 
state of perspiration. 

Brock, n. a badger. W. broch, Gael. 
M. and A.S. broc, Dan. brok. 

Broddle, v.t. to make a hole, or to goad. 

Brokken, Pr. of broken. " It's nobbut 
brokken wed'Ser" = The weather is 
only showery, and so unfit for far 1 - 1 - 



BR 



Br- 



ing operations, such as haymaking, 
reaping, ploughing, etc. Comp. Dan. 
brokken. 

Brossen, p.p. of To brust. 

Brott, n. short broken straws shaken 
out or separated from the larger and 
more useful straw. Comp. S.G. brot, 
a bursting asunder, A.S. ge-brotu, 
fragments. 

Brotta, n. a few drops, a small quantity, 
a little in addition. " I'll tak a brotta 
meyar " = I will take a few drops [or 
a small piece] more. 

Brown -leemers, n. ripe hazel-nuts, 
which, from being perfectly ripe, 
slip readily from their husks. See 
Leemers. 

Browt, Pr. of brought. 

Bruff, adj. blunt, consequential or 
rough in manners. 

Bruffling-fellow, n. a blunt, conse- 
quential fellow. 

Brunsel, v.i. to be pompous and as- 
suming. 

Brush, n. thorns put upon the top of 
a wall. 

Brush-harra, n. a bush-harrow. 

Brussle, v.t. to scorch, to dry. "They 
wor brussling their shins befoor 
t' fire." Fr. brusler, to singe, to 
scoroh. 

Brust. See Brest. 

Brust, n. the breast. O.Fris. brust. 

Buck. Said of the hare and rabbit 
when maris appetens. 

Buckle to, v.t. (1) to marry. (2) To 
set to a thing. (3) To harness a 
horse to a carriage or cart. 

Budge, v.i. to move off, generally un- 
willingly. 

Buff, n. a ribbon or tape bow. 

Buft, n. (1) the joint of the knee or 
elbow. (2) A ribbon bow. See Buff. 

Bullace, ) n. a large sloe {Prunus insi- 

Bullas, ] titia, Linn.). W. bwlas, 
winter sloes, bullace, Gael, bwlaistear. 

Bull-finch, n. a name occasionally ap- 
plied to a chaffinch. 

Bull-heeod, n. a tadpole. 

Bull-jumpings, n. a kind of porridge. 

Bull-neck. " To tumble bull-necks " == 
To place the head on the ground 
between the feet and tumble over. 

Bulls, n. the transverse bars of wood 
into which the teeth of the harrows 
are set. 

Bulls-and-Cows, n. the flower of the 
Arum maculatum. 



Bull-seg, n. a bull castrated after 
having arrived at maturity. 

Bull-spink, n. the chaffinch. 

Bull-stang, n. the dragon fly. 

Bully, n. the champion of a party, the 
the eldest male person of a family. 

Bully-frog, n. a small fish, with a large 
head, found under stones in brooks ; 
the bull-head. 

Bullyrag, v.t. to banter, to rally in a 
contemptous manner. 

Bully-rags, n. a noisy boaster, a va- 
pouring fellow. 

Bum, ) n. the follower or assist- 

Bumbailly, ) ant of a sheriff's officer 
who gives bond to his superior for 
the due execution of his office. 
Hence he was called a bound-bailiff, 
and provincially a bund-bailly, a term 
contracted into bum-bailly to avoid 
the three consecutive consonants. 
(See Blackstone's Commentaries). 

Bum-fiddle, n. a bass-viol. 

Bummin', n. a humming. Du. bommen, 
to rumble a drum. 

Bummle, v.i. to blunder. 

Bummle-bee, n. a humble bee. 

Bump, v.t. to beat. 

Bump, n. a blow. 

Bump, n. a bittern ; also the booming 
noise it makes. W. bwmpy gors, a 
bittern. 

Bumping, adj. large. 

Bumping, n. a mode of punishment at 
schools. See Bam. 

Bumpy, adj. uneven. 

Bund, pret. of To bind. 

Bunden, adj. bound. 

Bunnel, n. a dried hemp-stalk. " Pey 
streea 's allowed to be fodder, but 
hemp bunnels is good to nowt." 

Burr, n. a halo round the moon. 

Bush, n. the inner circle of the nave of 
a wheel that encloses the axle-tree. 

Busk, n. (1) a bush. (2) A small piece 
of coppice wood. S.G. buske, under- 
wood, Sw. buske, Dan. busk, brush, 
shrub, Ital. bosco, Fr. bosquet, a 
thicket. 

Busky, adj. woody, bushy. Lat. boscus. 

Buss, n. a kiss. Comp. W . and Gael. 
bus, a lip, S.G. puss, osculum, Sw. 
puss, smack, kiss. 

Bussert, Pr. of buzzard. 

Butch, v.t. (1) to do the office of a 
butcher. (2) To follow the business 
of a butcher ; as, " He used to be a 
farmer, but he butches now." 
13 



BU 



CA 



Butter-and-bread. Instead of bread 
and butter, as in most other places ; 
as also " Cheese and bread." 

Butter-fingert, adj. said of persons 
who are apt to let things fall. 

Butter-keyak, n. a slice of bread and 
butter. "No, thank ya hes lost 
many a good butter-keyak." 

Butter-mouthed, adj. said of persons 
who are afraid to speak out plainly. 

Buttershag, n, a slice of bread and 
butter. 

Butter-teeth, the two middle incisors 
in front of the upper jaw. 

Buttery, n. (1) a pantry. (2) A dairy. 
Comp. Du. botteleyre, a buttery, a 
larder, W. bwtty, a buttery. 

Butting, n. an abutting end of a fence. 

Buttockt. "I buttockt him" = I threw 
him over my hip in wrestling. 

Butts, n. (1) the headlands of a field. 
(2) Corners of the field. 

Butty, n. (1) a companion, a friend. 
(2) An unfair player. 

Buxom, adj. sprightly, blithe, active, 
good-humoured. A.S. bocswn, obe- 
dient. This word has evidently di- 
verged from its original meaning in 
this part of the country. 

Buzz, v.t. to empty a bottle of wine in 
carousing. 

Buzzard, n. (1) a moth. (2) A coward. 

By, prep, of, or relating to. " I knaa 
nowt by him but weel." 

By, n. a by place. "By or dark corner." 

By far, adv. much. 

By gog. A vulgar oath. 

By Jen = By St. John. 

By-neyam, n. a nickname, a soubriquet. 

By- wipe, n. an indirect sarcasm. 



&j pr - 0fc0ld - 

Caakered, adj. applied to clogs, or 

wooden-soled shoes, and implying 

shod with iron. 
Caakers, n. iron tippings at the toe 

and heels of clogs. Comp. Lat. calcar, 

the heel. 
Cabbage, n. the head (boy's term). 
Cabbish, Pr. of cabbage. 
Cackle, v.i. to babble. Du. kakelen, to 

prate. 
Caddie, v.t. to attend officiously on 

any person or thing. 
14 



Cade, n. an animal brought up by hand. 

Caff, n. chaff. A.S. cef, Du. kaf. 

Caffle, v.i. to cavil. O.N. kaf a, to scoff 
absurdly, Dan. ki&vle, to wrangle or 
squabble. 

Caheeing, n. loud laughter. 

Cail, n. a quay. 

Cained, adj. having a white scum or 
filament at the top ; of liquid in the 
state called mothery. 

Cale, v.t. to throw stones or sticks. 

Call, n. a peculiar sighing in the air, 
apparently at a distance, and said to 
indicate an approaching storm. 

Callet, n. a scold, a drab. Comp. Fin. 
kelitti, a tattler or babbler, N.Fr. 
caillette, a ninny, a noddy, Fin. keletin, 
lingua celere multum et vana loquor, 
blatero, N.Fr. cailletage, gossiping, 
idle talk. 

Calletin, adj. pert, saucy, gossiping ; 
as, A calleting housewife = a regular 
confirmed scold. 

Callierd, n. a hard stone. 

Cam, n. (1) a ridge, hedge, or old 
earthen mound. (2) Top stones set 
at an angle of about forty-five de- 
grees on the top of a wall leaning 
against each other. A.S. camb, a 
crest. 

Cam, Pr. of comb. 

Cam, v.t. to comb. 

Camerel, n. a gambrel, or crooked piece 
of wood used by butchers for hang- 
ing up and expanding the legs of a 
slaughtered animal. Gael, cam id., 
W. combren, crooked stick, horizontal 
piece of timber for hanging meat. 

Camerel-houghs, n. the joints of the 
hind legs by which animals are hung 
by aid of the camerel. 

Cample, v.i. to contend or argue per- 
tinaciously or saucily. Comp. A.S. 
and Du. campian, to fight, contest, 
Sw. kamp, conflict, contest, kampa, 
to contend. 

Camstans, n. the stones which form 
the coping of a wall. 

Can, n. a milk-pail. 

Canker, n. rust. 

Cankered, adj. ill-natured, peevish, 
cross, ill-conditioned. 

Cannle, Pr. of candle. 

Cannlemas, Pr. of Candlemas. 

Canny, adj. pretty, good, neat, well- 
made, clever. It is used generally 
in a sense of commendation. 

Cant, adj. pert or lively. 



CA 



CH 



Cant, v.t. to set upon edge, to raise 
one end of a barrel so as to cause 
the contained liquid to run more 
freely. Du. cant, side, edge, Germ. 
kante, kanten, O.N. kanta, marginare, 
kantr, ora, latus, Sw. kanta, to 
border, to edge, Dan. kante. 

Canty, adj. cheerful, chatty. 

Cap, v.t. to overcome, to excel, to puzzle 
any one, to surprise. O.N. kappi, 
a champion, Dan. kappes, to enter 
into or be in a contention, kap, con- 
tention, Sw. kappi. See Cample, 
which is a cognate word. 

Cap, v.t. to mend shoes at the toe, by 
putting a patch or quasi cap over 
them. 

Caper- cousins. A term implying that 
those to whom it is applied are held 
to be intimate friends. 

Cap-paper, n. a coarse and porous sort 
of light brownish paper. 

Capper, n. (1) a person or thing that 
excels. (2) A feat not to be sur- 
passed. See Cap. O.N. kappi, heros, 
athleta, Dan. kappes, to vie with. 

Capple, v.t. to patch shoes on the upper 
leather. 

Caps, n. the hoodsheaves of corn-shocks. 

Caps and Sheds. " It caps and sheds 
all ; " i.e. it exceeds anything very 
much. 

Capt, adj. to be set fast, to be in a 
difficulty, or overcome in an argu- 
ment. 

Car, n. a species of gig to hold four 
persons, who sit sideways. 

Carder, n. a card-player. 

Carding, n. playing at cards. 

Cark, n. care, anxiety. Comp. A.S., W., 
and Gael, care, Fin. karkia, harsh to 
the palate or touch. 

Carp, v.i. to call in question with small 
reason. Cf. O.N. karpa, to snarl at. 

Carr, n. a swampy field. O.N. kjorr, 
ker, a marsh, a piece of marshy land, 
S.G. kcerr, id., N. kjerr, Dan. kcer. 

Carren, Pr. of carrion. 

Carriage-silver, n. a rent paid in Cart- 
mel before land was enfranchised in 
lieu of carrying-service due to the 
Lord of the Manor. 

Cart- heck, n. the moveable part which 
closes the back of a cart. 

Cart-reyack, n. the ruts or traces 
made by a cart's wheels. 



Cart-saddle, 



the saddle which is 



placed on the shaft-horse of a team. 



Case, v.t. to skin an animal. 

Cassen, p.p. of to cast. See Kessen. 

Cast, v.t. (1) to throw down ; as, " To 
cast a horse," to throw him down, for 
any purpose for which the animal is 
required to be in a lying position. 
(2) To drop its young prematurely ; 
of a cow, mare, etc. (3) To add up 
a sum. 

Cast, p.p. of To cast. (1) Warped, bent, 
twisted from a rectilinear form. (2) 
Thrown down and unable to rise 
again ; of sheep especially, but also 
of other animals. 

Cat, n. a small wooden ball used in 
the game of Bandy-cat. 

Catcht, p.p. of To catch. 

Catchwater, n. a species of drain or cut. 

Cater, adj. affable, on good terms with 
one's companions. 

Cat-gallows, n. a boy's game, consist- 
ing of jumping over a stick laid hori- 
zontally on two others set upright in 
the ground. 

Catmallison, n. a cupboard round the 
chimney in farm houses. 

Catterwauling, n. courting, or rather 
rambling and intriguing in the night. 

Catty, n. (1) the game of Bandy-cat. 
(2) A crooked stick used to strike 
the knor with in the game of Catty 
or Bandy. 

Causey, n. a causeway. 

Caw, n. a rocky cliff inhabited by 
jackdaws, as ' k the Caws" in Dunner- 
dale fells. 

Cawn, p.p. of To call. 

Cep. See Kep. 

Cess, n. a projection; as, "Cess of a 
cop or fence." 

Chae, Pr. of chew. 

Chaff, v.t. to irritate by provoking 
words. 

Chaffs, n. jaws, chops. [Dan. kj&ve : 
note the difference between Dan. 
kjaft, O.N. kjaft, kjapt, Sw. kaft, 
and kjceve, as illustrated in en kjaft 
har to kjcever : one mouth has two 
chaffs. Ed.] 

Chalk- white, adj. quite white. 

Challenge, v.i. When hounds first find 
scent and give tongue they are said 
to challenge. 

Chammer-lye, n. fetid or stale urine. 

Chance-barn, ) bastard 

Chance-child, } n ' a ba&tarcL 

Chang, n. a ringing noise, as the musi- 
cal barking of a pack of hounds. 
15 



CH 



CH 



Chap, n (1) a customer ; one willing 
to buy anything you have to sell. 
[O.N. kaupi, Sw. kopare, Dan. kjdber, 
Prov. Sw. ko'pe, a purchaser, buyer. 
The O.N. and Prov. Sw. words are 
nearly approached by this form. Ed.] 

Chap, n. (1) a general term for a man. 
"Niwer ye mind that chap." (2) A 
woman's lover or husband. [O.N. 
kjaptr, Dan. kjceft, Du. kaft, a jaw, 
chap. Comp. the Dan. and Prov. 
Sw. idioms depending on the same 
application of the word ; as, ikke en 
kjaft, never a person ; hvor evige kaft, 
every individual soul ; hii f amis infn 
kaft hajm, there wasn't a soul to be 
found in the house. Ed.] 

Char, v.i. to mumble and grumble, to 
mutter in a discontented way, to 
chide. 

Char, v.i. to work at occasional jobs. 

Chass, Pr. of chase. 

Chatter, v.t. to tear, to make ragged, 
to bruise. 

Chatter-basket, ) n. an incessant 

Chatter-box, ] talker. 

Chattered, p.p. bruised. 

Chatter-pooak, n. a noisy prating 
fellow. 

Chats, n. small refuse sticks that have 
fallen from trees ; also the catkins 
of maple and other trees. Comp. 
Fr. chattons, the catkins of nut-trees. 

Chaw, Corr. of chew. 

Chean, Pr. of chain. 

Cheaz, Pr. of chose. 

Checks, ) n. a game played by 

Checkstone, ) children with round 
small pebbles or knuckle bones. 

Cheeks. See Door-cheeks. 

Chennel, Pr. of channel. 

Chepster, n. a starling. 

Cherry, adj. ruddy. 

Chesfat, n. a machine in which the 
whey is pressed from the curd in 
making cheese. A.S. cysefat, N.Fris. 
■fat, a vat or barrel, O.N. fat, vas, 
cujuscunque generis, Sw. fat. 

Chesput, Corr. of chesfat. 

Chig, ) v.t. to chew. Comp. M. 

Chiggle, ] chaign, did chew, O.N. 
tyggja, mandere, manducare, Dan. 
tygge, to chew, to masticate. 

Childer, n. children. 

Chill, n. a cold taken. 

Chirp, v.i. to chirp as young chickens do. 

Chimley, Corr. of chimney. 

Chin-clout, n. a sort of muffler. 
16 



Chincough, n. the hooping-cough. 
Chine, n. the backbone or spine of an 

animal. W. cefn, Breton, kein, back, 

N.Fr. echine, chine. 
Chip, v.i. to trip or strike one's foot 

against some obstacle in walking. 

Connected with Sc. chap, to strike. 
Chip, v.i. to break or crack. An egg is 

said to chip when the young bird 

cracks the shell. Du. kippen, to 

hatch or disclose the young bird. 
Chirp-up, v.i. to cheer up, to recover 

from a state of sickness. 
Chist, Corr. of chest. Comp. Gael. 

ciste, M. chishtey. 
Chit, n. a forward child. 
Chit, chit ! interj. a call to a cat. W. 

titu, puss, cat (in fondling language) . 
Chitter, v.i. to chirp. 
Chitterlings, n. part of the giblets of 

a goose. 
Chitty-beam, ) n. the piece of timber 
Chitty-balk, ] which binds together 

the principal posts in a roof. 
Chitty-feyaced, adj. baby-faced. 
Chizel, ) v.t. to cheat, to overreach, to 
Chizzle, ) overcome. 
Choomer, Pr. of chamber. 
Chock, n. a piece of wood. 
Chock, adv. completely ; as, " Chock 

full, full up to the very top. Swab. 

schoch, a heap, g'schochet voll, full 

to overflowing, heaped measures. 

(Wedgw.) 
Chop, v.t. to exchange or barter. 
Chopped, adj. frost-bitten ; of the 

skin when cracked by exposure to 

frost. 
Chops, n. the face about the jaws. 
Chowl, 11. a jaw. 
Chownder, v.i. to grumble long, angrily 

and unpleasantly. 
Chozsen, chosen. 
Chub, v.t. to throw. 

Chuck, | ii. a hen ; a word to call 
Chuckie, ) hens ; a term of endear- 
ment. 
Chuckers, n. pieces of lead used to 

play at pitch and toss with. 
Chuckle-headed, adj. stupid, thick- 
headed. 
Chulling, ii. a state of exhaustion ; 

applied to sheep after long and vain 

struggling. 
Church-town, a village near the church. 

The town of Cartmel was formerly 

called Church - town, or Cartmel 

Church-town. 



CH 



CL 



Churn-milk, n. butter-milk. Du. kerne- 
rnelch. 

Churring, n. the noise made by a 
partridge at rising. 

Cinder, v.i. anything having the pro- 
perty of binding or uniting itself by 
the application of heat is said to 
cinder. 

Cinder-peat, n. a, peat or turf of a 
grey colour. 

Ciss, n. the herb cicely or whiteweed. 

Civil-will. See All-in-the-well. 

Claa (Pr. of to claw), v.t. to scratch. 

Clack, n. noisy prate, a woman's tongue. 

Clack, v.i. to prate noisily. O.N. Haka, 
garrire, clangere. 

Clag, v.t. to stick, to adhere as clay 
does. A.S. cloeg, clay, Dan. Hceg, 
loam. Manx, slaghagh, how miry. 

Claggy, adj. miry, sticky, glutinous. 
See Clag. 

Clake (a as in father), v.t. to scratch. 

Clam, v.i. to starve for want of food, 
to be very thirsty. Dan. clemme, to 
pinch, O.N. klemma, to contract, 
Goth, klammen, to pinch. 

Clam, pret. of To climb. 

Clam, n. clamminess, any adhesive, vis- 
cous matter. 

Clam, n. a kind of shell-fish. 

Clame, v.t. to apply paste, to smear 
any glutinous matter, over paper or 
other object. 

Clame up, v.t. to paste or stick up, as 
an advertisement or handbill. 

Clammersome, adj. clamorous. 

Clamper, v.i. to tread heavily, making 
a great noise in so doing. Sw. Mam- 
pig, clumsy. 

Clamps, n. pieces of iron at the end of 
a fire-place, andirons. 

Clannish, adj. with a strong attach- 
ment to one's own blood or party. 
Gael, clann, offspring, children. 

Clap, v.i. to sit or squat down ; as, 
"Clap ye down theyar" = Sit down, 
or take a seat, there; "T' yaare 
clapp't "=--The hare sat down. 

Clap, v.t. to pat. O.N. klappa, to 
stroke, touch softly, to caress. 

Clap, ) n. cow's dung. W. clap, a 

Cow-clap, ) round piece, clapio, to 
make a lump. 

Clap-benny, an action taught to in- 
fants yet in their nurse's arms, to 
clap their hands as the only means 
they have of saying their prayers. 

Clap-breead, n. cake made of oatmeal, 
c 



rolled thin and baked hard. Dan. 

klappebrod, thin cakes beaten with 

the hand. 
Clapper, n. the tongue — especially 

when too voluble. 
Clapping-post, n. the smaller of a 

pair of gate-posts, against which the 

gate closes. 
Clart, v.t. to daub, to besmear. 
Clarty, &dj. daubed, besmeared, miry, 

slippery, sticky. Comp. S.G. lort, filth. 
Clash, v. t. to throw anything carelessly 

down, or bang it about. 
Clashy, adj. wet, sloppy. 
Clat, v. t. to tattle, to tell tales. 
Clat, n. a tell-tale. 
Clatch, n. a brood of chickens. DaD. 

klekke, to hatch, O.N. klekja. 
Clate (a as in father), n. tiresome prate. 
Clatter, n. noise, idle talk. A.S. clat- 

rung, anything that makes a noise, 

Gael, gleadhraich, loud noise, rattling. 
Clatterin', n. the act of making a noise, 

Comp. Gael, gleadhran, a rattle. 
Clauw, n. a flood-gate in a watercourse. 

W. clwdd, a dyke, an embankment ; 

Lat. claudo. 
Clavver, ) v.i. to climb, clamber. Dan. 
Clevver, ) Havre, to clamber, scramble. 
Clavver, Pr. of clover. Du. Haver, 

three-leafed grass, clover, Fris. Haver. 
Claw ho'd, v.t. to seize or snatch. 
Clea, Pr. of claw. Comp. A.S. clea or 

cleo, N. Fris. He. 
Clean oneself: To wash, dress, and 

arrange one's toilet. 
Clean, adv. entirely ; as, " to abolish 

clean? 
Cleaning n. the after-birth of a cow. 

A.S. clcensung, a cleansing, purifi- 
cation. 
Cleat (Pr. of cleat), n. a piece of 

wood attached to another piece to 

strengthen it ; also a piece of iron 

worn on shoes by country people. 
Cleath, Pr. of cloth. 
Cleave (Pr. of cleave), pret. cleyov; 

pp. clown. 
decking, n. a chicken newly-hatched ; 

as, "As leet as a decking" = as light 

as a chicken. 
decking, adj. said of a she-fox when 

maris appetens. 
Cleg, v. to cling, to climb. 
Cleg, n. the horse-fly (CEstrus equi. 

Linn.). Dan. Hceg. 
Cleugh, n. a rocky glen ; sounded 

strongly guttural. See Heugh. 
17 



CL 



CL 



Cleverboots, n. a clever person, gene- 
rally in a satirical sense. 

Clue ' \ n ' a k a ^ °^ thread or worsted. 

Cleyath. See Cleath. 

Cleyathe, Pr. of clothe. 

Cleyaz, Pr. of clothes. 

Click, v.t. to snatch or seize hastily. 

Click, n. a blow. 

Clicketting, adj. : applied to a fox 

when maris appetens. 
Cllm, v.t. and *. to climb ; pret. clam, 

pi. clum, p.p. clom. A.S. climban, 

pret. clamb, pi. clumbon, p.p. clomben. 

Du. Mimmen, pret. eta or cfoa 
Climmer, %. a climber. 
Clinch, v.t. to confirm an improbable 

story by a bold statement, possibly a 

false one. 
Clink, ) n. a hard blow. Du. Minche, 



Clinker, j a box on the ears. 

Clinker, n. a bad sort of coal. 

Clinks, ) n. crevices amongst the bare 

Clints, } rocks of a limestone moun- 
tain. Comp. S.G. and Sw. Mint, top 
of a mountain, a rock, Dan. Mint, a 
cliff. 

Clip, v.t. to shear sheep, to cut with 
scissors. S.G, Mippa, Dan. Mippe, 
to clip or cut. 

Clip, v.t. to clasp close, to embrace. 
A.S. clyppan, to clasp, to embrace. 
(2) To hold together by means of a 
screw, or an instrument called a clip. 

Clip, n. an instrument or article em- 
ployed to hold things together, as, 
" a letter-clip." 

Clipp'd and heeled. " Ready clipped 
and heeled" = prepared to fight, like 
a cock when about to be set fighting. 

Clish, ) 

Clish-ma- clash, > n. idle discourse. 

Clit-clat, ) 

Clit-clat, n. a great talker, a tell-tale, 
a blab. 

Clitter- clatter, n. a great noise. 

Clo, n. a claw or talon, nail of the hand 
or foot. O.N. Mo, S.G. Sw. and Dan. 
Mo, a claw. 

Clo, v.t. to scratch. O.N. hid, fricare, 
S.G. and Sw. Ma, Dan. Moe, to 
scratch, claw. 

Clock, n. a general name for a beetle. 
0. H. G. chuleich, scarabasus. See 
Black-clock. 

Clock, n. the downy head of the dande- 
lion when in seed. [Probably due to 
the children's amusement of blowing 
18 



off the seed to see what o'clock it is, 
the number of puffs required being 
taken to indicate the hour. Ed.]. 

Clock, v.i. to make the noise a hen does 
when about to sit. A.S. cloccan, to 
cluck, "W. clocian, to cluck as a 
hen. 

Clock, ) n. the clucking of a hen or 

Clockin', ) noise made by her when 
she wants to sit. 

Clock-hen, n. a clucking hen. Du. 
Mock-henne. 

Clod, v.t. to throw stones. A.S. clud, 
a stone, Gael, clod, to pelt with clods. 

Clogs, n. a sort of shoes ; the upper 
part composed of strong leather, and 
the sole of wood. 

Clog-wheels, n. wheels formerly in use, 
made all in one piece, and not run- 
ning round the axletree. 

Cloo, n. See Clough. 

Clooas (Pr. of close), adj. secret, re- 
served, selfish. 

Clot-head, n. a blockhead. Dan. Mods, 
a log or block ; hence, fig. a lout, a 
loggerhead. 

Clott'red, adj. clotted, coagulated. Du. 
Moteren, to curdle, or grow thick. 

Clough (Pr. Cloo), n. a ravine or narrow 
glen, a cleft in the side of a hill ; as 
in "Windy clough;" "a girt ugly 
clough." A.S. clough. 

Clout, n. (1) a speck, pa^ch, a rag, a 
piece or fragment. (2) A piece of 
cloth. (3) A heavy blow. W. clwt, 
A.S. clut, Gael, clud, M. clooidor, 
glooid, O.N. Mutr, pannus, S.G. Mut, 
Sw. and Dan. Mut. 

Clout, v.t. to beat, to give a blow. 

Clovv'n, Pr. of cloven. 

Clow, n. a floodgate. See Clauw. 

Cludder, ) v.t. (1) to pile up into heaps. 

Clutter, ) W. cludeiriaw, to pile up, 
cinder, a heap of anything, (2) v.i. 
"To cludder togither"=To get to- 
gether in a heap. 

Cludder, n. a heap ; as, " 0' of a 
cludder" = All of a heap. 

Cludderin', n. a going together into 
heaps. 

Clum {pret. pi. of Clftn). See Cllm. 

Clump, n. a lump, a mass. S.G. Mump, 
massa. 

Clunter, v.i. to walk clumsily. Du. 
Monteren, to become lumpy. 

Cluntering, adj. clumsy ; noisy : — 

" My buckskin britches I put on, 
My clunterinig) clogs to seyav my shoon." 

—Old Ditty. 



CL 



CO 



Clutter, v.i. to come in a hasty or con- 
fused manner. 

^jpr.ofcall. 

Co, v.t. (1) to abuse by calling names. 
Comp. O.N. kallsa, vituperare, calum- 
niari, contumeliose loqui de aliquo. 
(2) To proclaim or give notice by the 
public crier, or by an auctioneer at a 
sale. 

Coaf (Pr. of calf), pi. coaves. 

Coaf-licked, adj. having a tuft of hair 
on the forehead which cannot be 
made to lie in the same direction as 
the rest. 

Coaken, v.i. to strain in vomiting ; to 
make the noise a person does when 
choking. 

Coaley (Pr. of colley), n. a species of cur 
famous for its sagacity. 

Coant, Pr. of cannot. 

Coave, Pr. of calve. 

Cob, n. (1) a small round loaf, a lump 
or piece. (2) A leader or chief, the 
bully or best fighter in a parish or 
school. 

Cob, v.t. to beat or surpass, also to pull 
the hair. W. cobiaw, to beat, to 
thump, to form a top or tuft. To 
cob over a person, is to crow over him. 

Cobble, n. a loose round stone. 

Cobble, v.t. to pelt with stones (derived 
from the noun in the same manner 
as "to stone" is from "stone," n.). 

Cobby, adj. (1) brisk, lively, in high 
spirits. (2) Tyrannical, set up, proud. 

Cob-coals, n. large pit coals. 

Cock-booat, n. a small boat attached 
to a ship or vessel. W. cwch, any 
round vessel, a boat, S.G. kogg, a 
species of boat in use formerly, Du. 
kogg he. 

Cock-caling, n. a barbarous custom of 
throwing stones at cocks at Shrove- 
tide. 

Cocker, v.t. to indulge, to spoil. 

Cocker, n. a cock-fighter, a feeder of 
fighting-cocks. 

Cockety, adj. lively, vivacious, pert. 
Comp. Dan. kjcek, hardy, pert, Germ. 
keck, A.S. cue, cucen, alive, quick. 

Cockins, n. cock-fighting (obsolete). 

Cockle, v.i. to be unsteady and easily 
shaken. 

Cockle, v.i. to wrinkle. 

Cockier, n. a gatherer of cockles. 

Cockles, n. a name for the plant darnel. 
At a certain stage of its growth it is 



said to be cockled ; that is, when the 
seed-vessels are formed or forming — 
in the vernacular, when it "shapes for 
seed." A.S. coccel, M. yn choggyl. 

CocHeyf ' j ad ^ UIlstead y- 

Cocklin(g), part, gathering cockles. 

Cockloft, n. a garret. 

Cock-o'-my-thumb, n. a little diminu- 
tive person. 

Cock-o'-th'-middin, n. a presumptuous 
fellow in his own circle. 

Cock-penny, n. a customary payment 
formerly made to masters of schools 
at Shrovetide. 

Cocks, To fight, is a children's game, 
played with the tough tufted stems 
of the ribwort plantain. One holds 
a stem, and the other strikes on it 
with another, the object being to 
strike off the seed-head of the an- 
tagonist's stem. [The prov. Sw. 
name for the plant itself is kampar 
(champions), from a like use of the 
seed-stems. Dean Eietz, the author 
of a most admirable Prov. Sw. Glos- 
sary, just published, states, in a 
private letter to the editor, that he 
has met with a Prov. E. kemps, with 
like meaning. The 1ST. name also for 
the plant is kjempe or kampe-grces. Ed.] 

Cock-web, n. a cob-web. 

Cod, n. a pod, as a pey- or peis-coa?, a 
pea-pod. A.S. codd, a small bag, W. 
cod, a bag or pouch. 

Coddle, v.t. to embrace, Corr. of 
cuddle. 

Coddle, v.t. to indulge or spoil with 
warmth, to parboil. 

Cogglin-bone, n. the hip-bone of a cow 
or bullock, from which steaks are cut. 
O.N. koggul, a knuckle or joint. 

Coids, Pr. of quoits. 

Coil, n. noise, tumult. 

Coke, n. (1) the core of an apple. (2) 
The interior or core-part of a horn, 
the pith of wood, etc. 

Cold-fire, n. fuel duly placed in a grate, 
and made ready for lighting. 

Collier, n. a preparer or maker of char- 
coal in coppice wood, a charcoal- 
burner. 

Collogue, v.i. to confederate together, 
generally for an unlawful purpose, to 
converse secretly. N.Fr. colloque, a 
colloquy, conference. 

Collop, n. a rasher of bacon, a slice of 
flesh. O.Fr. colp, to cut off. To 
19 



CO 



CO 



cut to collops is to inflict a violent 
castigation with whip or cane. But 
comp. S.G. kollops, edulii genus, 
confectum ex carnis segmentis, Sw. 
kollops, slices of beef stewed. 

Collop-Monday : the name applied to 
the Monday before Shrove-Tuesday, 
on which it is usual for the children 
of the poor to go from house to 
house to beg collops of their richer 
neighbours. 

Com, pret. of come. 

Com, n. a clay marble. W. com, a 
curve, a round. 

Come. " It will be ten years come 
August "= It will be ten years when 
August has arrived. 

Come-back, n. a name given to the 
guinea fowl, from its common cry, 
which sounds like the words " Come 
back." 

Corned, pret. of To come. 

Come-in, v.i. to surrender, yield. 

Come-on, v.i. (1) to grow, to improve. 
(2) To succeed, to follow. 

Come-over, v.i. to cajole. 

Come-thy-ways, n. come forward, gene- 
rally spoken with kindness. "Go 
your ways ; " a mode of dismissal. 

Comical, adj. ill-tempered. 

Coming-round, n. the act of recover- 
ing from sickness, or of returning to 
friendly feelings. 

Comins, n. the sprouts formed by 
barley in process of fermentation for 
malt. (Isl. keima, germinare. Jamie- 
son.) 

Commoney, n. the most common kind 
of clay marble. (Boys' term.) 

Con, Pr. of can. 

Con, v.t. to learn, to know. A.S. con- 
nan, to know. 

Con, v.t. to ply, or study diligently ; of 
a task or lesson. 

Con, n. a squirrel. Cf. W. cont, a tail. 

Confloption, n. confusion. 

Conivers, n. the kidneys of a beast. 
[A curious form. Comp. Germ. 
nieren, the kidneys, O.N. nyra, Sw. 
njure, Dan. nyre, Clevel. inear, Crav. 
neer, Northumb. ear. Ed.]. 

Connily, adv. adroitly, j>rettily. 

Conny, adj. (1) pretty. (2) Used as 
an augmentative ; as, " a conny lot " 
= a considerable quantity. 

Consait, v.i. to think or suppose, to 
imagine, to suspect. Corr. of con- 
ceit. 

20 



Consait, n. (1) a fancy or opinion. (2) 
Good opinion. (3) An ingenious device. 

Consarn, Corr. of concern. 

Const er, Pr. of construe. 

Contrairy, v.t.to go against, vex, oppose. 

Cony, n. a rabbit. 

Cony-garth, n. a rabbit-warren. 

Cooach, Pr. of coach. 

Cooal, Pr. of coal. 

Cooam, Pr. of comb. 

Cooarse, Pr. of coarse or course. 

Cooats (Pr. of coats), n. petticoats. 
Gael, cota, a petticoat. 

Cook, v.t. to disappoint, to punish. 

Coom, n. a confined valley. W. cwm, a 
valley or dale. Black Coom, a moun- 
tain in Cumberland, which, however, 
may take its name from a deep hol- 
low in its east side. 

Coop, n. a hollow vessel made of twigs 
for taking eels. 

Coop. Come up ! addressed to horses. 

Coort, Pr. of court, a yard. 

Coot, n. the water-hen. 

Cooter, Pr. of coulter. 

Cooth, n. a cold caught by a cow or 
horse. [Cf. A.S. co% disease. Ed.]. 

Cop, v.i. (1) to be saucy. (2) v.t. "To 
cop up a fence "= To set up a fence. 

Cop, n. (1) a mound or bank. (2) The 
raised earthen part of a fence in 
which the thorns are planted. (3) 
The top or summit. W. copa, the 
top of anything, the summit, AS. 
cop or copp, O.Fris. hop, koff, Du. kop. 

Coping, n. the stone covering or upper- 
most course of a wall. 

Copped. See Copt. 

Coppet, adj. saucy, impudent. 

Coppy, ) n. a small stool, generally a 

Copy, \ three-legged one. 

Coppy, n. a coppice. 

Copt, adj. (1) convex. (2) Set up, filled 
with conceit. A young person who 
gives himself the airs of an older or 
grown up one is called Copt. Comp. 
Du. koppign, self-willed, Fin. kopia, 
set up, arrogant, whence also kopeus, 
pride, conceit, and kopeen, to be con- 
ceited, or set up. 

Copy, n. a walled inclosure in which a 
bull is kept. 

Cordwainer, n. a shoemaker. 

Corf, n. (1) a basket for raising coals 
from the pit. (2) A kind of basket 
used by fisherman. Du. korf, a 
basket or pannier, O.N. karfa, korf, 
Sw. korg, a basket, Dan. kurv. 



CO 



CR 



Corker, n. (1) anything large. (2) A 
poser, a silencer. Du. caulker. 

Corlew, Pr. of curlew. Cf. N.Fr. corlieu. 

Corley, Pr. of curly. 

Corn, n. oats. " He can't carry corn " 
is an expression applied to one who 
is too much elated by prosperity. 

Cornish, Pr. of cornice. Comp. N.Fr. 
corniche. 

Corran-berries, ) w. currants, red, white, 

Corrans, ] or black. 

Corri-cooam, Pr. of curry-comb. 

Corse, Pr. of curse. 

Cortens, n. curtains, hangings. W. cor- 
tyn, M. gurtan. 

Cot, n. a man who interferes in the 
kitchen, a molly-coddle. Fin. kotinen 
(from kota, domus vilior), domestic. 

Cote, n. (1) a village, an isolated farm- 
house ; as, Beaument-cote, Roose-cote, 
etc. (2) A small building set apart 
for any special purpose ; as, Peat- 
cote, a house or place to put peat or 
turf in ; Salt-cote, a place where salt 
was wont to be made on the sea- 
shore. A.S. c6te, a house or cottage, 
S.G. hate, /cote, a hut or cottage, Fin. 
kota, Jcoti, an abode, place of residence. 

Cotter, v.i. to become entangled. 

Cottered, adj. (1) entangled. (2) Co- 
agulated. 

Cotterel, n. (1) a small iron wedge for 
securing a bolt. (2) The small round 
iron plate between the nut of a screw 
and the wood to which it is screwed. 

Cotton, v.t. (1) to beat or thrash. (2) 
v.i. To assent or agree to. 

Cou', )v.t. (1) to rake or scrape to- 

Coul, ) gether, as dirt or dung in 
cow-houses. (2) To clean roads by 
scraping them. 

Coud, Pr. of cold. 

Coul-rayack, ) n. a scraper for scraping 

Cou'-rak, ) roads or a cow-house. 

Coup, n. a dung-cart, a small cart. 

Coup, v.t. to exchange. Goth, kaupon, 
O.N. kaupa, mercari, emere, Sw. 
kopa, to purchase. 

Coup-cart, n. a dung-cart, a small cart. 

Coupraise, v.t. to raise by levers or 
wedges. 

Cow, v.t. (1) to intimidate. (2) To 

keep in subjection. 
Cow-clap, n. cow-dung. 
Cowed, adj. a cow without horns is 

called cowed. 



Cowed, adj. intimidated, reduced to 

submission. 
Cower, v.i. to stoop low, to crouch 

down by bending the hams. Comp. 

Fin. kowerran, to bend or bow. 
Cowert, Pr. of coward 
Cow-gripe, n. a gutter in a cow-stall 

to carry off the drainage. 
Cowl. See Cou'. 
Cow-lady, n. the lady-bird. 
Cow-quake, n. damp, cold weather in 

spring. 
Cow-scarn, ) n. cow-dung. O.N. skarn, 
Cow-sharn, \ dung. 

Cowt, n. a colt. To "shoe the cowt" 
is a quaint expression for the de- 
manding of a contribution from a 
person on his first introduction to 
any office or employment. 

Cow- tee, Pr. of cow-tie, a strong rope 
used to fasten the cow's hind legs 
while milking. 

Coz, Corr. of because. 

Craa, Pr. of crow, as a cock does. 

Craa, Pr. of craw. 

Craa, n. a crow, a rook. AS. craw, 
Du. kraye. 

Craa-feet, Pr. of crow-feet, wild hya- 
cinths. 

Craal, Pr. of crawl. 

Craam, n. an instrument with three 
curved prongs, used by cocklers to 
take cockles with. Du. kramme, a 
hook, grapple, or crook. 

Crab, n. a potato-apple. 

Crack, v.i. to boast. 

Crack, v.t. to curdle. 

Crack-brained, adj. flighty. 

Cracked, adj. crazy. 

Cracker, n. a small water-biscuil 

Cracks, n. (1) an act of superiority. 
" I'll set you your cracks." (2) Any- 
thing to boast of. " He's neya girt 
cracks" '= He is nothing to boast of. 

Cradda, n. any lean animal. Gael. 
craidhneach, a skeleton, a meagre- 
looking person, a lean, gaunt figure. 

Craftly, adv. knowingly, prudently. 

Crafty, adj, (1) skilful, ingenious ; of 
persons. (2) Skilfully made ; of 
things. 

Crag, n. a rough steep rock, as Warton 
Crag (S.L.), or Dhu Crag (N.L.). W. 
craig, Gael, creag, cragan, a little 
rock, M. creg. 

Cram, n. a lump of food. 

21 



CB, 



CU 



Cramlble, v.i. to hobble or creep. 

Crambly, ) adj. and adv. lame, stiff, 

Crammelly, j moving with difficulty ; 
awkwardly. " T' horse nobbut gaaes 
crammelly this morninV' 

Cramd, adj. ill-tempered, crusty. 

Crammle, v.i. to crawl on the hands 
and knees. [pucker. 

Cramp, v.t. to contract, crumple, or 

Crancn, n. (1) a great eater of unripe 
fruit. (2) Unripe fruit. 

Crancn, v.t. to grind between the teeth, 
to crush any gritty substance. 

Cranky, adj. ailing, sickly. Du. kranck, 
sick, A.S. crane, weak, near death, 
O.N. krdnlcr, S.G. kranck, Sw. krank, 
sick. 

Cratch, n. (1) a kind of barred wooden 
frame, upon which sheep are shorn, 
pigs killed, etc. (2) A frame strung 
with cords and suspended horizon- 
tally below the ceiling to hang riddle- 
bread on. See Fleak. 

Crayed, adj. foolish, insane. 

Creak, Pr. of crook. 

Cream, v.i. to froth or curdle. 

Crean, v.i. to bellow and make a noise, 
as a bull. Du. kreunen, to complain 
or moan. Probably a mere phonetic 
form of Croon. 

Creaw, did crow, pret. of To crow. 

Cree, v.t. (1) to knock off the beard of 
barley with an iron instrument made 
for the purpose. (2) To seethe, to 
steep in warm or hot water. 

Creecny, adj. sickly, ailing. 

Creel, n. (1) a frame to wind yarn upon. 
(2) A fisherman's basket. (3) A 
barred stool on which sheep are 
salved and clipped, pigs are killed, 
etc. Du. kriel, a basket used by fisher- 
men to carry fish in on their backs. 

Creeper, n. a louse. A.S. creopere, a 
creeper, a reptile. 

Creepings. "I'll gi tha t' creepi?is"— 
I'll make thee tremble or shiver. 

Cremp, adj. hard, brittle, crumbling ; 
as bread or cake of that quality. 

Crewds, n. the measles. 

Crewel, v.t. to cover a ball or other 
object with particoloured worsted 
worked in a peculiar manner. 

Cried-down, adj. reprobated ; " Cried 
up and cried down." 

Cried-up, adj. much praised. 

Cring'l-crang'l, "1 

Crinkle-crankle, Vadv. zigzag. 

Crinklety-cranklety, J 
22 



Crinkle, v.t. (1) to rumple or crease up. 
(2) To bend under a weight. (3) v.i. 
To recede or shrink from a promise 
or purpose. Comp. Du. krinkelen, to 
bend, to wrinkle, O.N. kringil-yrdi, 
a shuffling, a beating about the bush, 
S.G. krongla, to go round about, to 
shuffle. 

Crippan, n. a crupper. 

Crob over, v.i. to tyrannize. 

Crock, n. an old ewe. 

Crock, v.i. to set up the back. 

Crone-berries, n. whortle-berries. 

Croodle, v.i. to crouch, to cower ; a 
phonetic form of Cruddle. 

Crook, n. a chain ending in a hook or 
hooks, in a chimney, for hanging 
pans, etc. on. 

Croon, v.i. to roar or bellow, as cattle. 

Crope, pret. of To creep. 

Croppen, p.p. of To creep. 

Cross-bated, adj. chequered. 

Cross-buttock, v.t. to get an opponent, 
in wrestling, into such a position 
as to be able to throw him over 
the hip. 

Cross-buttock, n. "To give one a cross- 
buttock " is to treat him as above. 

Cross-the-buckle, n. a peculiar and 
difficult step in rustic dancing. 

Cross-vein, n. one vein of ore crossing 
another at right angles. 

Croup, n. a disease in poultry. 

Crow, n. an iron gavelock, or small bar 
for leverage purposes. 

Crowd, n. a fiddle. 

Crownation, Corr. of coronation. 

Crowner, Corr. of coroner. 

Crown-post, n. in building, the princi- 
pal post that stands upright between 
the principal rafters. 

Crud, n. curd ; by metathesis. 

Cruddle, v.i. (1) to curdle, to coagu- 
late. (2) To crouch down. 

Cruel, used as an augmentative ; as, 
"Ow^fine," "Cruel smart," etc. 

Crake, n. (1) a crook. (2) A bill-hook. 
A.S. cruc, a crook, W. crwg, a crook 
suspended to a crane over the fire for 
hanging kettles and pans upon. 

Craken, v.t. to bend, to turn anything 
out of a right line. 

Crumpled, adj. twisted, crooked. 

Cramply, adj. wrinkled. 

Crunch, v.t. to crush. 

Crapple, Pr. of cripple. 

Cubbert, Pr. of cupboard. 

Cuckoo, n. a simpleton, a dolt. 



cu 



DA 



Cuckoo - bread - and - cheese, n. the 

wood-sorrel. 
Cuckoo-spit, n. the white frothy mat- 
ter seen on certain plants in the 

spring. 
Cud, Pr. of could. 
Cuddle, v.t. (1) to fondle, to embrace, 

to press to the bosom. (2) v.i. To 

lie closely. 
Cummer, v.t. to encumber. 
Cummersom', adj. burdensome, apt to 

impede. 
Cummins. See Comins. 
Cumpany with, To keep ; to have 

intercourse as a pair of lovers. 
Cumpany-keeper, n. a lover. 
Cunderth, Pr. of conduit, 
Cun thanks, To, to give or render 

thanks. 
Curb, v.t. to bend, to check. 
Curly-pow, \ , , ad 

Curly-pate, J n ' a curly neacL 
Curran-berries. See Corran-berries. 
Cush, cush ! inter j. a call to cows when 

petted. N.Fris. /cuss, kus, a call to 

attract cows. 
Cushat, n. a wood-pigeon. A.S. cusceote, 

a ringdove, perhaps from cusc, chaste, 

from the proverbial fidelity of the 

bird. 
Cush-love, interj. a term of endearment 

used to a cow. 
Cushy-cow-lady, n. (1) the ladybird 

{Goccinella septem-punctata, and G. bi- 

punctata). (2) A long hairy caterpillar. 
Cuss, Pr. of kiss. Comp. W. cus, N.S. 

cus, Du. kus, O.N. koss. 
Cut, n. a canal or artificial watercourse. 
Cuts, To draw. To draw lots by draw- 
ing one of several pieces of paper 

cut to different lengths. W. cwtws, a 

lot, M. chut. 
Cutten, p.p. of To cut. 
Cutter, v.t. to whisper. G. kuttem, to 

whisper slily, S.G. huttra, to prate or 

chatter. 
Cutterin, n. cooing like a pigeon. Sw. 

huttra. to coo. 



Daab, Pr. of daub. 

Daaf, n. dough. 

Daan, Pr. of dawn. O.N. 

Dab, adj. dexterous, clever, apt at a 

thing. 

Dab, ) n. one who is expert at 

Dab -hand, ] anything. 



Dacity, n. sharpness, handiness, ac- 
tivity. 
Daddle, v.t. to support a person in his 

tottering gait. 
Daddy-long-legs, n. the long-legged 

spider. 
Danish, adj. shy, modest. 
Daft, adj. stupid, foolish, weak-minded. 
Daftlike, adj. foolish. 
Dafy, adj. soft, foolish ; as if like dough, 

which is sometimes pronounced doff, 

or douf. 
Daffydowndilly, n. a daffodil. 
Dag, v.i. and v.t. (1) to drizzle. (2) To 

trail or dirty in the mire, to bedaub, 

to daggle. 
Daggle, v.i. to trail in the dirt. 
Daggly, adj. wet, showery. 
Dainty, adj. pleasant, neat, trim. 
Daised, ) adj. benumbed and almost 
Deased, ) rendered insensible by cold. 

O.N. dasaz, to be exhausted, be- 
numbed by exposure. See Des'd. 
Daker, n. a dispute, an argumentative 

conversation. 
Daker-hen, n. the corn-crake. 
Dale, n. a lot or share ; as, a bracken 

dale, a peat dale, a meadow dale, a 

dale in a common field. 
Dall, v.t. "Doll me if e don't." A petty 

oath. (A modification of damn). 
Daly, adj. lonely, solitary. A form of 

Dowly. 
Damming and lading, incurring one 

debt to pay another. 
Damper, n. a luncheon. 
Dander, v.i. to hobble, to walk saun- 

teringly or idly about. 

EaSH^ng child. 

Dandy-cock, ) n. a fowl of the Bantam 

Dandy-hen, ] breed. 

Dank, adj. moist, damp. 

Dannet, n. an idle, good-for-nothing girl. 

Dar, v.i. to dare. 

Dark, v.i. To eaves-drop. 

Dark, for bets, To. To listen in silence 
to the arguments or reasons of two 
contending parties, and eventually to 
espouse the side of those who clearly 
have the best of it. 

Darkening, n. twilight. 

Darnel, n. the plant Lolium perenne. 

Darrat. "Od darrat ta," a sort of 
veiled oath, the same as "Od rot." 
It is sometimes used without the 
"od,"as " Darrat ta." 

Darter, adj. active. 

23 



DA 



DI 



Dart-girse, n. dart-grass {Holcus la- 

natus). 
Dash, v.t. to abash. 

Dately, adv. daily. Corr. of Daytaly. 
Dave, v.t. to assuage, mitigate, or relieve. 

S.G. dofwa, to benumb or deaden, 

Sw. dofva, to mitigate, to alleviate. 
Daw, Pr. of dow. 
Dawdles, n. a slattern. 
Dawly. A phonetic form of dowry. 
Daytal-man, n. a day labourer who is 

paid by the day, as distinguished 

from one paid by the week or month. 

O.N. daga-tal, computus dierum, 

Dan. dagetal, day by day. 
Daytal-wark, ) n. work done by the 
Day-wark, J day, not let. 
Dazed, adj. of a dun colour. 
Dazz, v.t. (a moderated imprecation). 

"Dazz it, I can't get it out ;" " Its 

a dazzed wet day." 
Dea, Pr. of do. 
Dead-horse, To pull the ; is to work off 

a debt or an arrear. 
Dead lift, To be at a: To be in a 

situation of peculiar difficulty, when, 

as far as one can see, one is in a state 

of hopeless helplessness. 
j)ea£,adj. blasted, unproductive, whether 

applied to land or to ears of corn. 

S.G. dauf jord, unproductive land, 

A. S. deaf. 
Deaf-nut, n. an empty nut, or a nut 

without a kernel. 
Deal (Pr. of deal), to distribute. M.G. 

dailjan, A.S. dailan, to divide, to 

distribute. 
Deam (Pr. of dame), n. mistress, wife. 
Dearned, adj. benumbed, torpid from 

the effects of cold. 
Deaul, Corr. of devil. 
Deaw, Pr. of dew. 
Deck, n. a pack (of cards, namely). 
Deck, v.t. (1) to cast a card (at cards) 

and take a trump in its place. (2) 

To cover. " I decked his king wi my 

ace," i.e. covered and took it. 
Dee(a)-wark, n. day's work. O.N. 

dagverk, Fin. dagsverki. 
Deed, n. doings. 
Dee, Pr. of die. 
Deet (Pr. of dight), v.i. to dress and 

make one's toilet. 
Deet, v.t. to dirty. 
Deft, adj. neat, dexterous. A.S. dafte, 

convenient, mild. 
Deftly, adv. quietly, softly. A.S. daft- 
lice, conveniently, fitly. 
24 



Deg, v.t. to moisten with water, to 
sprinkle. O.N. doggva, to moisten, 
bedew, S.G. and Sw. dagg, dew. 

Deggy, adj. drizzly, foggy. 

Delve, v.i. to dig. A.S. delfan, O.Fris. 
delva, Du. delven. 

Dem, (Pr. of dam), v.t. to stop water. 
A.S. demman, O.Fris. demma. 

Dem in, v.i. to collect as clouds do. 

Deod, Pr. of dead. 

Deoth, Pr. of death. 

Des, v.t. to chill. 

Des'd, adj. chilled during the time of 
incubation ; of eggs. 

Despret, Corr. of desperate, and used 
as a strong augmentative, in the 
sense of very, exceedingly. 

Dess, n. (1) a pile, a heap. (2) A truss 
of hay. 

Dess, v.t. (1) to lay close together, to 
pile in order. (2) To cut a section 
of hay from a stack. 

Devilment, n. roguery, mischief (some- 
times of a sportive kind). 

Devil's darning-needle, n. the dragon- 

%• 

Devil's snuff-box, n. the puff-ball. 

Devil-squeaker, n. the swift. 

Dewberry, n. the dwarf mulberry, the 
fruit of the Rubus chamamiorus. 

Deyal, Pr. of deal, the wood. 

Deyal, Pr. of dale. 

Dib, n. a dip. 

Dib, v.i. to dip or incline. 

Dicky, n. "It's all o' dicky wi' him" = 
he is done up, ruined. 

Didder, v.i. to shiver, to tremble. 

Didderin'-girse, n. quaking grass. 

Dig, v.t. to start a badger. 

Dight, adj. decorated, arrayed, dressed. 
A.S. dihtan, to prepare, set in order, 
dispose, dyhte, arranged. 

Dike, v.t. to make fences or ditches. 
AS. dicia?i, O.Fris. dika, S.G. and 
Sw. dika, to dig a ditch, to ditch, 
Dan. dige, to dike, to raise a dike. 

Dike, n. a ditch, a fence, a hedge. A.S. 
die, a mound, a bank, a ditch, Du. 
dijek, a ditch or bank, Gael, dig, a 
ditch, a drain, O.N. diki, S.G. and 
Sw. dike, a ditch to draw off water, 
Dan. dige, a ditch, or foss. 

Dike-watter, n. the stagnant water of 
a ditch or dike ; as, 'As dead as dike- 
watter;" said of beer, etc. that has 
become flat. « 

Dike-back, n. the sides of the earthern 
cop of a thorn fence or hedge. 



DI 



DO 



Diker, n. a hedger or ditcher. A.S. 
dicere, Du. dijcker, Gael, dlgeir. 

Dikin', n. the act of ditching. A.S. 
dicung. 

Dilly, n. a small public carriage. Cor- 
rupted from Pr. diligence. 

Ding, v.t. (1) to throw violently, 
to dash down. (2) To compel, 
to master. O.N. dengia, tundere, 
Dan. dcenge, S.G. and Sw.danga, to 
bang, to thump. (3) To impress by 
means of noisy reiteration, to beat 
into. 

Ding. A moderated imprecation. 

DiSI-drhfe, J adv ' in good earnest. 

Dinge, v.t. to dint, to bruise, to make 
a hollow. O.N. dengia, tundere, Dan. 
dcenge, S.G. and Sw. danga, to bang, 
to thump. 

Dingle-dangle, v.i. to dangle loosely. 
Sw. dingla, to dangle, Dan. dingle, to 
dangle, bob, swing to and fro, S.G. 
dingldangl, said of pendulous or 
swinging objects. 

Dinner-time, n. noon or mid-day. 

Dirdam. See Durdum. 

Dirl, v.i. (1) to tingle, or thrill with pain, 
the sensation being the result of a 
blow or other violence. (2) To move 
quickly. 

Dirler, n. a light-footed, active per- 
son. 

Disannul, v.t. to do away with, to 
remove. 

Disgest, Corr. of digest. 

Dish- clout, n. a dish-cloth. 

Dish-faced, adj. hollow-faced. 

Dishweisher, n. a scullery-maid. 

Ditch, v.t. to make a ditch or moat. 

Ditch-back, n. a fence. 

Dither, v.i. to tremble, to shake. 

Ditherin'-girse. See Didderin'-girse. 

Divvel, Pr. of devil. 

Divvling, n. the swift. 

Do, n. an entertainment. 

Doant, Pr. of do not. 

Dobbin, n. a half-pint glass for ale. 

Dobby, n. an apparition, a ghost, a 
spectre. 

Dockin, n. the dock, Genus Rumex 
(Linn.). If a person is stung with a 
nettle, a certain cure is said to be 
performed by rubbing dock leaves 
over the affected part, repeating the 
following charm very slowly, "Dockin 
in, nettle out ; dockin in, nettle out," 
for about ten minutes. 



Dodded, ^1 adj. without horns, said of 

Doddy, > a cow ; as, " She's a dodt 

Dodt, J an ; " " 111- willy cow is 
always a doddyP 

Dodder, v.i. to shake or tremble, to 
shudder. 

Dodderin(g)-girse. See Didderin'- 
girse. 

Doddle, v.i. to totter, to walk un- 
steadily. 

Dodge, v.t. (1) to jog, to incite. (2) 
To follow in the track of a person or 
animal. (3) To try to cheat. 

Doff, v.t. to do off, to undress. 

Doff, Pr. of dough. 

Dog, n. a partial rainbow : 

"A dog at night 
Is the farmer's delight,"— 

since it is considered to be the har- 
binger of fine weather. 

Dog, n. a toaster of wood or iron made 
in the form of a dog. 

Dog-cheap, adj. excessively cheap. 

Dog-daisy, n the field daisy. 

Dogger, n. a small fishing ship. 

Dog-trail, n. a trail hunt. 

Dog-tree, n. the alder. 

Dog-whipper, n. a church beadle. 

Doit, n. a small Dutch coin, valued 
at about half-a-farthing. " I hevn't a 
doit to pay him wi," i.e. the smallest 
coin. Du. duyt. 

Dole, n. grief, sorrow. Gael, dolas, woe, 
grief, mourning. 

Dole, n. (1) a piece of heath or com- 
mon, off which only one person has 
a right to cut fuel. (2) Money, bread, 
etc. distributed to the poor. A.S. 
dcelan, to divide, distribute, or dole, 
O. Fris. dole, a present. 

Dolly, n. (1) a washing-tub. (2) A 
washing beetle worked with both 
hands. 

Dolly, n. a slattern, a slut. 

Dolly, v.t. to wash linen, etc. with the 
dolly-legs. 

Dolly-legs, n. an implement with five 
or six legs for washing. 

Doly. A form of Dowly. 

Don, v.t. and i. to do on, to dress. 

Don'd, p.p. dressed. 

Donk, ) adj. damp, moist, humid ; 

Donky, f "It's nobbut a donlcy day." 

Donks, It, v.imp. It falls damp ; as, 
" It donks and it dozzles" = It damps 
and drizzles. 

Door-cheeks, n. the side-posts of a door. 

Dorst, Pr. of durst. 

25 



DO 



DE, 



Dossel, n. a small quantity, a bit or drop. 
Dot, n. a small lump. 

Sfughter, | P '' ofdau 8 hte - 

Double, v.t. to shut up ; of the fist, or 
of a person, in the sense of over- 
powering him in argument. 

Doubtsome, adj. uncertain as to an 
event. 

Douf, n. a little cake. 

Douk, v.i. to duck or stoop the head. 
Gael, dowcio, to dive, S.G. duka, to 
sink down. 

Douker, n. a water-bird. 

Douse, v.t. to duck or plunge into water, 
also to throw water in quantity upon 
any one ; for instance, by pailsful. 

Dou-tarn. ) The name of a tarn or 

Dow-tren. \ pond near Carke, in 
North Lonsdale (always black and 
dirty, hence perhaps its name). 

Dow, v.i. to prosper, to mend. "He 
nayder dees ner dows." " He's nowt 
at dow " = He is nothing that is good, 
or no great shakes ; where at is the 
sign of the infinitive mood, and at 
dow gerundial. S.G. doga, A.S. 
diilite, did good. 

Dow (pr. doo), adj. gloomy ; as, "Dow 
Cray in Coniston fells." W. Du, 
gloomy, G&el. dhu, M.doo, black, dark. 

Dowel, v.t. to fasten planks together 
with a wooden pin or plug. 

Dowliness, n. solitariness. 

Dowly, adj. melancholy, lonely. Ap- 
plied to a person it signifies melan- 
choly ; to a place, lonely. " A house 
is dowly without a man in it," O.N. 
ddlegr, wretched. 

Down, v.t. and i. (1) to knock down. 
(2) To faU. 

Down, adj. (1) sickly, poorly. (2) Dis- 
consolate, cast down. 

Down-come, n. a depression or down- 
fall, as a fall of rain, a fall in the 
market. 

Down-foe (Pr. of downfall), n. a fall of 
hail, rain, or snow. 

Down-liggin(g), n. (1) an accouche- 
ment. (2) Going to bed. " Frae 
up-rising to dovmligging " = From 
morning to night. 

Down-pour, n. a very heavy rain. 

Dozzle, v.i. Pr. of drizzle. 

Draa, Pr. of draw. p.p. Draan. To 
draa in, to withdraw, to retire. 

Draa-beas, n. cattle collected together, 
bought at, or taken to fairs. 
26 



Draal, Pr. of drawl. 

Draap, ) v.i. to drawl in speaking, to 

Draat, ] speak slow and monoto- 
nously. 

Drabbed, adj. splashed with mud. 

Drabbet, v.t. a moderated imprecation ; 
an abbrev. of 'od rabbet. 

Draff, n. grains of malt after brewing, 
with which cows and swine are fed. 
Gael, drabh, refuse, draff, A.S. drabbe, 
dregs, lees, M. drow, the malt after 
the beer is extracted, O.N. draf, 
Dan. drav, dregs, lees, grounds, S.G. 

• and Sw. draf. "The civil sow gets 
all the draff." 

Drag, n. (1) a heavy harrow used for 
breaking clods in stiff land. (2) An 
instrument with iron prongs for 
drawing weeds out of ditches, or 
dung out of carts. 

Drake, (1) n. a kind of curl, when the 
ends of the hair only turn up, and 
all the rest hangs smooth. (2) Darnell 
grass. 

Drape, n. a cow whose milk is dried 
up (or only comes by drops). Pro- 
perly an adjective. 

Drat, v.t. a moderated imprecation. 

Draught, n. a team of horses in a cart 
or waggon, both collectively taken. 

Draup, v.i. to drawl in speaking. See 
Draap. 

Dreadful. Used augmentatively, in the 
sense of very much. 

Dreap. See Draap, Draup. 

Drearisome, adj. very dreary. 

Drede, Pr. of dread. 

Dree, adj. long, tedious, wearisome. 
Dan. dr'bj, lasting, Sw. drbja, to delay, 
M. dree, tedious, slow, O.N. drcegia, 
S.G. and Sw. drbja, delay, loitering. 

Dree, v.t. to suffer, to endure. A.S. 
dreogan, to suffer, to undergo. 

Dree, v.i. to last, endure in point of 
time. [O.E. drechen. dreg en, to last. 
Ed. J " To dree out" = To hold out. 

Dreeam, Pr. of dream. 

Dreely, adv. slowly, tediously. 

Dress, v.t. (1) to beat. (2) To scold. 
(3) To prepare or clean anything, to 
cleanse it from refuse, to adorn, to 
set anything upright, or put it in its 
proper place, to cultivate land. " To 
dress a horse " is to clean it . 

Dressin(g), n. (1) a beating. (2) A 
scolding. " I gev him a gud dress- 
in "= I gave him a good dressing. 
(3) Emaciation from disease. 



DR 



EA 



Dreyav, Pr. of drove. 

Dribble, v.i. (1) to drizzle, or rain 

slowly. (2) v.t. To deal out sparingly. 
Drinkin(g), n. beer or milk given to 

farm labourers between the principal 

meals. (2) A meal between dinner 

and supper. 
Drip, n. snow. "As white as drip" = 

As white as snow. Comp. O.N. dript 

or drift, newly driven snow. 
Drip-white, adj. perfectly white, as 

white as snow. O.N. drifthvitr, 

white as driven snow. 
Drive, v.i. to procrastinate ; as, " Don't 

drive that wark while to morn " = Do 

not put that work off until tomorrow. 
Drive pigs, To=To snore. 
Dro-beas, n. cattle collected together 

in a drove. See Draa-beas. 
Drone, n. a lazy fellow. 
Droning, adj. of a lazy, indolent mode 

of doing a thing. 
Droot, adj. dry. 
Drop, n. a reduction of wages. 
Drop-dry, adj. watertight. 
Droppin(g)s, n. the dung of cattle and 

sheep, and also of birds. 
Droppy, adj. wet, rainy. 
Drucken, adj. drunk, tipsy. O.N. 

druchinn, Dan. drukken, drunk, tipsy, 

intoxicated ( p.p. of drikke, to drink), 

S.G. and Sw. drucken. 
Dry, adj. crafty, subtle. 
Dry, v.t. to wipe anything dry. 
Dry-meat, n. hay. 
Dry-wogh, n. a wall built without 

mortar. 
Du, dud, dun = do, did, done. 
Dub, n. (1) a deep pit. (2) A small 

pool of water, a puddle, a deep hole 

in a river. Gael, dubhagan, M. dhub- 

bey, a puddle, a pool. 
Dub, v. t. to cut the comb and wattles 

of a cock. 
Dubbing, n. a mixture of oil and tallow 

for making leather impervious to 

water. W. dub, mortar, cement. 
Dub-skelper, n. a horse that leaps well. 
Duckstone, n. a game played by trying 

with a stone to knock a small stone 

off a larger one which supports it. 

g^jPr.ofdoor. 

Duffel, n. a light cloth with a rough nap. 

Dulbert, n. a blockhead. 

Dule, Corr. of devil. 

Dulsome, adj. heavy, dull, 

Dull of hearing, more or less deaf. 



do not. 



Dummel-heead, n. a blockhead. 
Dummy, n. a dumb person. 
Dumpling, n. a fat dwarf. 
Dumpy, adj. (1) short and thick. (2) 

Sullen, discontented. 
Dunderheod, n. a blockhead. 
Dun-horse, To ride the. To ask for a 

debt. 
Dunna, 
Dunnet, 

Dunty, adj. stunted. 
Durable, adj. long, tedious ; as, " He's 

a durable sitter." 
Durden, ) n. uproar, hub-bub. W. 
Durdum, ) dwrdd, a stir, a noise. 
Dure-sill, n. the threshold of a door. 
Dure-stead, n. the space occupied by 

the door. 
Dust, n. (1) the small particles separated 

from the oats in shelling. (2) Tumult, 

uproar ; as, " To kick up a dust." 
Dusta? Dost thou? 



E. 



E. (1) Corr. of pers. pron. I. (2) Corr. 
of prep, i, in. 

Ea, n. (1) water (generally). (2) A river, 
the channel of the river. Kent, as 
it runs down the Lancaster Sands, 
Morecambe Bay, is called " The Ea." 
A.S. Ea, water. The river Leven 
on the Ulverston Sands, is also so 
called. The river or beck at Carke 
was formerly called " The Ea." 

Eak, n. an oak. (Ed pr. as in dear), 

Earand, n. an errand. O.N. erende, 
A.S. cerend, Dan. cerende, errand, 
business. 

Earl, Pr. of earl. 

Earles, n. earnest money. 

Ear-mark, n. a mark to know sheep by. 

Earnest, n. deposit money given to 
bind a bargain, or on hiring a servant. 

Earth, v.i. to lodge as a badger or fox 
does. 

Earth-fast, adj. said of a stone appear- 
ing on the surface, but fast in the 
earth. Sw. jordfast. 

Earth-nut, n. a pig-nut or earth-chest- 
nut. 

Easings, n. the eaves of a house. A.S. 
efese. 

Easin-sparrow, n. the common house- 
sparrow. 

Evat'h S n ' ^ orr ' °f S ^ 0L ^ or oa * n ' 

27 



EA 



EV 



n. afternoon. 



Eat out o' house an' harbour : to in- 
jure a person in his circumstances by 
partaking too freely of his hospitality. 

Eawe, n. an ewe. A.S. eaw. 

Edge, 11. the side of a hill, a ridge. 

Edge off, To, v,i. to stand aside, to 
make way. 

Edgro, ) n. aftermath. A rent called 

Etgro, ) Edgro, or Etgro rent, is pay- 
able in the Manor of Muchland, in 
Low Furness, for the pasturage of 
the aftermath. A.S. edgrowung, a 
regrowing. 

Ee, n. an eye. 

Ee ! or Eeh ! inter j. an interjection ex- 
pressive of delight. 

Een, ii. the eyes. Comp. A.S. eyne. 

Ee-seyar, Pr. of eyesore. 

Ee-teuth, Pr. of eye-tooth. 

Eever, n. the quarter from which the 
wind blows. 

~E£ter,prep. after. A.S., O.Fris., O.N., 
Dan., S.G., and Sw. efter. See At 
efter. 

Efterbirth, n. the placenta of a cow or 
other animal. Sw. efterbord. 

Efter-girse, n. after-grass. 

Efternune, 

Efternean, 

Egg, v.t. to urge on, to incite, to insti- 
gate. A.S. eggiaii, to excite, O.Fris. 
eggia, O.N. eggja. 

Egg-clock, n. the cockchafer. 

Egging, ii. urging, incitement, O.N. 
egging. 

Eggs and Collops : fried eggs and 
bacon. 

Egodlins, adv. truly. 

Eigh, adv. aye, yes. "Eigh suer"= 
Yes, to be sure, yes, certainly. 

Eigh-wye: yes, yes. 

Eish, ") 

Esch, \n. an ash. Sw. ash, A.S. aesc. 

Esh, J 

Eish-keys, n. the pods containing the 
seed of the ash. 

Elder, n. a cow's udder. 

Elders, n. parents. A.S. eldran, O.Fris. 
alder. 

Eldin, ii. Fuel or fire, firing. A.S. 
aid, yld, fire, O.N. eldingi, fuel, from 
elldr, fire, S.G., Sw., eld, Dan. ild. 

Eldst, Pr. of eldest. 

Elf, n. (1) a fairy. (2) A mischievous 
person. 

Eller, ii. the alder-tree (Betula alnus, 
Linn.). A.S. ellam, O.Fris. elren, 
O.N. elm, alnus, Dan. elle, pi, eller. 
28 



Elly-mouth, n. a bound or goal in the 

game of football. 
Else, Contr. of Alice. 
Elsin, 11. an awl. 
Elsewhiddher, adv. elsewhither. A.S. 

elleshwider. 
Elt, v.t. to knead. 
Emblements, n. profits of land, as 

grass, fruit, etc. 
End, Great : a phrase employed to 

signify a large proportion, or a 

quantity absolutely ; as, " It cost me 

a girt end of a pound " = It cost me 

nearly a pound. 
End, 'Most on (Corr. of almost on end), 

used adverbially ; continually, un- 

intermittingly. 
End, Reeght up on, used adverbially : 

perfectly upright. 
End, At a louse, used as an adv. or 

adj. : without occupation, out of 

employ. 
End, v.t. to finish, to kill. 
Endas, ) Pr. of endways ; as, " Git 



Endus, { endus wi tha" = Go along, 

improve your pace. 
Endmest, adj. endmost. A.S. ende- 

mcest. 
Enoo, adv. enough. 
Enow, adv. by and bye, presently; 

possibly a contraction of even or den 

novj. 
Entry, n. a narrow passage, a lane. 
Enty, ii. the last furrow in a rigg. 
Er : are. O.N. pi. 1, erum ; 2, enifS ; 

3, Em. Dan. pi. 1, 2, 3, ere. 

—Dr. C. Lottner in Philo. Trans., 1860, 1, p. 63. 

Erbes, n. herbs. 

Eshd, p.p. asked. Cf. Du. eysschen, to 
ask, demand. 

Eshle-tree, n. an axle-tree. Gael, aisil, 
M. essyl. 

Esk, ii. a newt. See Ask. 

Eslins, n. a salmon-fly. 

Esp, ) n. the aspen tree. A.S. asp, 

Espin, \ O.Fris. and Du. espe, O.N. 
espi, the trembling poplar. 

Ess-hole, Corr. of ass-hole. 

Esta I Corr. of hast thou ? 

Et, Corr. of at. 

Eternal, Corr. of infernal. 

Etgro. See Edgro. 

Ettle, v.i. to intend or purpose. 

Ettle, v. t. to deal out sparingly, to dis- 
tribute in small portions. 

Ev, Corr. of have, 

Evven, Pr. of even. 

Ewen-down, adj. (1) thorough, down- 



EV 



FA 



right ; as, "He threaped ma evven- 

down"=ile flatly contradicted me. 

(2) Perpendicular. 
Evven on, adv. close to the mark. 
Even-forret, ) adv. directly for- 
Evven-forward, ] ward. 
Evermaiyar, Pr. of evermore. 
Ew, Pr. of yew. 

Ex, v.t. to ask. A.S. acsian or axian. 
Ex'd out : of persons whose banns 

have been published or asked three 

times. 
Exings, n. askings, banns of marriage. 
Ey ! Will thou ! an exclamation. 
Ey, adv. aye, yes. 
Eyable, Pr. of able. 
Eyacre, Pr. of acre. 
Eyak, Pr. of oak. A.S. ac, cec, O.N". 

eyk, S.G. ek. 
Eyal, Pr. of ale. A. S . eala or ealo. 

i^^js* =%**»«"• 

Eyal'us, Pr. of ale-house. A.S. eal-htis. 
Ez, Corr. of has, as. 

F. 

Faaldin', n. the act of driving cattle 
or sheep into a fold or yard. 

Faat, Pr. of fault. 

Face, v.t. "To face one with a lie"= 
To make him believe that it is true ; 
" To face one out " = To put him 
down by positive assertions. 

Faced-card, n. an ace, king, queen, or 
knave at cards, a court-card. 

Fadder, Pr. of father. 

Faded, adj. tainted, decayed. 

Fadom, Pr. of fathom. 

Faffle, v.i. (1) to be inconsiderate in 
speech. (2) To saunter, to fumble. 

Fagnt,j^- of tofi S ht - 

Fagot, n. a contemptuous name for a 

woman. 
Fain, adj. glad, delighted, pleased. A.S. 

fagen, glad, joyful, O.'N.feginn, laetus, 

S.G. fcegen. 
Fain, adv. gladly. 
Fair, adj. level or parallel. 
Fair, adv. Used as an augmentative, 

and meaning utterly, completely, very, 

tolerably large or numerous. 
Fairly, adv. (1) softly. (2) Simply, 

completely ; as in "Fairly off' in the 

middle " = Faint with hunger. 



Fairy. "Fairy finger-marks " = Hollow 
marks in limestone, as if fingers had 
been pressed upon the stones when 
soft. 

Fall, n. yeaning of lambs. 

Fallals, n. the falling ruffs of a woman's 
dress, any gay ornaments. 

Fancical, adj. fanciful. 

Fand, pret. of To find. Of. AS. found, 
pret. of findan. 

Fantickled, adj. freckled. See Farn- 
tickles. 

Fantickles, ) freckles 

Farntickles, ) n ' lreckles - 

Far, ) adv. farther. " I'll he far if 

Farther, \ I do "=I will by no means 
do so. 

Far away, adv. by much, by far. 

Far by: compared with. "To-day's 
fine far by yesterday." 

Fare, v. i. to proceed, get on, draw nigh 
to, or seem to be beginning. " How 
dus t&fare V or, "How fares ta ?"= 
How do you go on, or do ? " She 
fares a cauving ;" of a cow when 
symptoms of calving make them- 
selves observed. 

Fares-te-weel : fare thee well. 

Farley, n. something wonderful. 

Farrantly, adj. decent, respectable. 

Farreps : a name for the devil. 

Farrest, adj. superl. farthest. A.S. 
feorrest. 

Farrish-on (used as an adj.), advanced 
in years ; also nearly intoxicated. 

Fash, n. trouble, care, anxiety, fatigue. 

Fash, v.t. to fatigue, to trouble, to vex, 
to tire. Fr./ acker, to trouble or tease. 

Fashion, n. condition of health. "He's 
of his better fashion " = In better 
than his usual health. 

Fast, adv. very near ; as, " I gev fast 
on ten pounds for her "= Very near 
ten pounds. 

Fast, adj. intimate, firmly attached. 

Fast -and -louse. A cheating game, 
played with a stick and a belt or 
string, so arranged that a spectator 
would think that he could make the 
latter fast by placing a stick through 
its intricate folds, whereas the opera- 
tor could detach it at once. Other- 
wise called " Prick in the garter." 

Father, v.t. (1) to impute a child to its 
father. Thence, (2) To impute any- 
thing, or lay it to anyone's charge. 

Fau' (Pr. of fall), a rood of lineal land- 
measure of seven yards. 

29 



FA 



FI 



Fause (Pr. of false), adj. shrewd, cun- 
ning, treacherous. 

Fauseness, Pr. of falseness. 

Faut, Pr. of fault. 

Faughter, v.t. to knock off the beards 
of barley when thrashed. 

Faughtering-iron, n. an iron used to 
knock off the beards of barley when 
thrashed. 

Fastens ee'n, the eve of Ash- Wednes- 
day. 

Faw, Pr. of fall. 

Faw-gang (Corr. of Faa-gang), n. a 
gang of rogues and beggars. (From 
Johnny Faa, a leader of rogues and 
beggars). 

Fawn, Pr. of fallen. 

Fawred, Pr. of favoured. 

Feace, Pr. of face. 

Feaig, n. a dirty, idle person, a teasing 
child. 

Feal, v.t. to hide slily. O.N. and S.G. 
fela, to hide away, Dan. fioele, AS. 
feolan, M.G.flkan. 

ESS,!"**"* 

Fearful, used augmentatively ; tre- 
mendously, greatly. 

Feather-edged, adj. of a stone thinner 
at one edge than at the other. 

Feaw (Pr. of few), n. a little in quantity; 
as, " a, feaw broth." 

February. — 

February fill-dike 

Wi' aidller black or white ; — 

i.e. with either rain or snow. 
Feckless, adj. weak, feeble, infirm of 

purpose, inefficient. 
Feddher, Pr. of feather. 
Feddher-weight, n. a wrestler not 

more than 9-g- stones weight. 
Feeding, adj. nutritious. 
Feeding-storm, n. a constant snow. 
Feek, v.i. to walk about in perplexity. 

S.G. fjdcka, to wander hither and 

thither. 
Feel, v.t. to perceive, be conscious of. 

" I feel a bad smell." 
Feffment, n. enfeofment, endowment. 
Feign, v.t. to dig turf. 
Feign, n. the top part of turbary which 

does not yield peats. 
Felfaa, Pr. of fieldfare. 
Felks, n. fellies of a wheel, which col- 
lectively form the circumference to 

which the tire is attached. A.S. felg. 
Fell, n. (1) bare elevated land, a moor, 

a hill or mountain. (2) A rocky hill. 
30 



Sw.fjall, a chain of mountains, O.N. 
fell, a small mountain, N.Fris. _/}«/. 

Fell, v.t. (1) to knock down ; applied 
in the case of man, beast, or tree, or 
anything standing upright. A. S. 
fellan, to make to fall, O.Fris. filla, 
O.N. fella. _ 

Fellon, n. a disease in cows, occasioned 
by cold, and causing great pain. 

Fellon-wood, n. the herb Bittersweet 
or Ladslove. 

Felt, pret. of To fell ; feUed. 

Felt, n. a hat. 

Fend, v.t. and i. to provide, to en- 
deavour, to make shift, to ward off. 

Fend, n. attempt to make provision. 

Fend and prove, To : to argue and 
defend. 

Fendible, adj. industrious, managing, 
provident ; as, " She's a gay fendible 
body "= She is a remarkably manag- 
ing person. 

Fendy, adj. thrifty, managing. 

Fen'some, adj. (1) adroit. (2) Neat, 
becoming. 

Fent, n. a remnant of cotton, or other 
woven fabric. 

Fest, v.t. (1) to put out cattle to grass, 
to agist at a rate per head agreed 
upon. (2) To put out to board ; as, 
" I agreed to fest mysel for ten shil- 
lings a week "=I agreed to board for 
ten shillings a week. (3) To let off 
any work, O.N./esta, to agree for a 
stipulated price, festa, a rent, Dan. 
give i faiste, to let on lease, taga i 
fceste, to take on lease ; Gael, fas- 
daidh, hire, engage. 

Fet, v.t. to fetch. A.S.fetian. 

Fetch, n. subtlety, a crafty pretence in 
order to deceive a person. 

Fetch in, To : to seize. 

Fetch up, To : to overtake. 

Fettle, v.t. (1) to repair, to set right, to 
put in order ; as, "I fettled it" = I 
made it all right. (2) To beat. See 
Fettling. 

Fettle, n. state, condition ; as, " My 
scythe's i' gradely fettle" = In right 
good condition for work ; " I ' gud 
fettle" = In good condition." 

Fettling, n. a thrashing or beating ; as, 
" I gev him a good fettling" 

Fey, v.t. to cleanse. 

Fezzan, Pr. of pheasant. 

Fidge, v.i. to kick with the feet, to 
fidget, to sprawl, to waddle. 

Fidgin', adj. uneasy, restless, impatient. 



FI 



FL 



Fierce, adj. brisk, lively. 

Fift, Pr. of fifth. 

Fig, v.t. to apply ginger to a horse to 
excite him to carry a fine tail. 

Fighting-cocks, n. the headed seed- 
stems of rib-grass, with which boys 
play by fighting with them. Comp. 
Prov. Sw. hamper, N. kjempe (cham- 
pions), names for the same objects. 

Fig-sew, n. ale boiled with wheaten 
bread and figs ; a common Good 
Friday dish. W. sew, broth, pottage. 

File, n. a name of contempt for a 
person full of low cunning. 

Filly-tails and Mares' -manes ; names 
for streaky clouds of the cirrus kind. 

Filth, n. a disreputable woman, a 
scoundrel. 

Filthy, adj. covered with weeds. 

Find, v.t. Pr. of find. 

Fine, adj. (1) considerable, good, praise- 
worthy; as, "A fine deal" = A large 
quantity; "Ay, she's a fine girl" = 
She is a good, well-behaved, indus- 
trious girl ; " It's gaan to be fine an' 
wet "= It is likely for heavy rain. 

Finely, adv. very well in health. 

Finnikin, adj. finical, trifling, scrupu- 
lously particular. 

Fire-fanged, adj. of oats or barley too 
hastily dried in the kiln. 

First end, n. the beginning. 

Firtle, v.i. to intermeddle in small 
matters, to fidget. 

Fish. " I'll net mekfish o' yan and fowl 
o' t'udder " = I will show no partiality. 

Fit, v.t. to serve out, to match, to be 
equal with. 

Fitches, n. vetches. Du. vitse, a vetch. 

Fitters, n. very small pieces, fragments. 

Fixfax, n. the thick tendon of a cow's 
or ox's neck. S.G. ficlc-facJc. 

Flaat (pret. of to flyte), scolded. 

Flaatch, v.t. to flatter, to wheedle. 

Flacker, v.i. to flutter, to quiver, to 
use the wings hurriedly as a bird 
does when taking hasty flight. 

Flagging, n. the act of covering an 
embankment or grass plot with sods. 

Flah, n. a square grassy piece of turf 
dried and used as fuel, and which 
blazes up when put on the fire. 

Flam, v.t. (1) to deceive or cheat. (2) 

To flatter. 
Flam, n. (1) falsehood. (2) Flattery, 
Flan, adj. shallow and with sloping 



or broad at the mouth and 
narrow at the bottom ; as a pan, a 
scuttle, etc. 

Flang, pret. of to fling ; as, " Hefiang 
t' staiyan" = He threw the stone. 

Flange, v.i. to project out. 

Flannen, n. flannel. W. gwlanen. 

Flap, n. a stroke or touch. 

Flap, v.t. to strike or beat. 

Flap, n. (1) the leather or valve of a 
pump. (2) A piece of anything flap- 
ping to and fro on a line or point, as 
a fiy-fiap to drive flies away. 

Flapper, v.i. to quiver, to flutter. 

Flappers, n. young birds just able try 
their wings before flying. 

Flat, n. a hollow in a field. 

Flatch, v.t. to flatter. See Flaatch. 

Flayin', n. a spectre, an apparition. 

Flay, v.t. to frighten. 

Flay, v.t. to pare turf with a breast 
plough. 

Flay-craa, n, a scarecrow, a guy. 

Fleak, n. a fluke or flounder. 

Fleak, n. (1) a species of hurdle or 
rack. [Germ, fiechten, to interweave 
or wattle, fiecht-werk, Sw. fiat-verk, 
basket-work, Prov. Sw. fiake, wattled 
hurdles. Ed.] (2) A number of cords, 
to hang riddled bread upon. A.S. 
fieax, a hairy thread, of which I have 
often seen them made. 

Fleckerin(g), n. the act of laughing or 
moving about of the lips and mouth 
in a scornful manner. 

Flee, Pr. of fly, both vb. and n. 

Fleed, p.p. fled. 

Fleet, adj. shallow, as a pan or vessel, 
or water. 

Fleet, v.t. to skim or take the cream 
off milk. A.S. fiiete, cream. 

Fleeting-dish, n. a shallow dish for 
skimming off the cream. 

Fleet -milk, ) , . -, . 71 

Flet-milk, \ n ' skimmed milk - 

Meetings, n. (1) curds. (2) Cream. 
A.S. fiiete. 

Fleuks, n. fat vermin in the livers of 
diseased sheep. Comp. Fleak. 

Flewer, Pr. of floor. 

Flick, n. a flitch of bacon. A.S.fiicce, 
Dim.fiykke, Vl.fiikke, O.N.fiicki. 

Flicker, v.i. to flutter. 

Fligary, n. a gaudily-dressed girl. 

Fling, v.t, (1) to baffle, to disappoint. 
(2) To overcome, to throw in wrest- 
ling. (3) To defraud, to cheat. (4) 
To dance in a peculiar manner. 
31 



FL 



FO 



Flipe, n. the rim of a hat. 

Flirligig, n. nondescript thing. (2) A 
wanton lass. 

Flirt, v.t. to move nimbly. 

Flit, v.i. to remove, to shift one's goods 
and furniture from one residence to 
another. 0.~N.flytia, vehere, depor- 
tare, N. Fris. fiytte, to remove out of 
one house into another, Sw. fiytta, 
to move, to remove, Dan. fiytte, to 
change one's abode. 

Flit ) 

Flitting, \ vd ' fli S ht > removal - < 

Flite, v.t. to scold. A.S. fiitan, to 
dispute, to quarrel. 

Flocks, n. down ; also, inferior wool. 

Flodder, n. foam. Fr. fiotter, to float, 
imply something light and empty, 
M. fioadran, something floating. 

Flooring, n. a brood or flight of chickens 
or other fowls. 

Flop, v.i. to walk clumsily. 

Florrish, n. blossom of fruit trees, etc. 
Lat. fioreo, to bloom. 

Flow, adj. (1) wild, untractable. (2) 
Cold, boisterous. 

Flowsy, n. a slattern. 

Fluke, n. a flounder, flat-fish. 

Fluke-mouthed, adj. having a mouth 
like a flounder or fluke. 

Flum, n. flattery, deceit. 

Flummery, n, (1) nonsense. (2) Oat- 
meal boiled in water until it is thick 
and gelatinous. 

Flurt, v.i. to snap the fingers derisively. 

Flush, adj. (1) fully feathered. (2) Fair 
or even with [artificer's term]. 

Flush, n. the hot stage of a fever. " I' 
t' flush on it " = At the height of it. 

Fluster, n. a great hurry, caused gene- 
rally by a sudden surprise. 

Flustered, adj. half-tipsy. (2) Swelled 
or bloated. 

Fluzz, v. t. to blunt. 

Fluzzed, adj. blunt and jagged at the 
point, bruised. 

Flyrin(g), n. smiling scornfully. 

Flyte, v.t. See Flite. 

Foan-out, Pr. of fallen out. 

Fob, v. t. to jerk the taw at marbles, by 
an action of the whole hand, instead 
of shooting it fairly with the thumb. 

Foddher (Pr. of fodder), v.t. to supply 
food to cattle. 

Foddhergang, ) n. a passage along the 

Fodderingang, ) heads of the booses 
in a cowhouse from which fodder is 
supplied to the cattle. 
32 



Fog, n s aftergrass, aftermath, the grass 
that comes after a crop of hay. Comp. 
foghar, the harvest, autumn, W.fwg, 
long dry grass. 

Foiled-girse, n. grass much trodden. 

Foist, v.i. to smell musty. 

Foisty, adj. musty. 

Folk, n. family, household ; as, " Our 
fowk v = Our family party or house- 
hold, collectively. 

Follow, v.t. to court, to pay addresses. 
" He ha' wedd'd her at last ; he'd 
followed her lang enouff." 

Follower, n. one who is courting a 
young woman. 

Fond, adj. stupid, silly, idiotic. Isl. 
faane, S.G. f tine, fatuus. 

Fondly, adv. foolishly. 

Foomart (Pr. of Foulmart), n. the pole- 
cat. W. ffwlbart. 

Foor, n. a furrow. A.S.furh, Du. voore, 
Sw.fara. 

Foot, n. the mark of the feet of the fox. 

Foot, v.i. to dance. "Ise gaan to foot 
it," i.e. to dance. 

Foot-gate, n. a footpath. 

Footer. See Faughter. 

Footin', n. liquor or money given by 
an apprentice to his fellows when 
entering his engagement. 

Foranent, adv. opposite to. 

For-by, adv. besides, over and above. 

Force, n. a cascade, a waterfall. O.N. 
fors, a cascade, Sw.forsa, to rush, to 
gush, fors, stream, waterfall, S.G. 
fors, a cataract. 

Force-fall, n. a waterfall in High Fur- 
ness. .N . fors-fall, a cascade. 

Forder (Pr. of further), v.t. to promote, 
advance, or further. S.G. fordra, 
promo vere, juvare. 

Fore-elders, n. ancestor. Dan. forceldre, 
OJN.forelldri, S.G. and Sw.fSreldrar, 
majores. [of a thing. 

Fore-end, n. (1) spring. (2) Beginning 

Foret (Pr. of forward), adv. forth. 

Forgatten, ) f , , 

For|itten;|^ for g otten - 

Fork, v.t. to throw or heave with a 
pitch-fork. 

Formel, v. t. to bespeak. O.N. formcela, 
diris devovere, S.G.formala, to men- 
tion, Dan. formelde, to announce. 

Formest, adj. earliest, foremost. A.S. 
formest. 

Fornace, Pr. of furnace. 

Forrad (Pr. of forward), adv. and adj. 
(1) onward. (2) More than half tipsy. 



FO 



FY 



Forseet, Pr. of foresight. 
Forsett-an-backsett : hemmed in on 

every side. , 

Fortree, n. the lighter upright bar 

of a gate, to which the staple for 

fastening is attached. See Har- 

tree. 
Foss, n. a waterfall. As Foss Forge 

in the parish of Cotton, High Fur- 

ness. O.N. foss, a cascade. See 

Force. 

Fetch, J-*- to fetch. 

Fotheram, n. an open passage along 

the heads of the stalls in a cow- 
house, from whence the cattle are 

supplied with fodder. See Foddher- 

gang. 
Foul, n. an ulcerous sore in a cow's foot. 
Fout, n. a pet, a spoiled child. 
Fower, Pr. of four. Cf. A.S.fower. 
Fower-faad, Pr. of fold-fold. 
Fowert, Pr. of fourth. 
Fra, prep. from. A.S. fra, from, O.N. 

fra, S.G./ra, Dan. fra. 
Fram, adj. brittle, tender. 
Franteckles, n. freckles. See Farn- 

tickles. 
Frap, n. noise, the noise of a cracker. 
Frap, v.t. (1) to strike. (2) To brag, 

to boast. 
Fratch, (1) v.i. to scold, to quarrel. (2) 

v.t. To shuffle or cheat in joke. 
Fratched, adj. restive, or that has 

vicious tricks in harness ; applied to 

a horse. 
Fray, v.t. to frighten, to terrify. 
Freat, v.i. to mourn, to grieve ; as, " She 

freats terbly after t' barns " = She 

frets sadly after the children. 
Free-martin, n. If a cow has twin 

calves of different sexes, the female 

calf is termed a free-martin, and is 

said never to breed. 
Freet, ) n. a spectre, an apparition, 

Free tin (g), ) a frightful object. 
Fresh, n. the swelling of a river through 

heavy rain ; in distinction from the 

tidal flood, 
Fresh, adj. (1) brisk, vigorous, quick. 
(2) Rather fat, in good condition ; 

applied to cattle. 
Freyam (Pr. of frame), v.a. to set 
about a thing, to attempt ; as, " He 

freyams weel" = He makes a good 
attempt. 
Freyaz, Pr. of fraze, pret. of to freeze. 
A.S. freas. 

D 



Fridge, v.t. to rub, to fray, to wear 
away by friction. 

Frig, v.t. to wriggle. 

Frith, n. unused pasture land. 

Froff, ) adj. loose, spongy, easily 

Fruff, ) broken. 

Frosg, ) n. a frog. A.S. frox, O.N. 

Frosk, ] frosha, rana. 

Frouzy, adj. froward, peevish, crusty. 

Frow, n. a dirty woman, a slattern. 
Du. vrouwe, a woman, wife. 

Frozzen, p.p. of to freeze. 

Frum, adj. short, applied to pastry ; 
brittle. 

Frump, v.t. to be rude to, to rebuke. 

Fry, To shoot one's, to make a last 
effort without success. Derived from 
the analogy of a female herring, 
who, having shot her fry, has done 
all she can do in the course of 
nature. 

Fud, n. the hair of a hare or rabbit. A 
gamekeeper will say, "I've gitten 
n&yderfud ner feddher to-day ; " i.e. 
no game at all, either furred or 

Fuff, n. (1) 'a puff of wind. (2) A testy 
fit of anger, a pet. 

Fuffed up, adj. swollen. 

Fuffy, adj. light, soft, or spongy. 

Full, adv. quite, entirely ; as, " Full 
ripe," of corn, apples, etc. Com- 
pounds of this word, as full-hang, 
full-hutt,^ full-s^lit, full-drive, etc., 
denote violence and impetuosity. 

Full-out, adv. utterly, to the utter- 
most ; as, " Full-out as mich" = To 
the full as much. 

Fullock, v.t. to jerk the hand and arm 
unlawfully at marbles, instead of 
shooting from the thumb-joint, with 
the hand perfectly steady. 

Full-mickle, adj. too much by far. 
O.N. fullmiUll, permagnus, 

Fummel, Pr. of fumble. 

Fummler, Pr. of fumbler. 

Fund, p.p. of To find. A.S. funden, 
p.p. offndan, to find, 0.~Fris. funden, 
O.N. fundinn, D&n.fundet. 

Fussock, n. a large gross woman. 

Fust, v.i. to mould as corn does. 

Fuzz-boe, Pr. of fuzz-ball. 

Fuzzy, adj. light and spongy, 

Fylde, n. low marshy land, as Poulton- 
m-the-Fylde. The same character of 
country about Heysham is sometimes 
called the Little Fylde. 



33 



GA 



GA 



Ga, 

Gaa, 



G. 



v.i. to go. O.N. and S.G, ga. 



Gaaby, ) n. a fool, a dolt. Cf. Dan. 

Gauby, J gaabe, to gape, to yawn. 

Gaan, p.p. of To Ga or Gaa. 

Gaein, pcpl. going. 

Gaains-on, n. proceedings. "I'll hae 
nowt ta du wi sic like gaains-on" =1 
will be no party to such proceedings. 

Gab, n. chat, great flow of words. 

Gab, ) v.i. to talk idly, to jest, to 

Gabber, ] prate. Gael, gabair, a 
chatting, talking fellow. 

Gaddher, Pr. of gather. 

Gaddin', n. the act of gossiping, going 
about idly from house to house. 

Gaed, pret. of To Ga or Gaa. 

Gaff, n. an iron hook. 

Gaffer, n. a head labourer or workman, 
a leading person, an umpire. 

Gaggle, v.i. to cackle. Du. gagelen, to 
cackle like a goose. 

Gailfat, n. the vat in which malt liquor 
is set to ferment. See Gyle-vat. 

Gaily, adj. pretty well in health, or in 
point of success. 

Gain, adj. (1) direct, near> convenient. 
O.N. gegn, over against, Sw. D. gajn, 
direct. Comp. Dan. gienvei, a short 
cut, with "It's t' gainer way oor t' 
fields."^ (2) Tractable. 

Gain, adj. advantageous, desirable, pre- 
ferable. 

Gait, v.t. to set up sheaves of corn in 
wet weather to dry. 

Gait, n. pasturage for cattle during 
summer in a common field : one gait 
being equal to maintain a cow, a 
horse is counted as two gaits, and a 
calf half a gait. 

Gaitin(g)s, n. single sheaves of corn 
set up on end to dry. 

Gale, n. wild myrtle (Myrica gale). 

Galing, adj. setting the teeth on edge 
with cold ; applied to victuals. 

Galiot, n. the oak-apple. 

Gallas, Pr. of gallows. 

Gallas-dog, n. a worthless fellow : a 
prophetical allusion to his probable 
end. 

Gallases, n. braces. 

Galloway, n. a pony : possibly so 
called from the small breed of horses 
which come from that country. 

Gallows, adv. very, excessively. 
34 



Gam, adj. crooked ; as, "A gam leg." 
W. cam, crooked. 

Gamashes, n* a sort of spatterdashes 
or short gaiters. 

Gambrel. See Camerel. 

Gang, v.i. to go. A.S. gangan, O.N. 
gdnga, M.G. gaggan. 

Gang-boose, n. the narrow passage 
from the cow-house to the barn. 

Ganger, n. a good goer ; of a horse. 
Dan. ganger, a steed. 

Gangenl, ) n. a vagrant, a vagabond, 

Gangrill, ) a pedlar. A.S. g anger e, 
one going on foot. 

Ganging, pcpl. going. 

Ganny, n. a child's name for grand- 
mother. 

Gant, Pr. of gaunt. 

Gantree, ) n. a kind of wooden frame 

Gantry, ) or stand on which beer 
barrels are placed. 

Gap, v.t. to notch, to jag. 

Gape-seed, To sow, to go sight-seeing, 
which is often an occasion to the 
young and ignorant to gape and stare 
from the novelty of the objects. 

Gar, v.t. to cause, to compel. O.N. 
gora, Sw. go'ra, Dan. giore, to do, to 
make. 

Garish, adj. wild, foolishly gay. 

Garn, n. yarn. A.S. gearn, O.N. gam, 
Sw. and Dan. garn. 

Garner, n. a granary. 

Garrets, To be wrang i yan's, to be 
wanting in intellect, or suffering from 
temporary delirium. 

Garth, n. a small field or enclosure, 
adjoining a house. A.S. geard, Dan. 
gaard, a garden. Usually a postfix, 
as Coney-garth, an enclosure abound- 
ing with rabbits, School-^ar^A, Chapel- 
garth, Kirk- garth = Churchyard, 
N.Pris. gaard, O.N. garSr, Sw. garde, 
a field. 

Gat, pret. of To get ; a word in very 
frequent use ; as, " She gat her bed 
(was confined), and sune gat about 
again ; " " T ' ship hed gitten onto t' 
rocks, an' then she was gitten off, an' 
gat into harbour ; '' " He gat away 
at last." Cf. O.N. gat, pret. of geta. 

Gate, n. (1) a way or road gone, thence 
a way, road, street, absolutely ; and 
thence, (2) Way, manner, fashion; 
as, " Gang thy ain gate." " Go thy 
gate"=- Go thy way. 

Ganger, n. an exciseman. 

Gauk, v.i. to stare vacantly. 



GA 



GI 



Gauky, n. a simpleton, a clown. 

Gauky, adj. awkward. 

Gaum, v.t. to comprehend or under- 
stand, to distinguish, to consider. 
M.G. gaumjan, to perceive, give heed 
to, A.S. gyman or geomian. 

Gaumless, adj. stupid, unobservant, 
vacant, without much sense ; as, "A 
gaumless gannet"=A great simple- 
ton. A.S. gymeleas. 

Gauntry. See Gantree. 

Gaup, n. a stupid stare. 

Gaustering, adj. imperious, dictatorial. 

Gauvey, n. a dunce. See Gaaby and 
Gaup. 

Gavelock, n. an iron crowbar, chiefly 
used for making holes for hedge- 
stakes. "W. gaflach, a javelin, A.S. 
gaveloc, a javelin. 

Gay, adj. considerable, moderately nu- 
merous or large ; as, " A gay bit " = 
A considerable piece or quantity. 

Gay, adv. considerably : as, "A gay 
fine day ;" "A gay guid an." 

Geal, v.i. to be benumbed with cold. 

Gear, n. harness, tackle of any kind, 
furniture ; as plough-^ear, cart-^ear, 
etc. A.S. gearwa, clothing, prepar- 
ation. 

Gearum, Out of (the g soft), out of 
order. 

Geb, v.i. to stare about vacantly, with 
the chin or face turned upwards. 

Gee (g soft), v.i. to agree, to suit to- 
gether. 

Gee, interj. a word of command used 
by carters to make a horse go to the 
right. N. Fris. jii. 

Gee -ho. A phrase addressed to horses 
to make them go. 

Geen, ) 

Glen,' \P-P- «"»• 

Geld, v.t. a tax or imposition. 

Geld, v.t. (1) to castrate. (2) To de- 
prive the female amongst animals of 
the power of generation. Isl. gelda. 

Geld, adj. barren ; as, "A geld cow or 
ewe "=a cow or ewe not with young 
at the usual time. O.N. geld, infe- 
cundus. 

Gelt, adj. barren or impotent. See 
Geld. 

Gem, Pr. of game. M. gamm, O.N. 
gaman, pastime, sport, game, Dan. 
gammen, to be sportive. 

Gem. See Gam. 

Gemmer, ) n. (g soft) a small hinge for 

Gimmer, j a closet or desk door. 



Gerse, n. grass. A.S., O.Fris., and Du. 
gers. 

Gerse, v.t. to graze. "To gerse out 
cattle "= To send them out to gist. 
O.N. gresia, to graze. 

Gersing, n. pasturage. 

Gersy, adj. grassy. 

Gert, ) adj. (1) great. (2) Large with 

Girt, ] child. (3) On intimate terms 
with any one ; as, " They're fearful 
girt " = Exceedingly intimate with 
each other. 

Gessling, n. a gosling. 

Getten, p.p. got. O.N. gettinn. 

Geyan, p.p. gone. 

Geyap, Pr. of gape. O.N. gapa, hiante 
ore intueri. 

Gib, n. (1) a hook. (2) A hooked stick. 
Fr. gibbeux, gibbous, crooked. 

Gibbet. " To gibbet a toad " = To place 
it on a lath or piece of wooden hoop, 
and, by striking one end, project it 
violently into the air. 

Gibble-gabble, n. idle, nonsensical talk 

Gie, v.t. to give. 

Giest, Pr. of joist. 

Gifts, n. white specks on the finger- 
nails, said to portend gifts. 

Gigly (g soft), adj. unsteady, likely to 
be upset. 

Gike (g soft), v.i. to creak. 

Gildert, n. a snare of horse-hair. O.N. 
and O.Sw. gilder, a snare, a gin, 
0. Dan. gilder, id. 

Gill, n. a narrow valley, ravine, or dell, 
usually with a small but rapid stream 
running through it. Isl. gil, hiatus 
montium. 

Gill (g soft), n. half a pint. 

Gilliver (g soft), n. (1) a wanton wench. 
(2) A gilliflower. 

Gilt, n. (1) a spayed sow. (2) A young 
female pig. A.S. gilte, a young sow, 
O.N. gilta, porca, Dan. gylt, a young 
sow. 

Gimble, v.i. to walk pigeon-toed, or with 
the toes turned inwards. 

Gimlick, Corr. of gimblet, 

Gimma, Corr. of give me. 

Gimmer, n. an ewe lamb or sheep. 
Dan. gimmer-lam, an ewe lamb, S.G. 
gimmer, Sw. gimmer, a sheep pro- 
ducing young for the first time, Dan. 
gimmer, an ewe that has not lambed. 

Gin, n. (1) an engine, contrivance. Still 

used for a trap or snare. (2) A 

wooden perpendicular axle, which 

has arms projecting from its upper 

35 



GI 



GO 



part that furnish the means of yok- 
ing a horse or horses for the purpose 
of turning it round and winding up 
a rope attached to something to be 
raised; as coal from a pit, water from 
a shaft, etc. 

Ginnel, n. (1) a hollow in which water 
runs. C£ Arm. gemot, a channel, 
Corn, gannel. (2) A narrow entrance 
or passage, a gorge. A.S. gin, a 
gaping, narrow opening, a abyss. 

Ginners, n. the gills of a fish. O.N. 
gin, a gaping, S.G. gina, to extend 
the jaws, AS. ginimi, to open, to 
yawn. 

Girdle, n. a circular plate of iron on 
which cakes are baked. 

Girn, v.i. to grin, to snarl. .N. grenia, 
to snarl, S.G. grina, M. gym, to grin. 

Girnin', adj. grinning. " I good girnin 
arnest "= In downright earnest. 

Gise (g soft), v.t. to put cattle out to 
grass at a sum agreed on per head. 
See next word. 

Gist (g soft), v.t. to agist, to pasture 
out cattle on hire. 

Gist ; used adjectively to describe cattle 
taken in to depasture at a stipulated 
price. 

Glsting, n. the agistment of cattle. 

Git, Pr. of get. "Is ta gaaen to git 
deead ?"=Is thou going to die ? 

Gitpenny, n, an old term for a play that 
turned out profitable. 

Git, n. offspring, stock. " It's net a bad 
git "= Not a bad breed, stock. 

Give again, v.i. to thaw, to yield, of a 
frost ; to relax through damp or fer- 
mentation. 

Give back, v.i. to recede, from purpose 
or place, to give way. 

Give the sack, to dismiss. 

Give out, v.i. to fail ; of a supply. 

Give over, v.i. to discontinue, leave off; 
of persons engaged in anything, of 
rain, a storm, etc. 

Given, adj. disposed, inclined. 

Gizle (g soft), v.i. to walk mincingly. 

Gizzern, n. the gizzard. 

Glad, adj. smooth, easy ; of a door or 
bolt that goes smoothly or slips easily. 

Gladden, v.t. to soften, to make smooth. 

Gladly, adv. nicely, readily. 

Gladsome, adj. pleasant. 

Glaping, n. a sauntering idly about. 

Glassiver, n. a glazier. 

Glazzen, v.t. to glaze. 

Glazzener, n. a glazier. 
36 



Glead, n. the kite. A.S. 
Glender, v.i. to stare. 
Glent, v.i. (1) to peep, look aside. (2) 
To go aside. 

GliM,' | n - a S lim P se ' 

Gliff, n. a transient sight, a glimpse. 

Glish, ) v.i. to glitter or shine. Teut. 

Glisk, ) gleissen, to glister. 

Glister, v.i. to glitter or sparkle. Du. 

glijsteren, id., O.N. gleestr, splendidus, 

splendide ornatus. 
Glister, Corr. of clyster. 
Gloaming, n. twilight. A.S. glomung, 

twilight. 
Gloam, v.i. to become partially dark. 

" Gloaming for heat " = Becoming 

hazy, as before heat. 
Gloo, v.i. to squint. 
Glooar, v.i. to stare, to gaze with dilated 

eyes. Du. gluuren, to leer, ogle, spy, 

peep, N.Fris. gloar, glo, to stare, to 

gaze, Dan. gloe. 
Glop, v.i. to stare. Isl. glopur, a fool, 

S.G. glop, fatuus, stultus, O.Fris. 

glupa, to look, to peep, to look 

sullenly. 
Gloppen, (1) v.t. to startle. (2) v.i. To 

feel astonished, to be startled. 
Gloppened, adj. stupified with amaze- 
ment, astonished, confounded. 
Gloppers, n. blinkers for a horse. 

SJ !!' . I See Glooar. 



Glower, 

Gloum, v.i. to darken, to grow gloomy. 

Glnmp'd, adj. gloomy. 

Glumping, adj. surly, sulky. 

Gnaa, Pr. of gnaw. 

Gnag, v.t. to gnaw. AS. gnagan, to 

gnaw, O.N. gnaga. 
Gnar, n. a knot in wood. 
Gnar, v.i. to quarrel, to growl, to snarl. 
Gnarl, (1) v.i. to snarl. (2) v.t. To 

gnaw, to work with the teeth as a 

dog does at a bone. 
Gnatter, (1) v.i. to grumble, find fault 

in a peevish way. (2) v.t. To gnaw. 
Gnattery, adj. ill-tempered. 
Goaster, v.i. to laugh loudly. 
Gob, n. (1) the mouth. "Hod the' gob" 

= Cease your prate. Gael, gob, M. 

gob, the mouth. (2) Idle talk, prate. 

(3) A portion, a lump ; as, " a gob of 

suet," etc. 
Gobbet, n. the mouth. 
Gobble, v.t. to do anything fast. 
Gob -full, n. mouthful. 
Gobslotch, n. a dirty, voracious eater. 



GO 



GR 



Gobstick, n. a spoon. 

Goddill ! "A Qoddill /"= If God will, 
if it please God. 

God-speed, n. success, prosperity ; a 
benevolent wish at the commence- 
ment of an undertaking. "I wish 
you God-speed." 

Goflf, n. a foolish clown, a silly fellow, 
an oaf. N.Fr. goffe, clownish, ill- 
dressed, clumsy. 

Gofering, n. a sort of crimping per- 
formed on frills, etc. 

Goggy, n. an egg. W. gocwy, an egg 
that has the shell hardened, as dis- 
tinguished from a wind-egg. 

Goldspink, n. a goldfinch. 

Gollin, n. a marigold. 

Golsh, v.t. to gulp. 

Gomerel, n. a blockhead. 

Gooast, Pr. of ghost. 

Gooat, Pr. of goat. 

Good (rhymes with food), ) n. the ox- 

Gowd, ) eye daisy. 

Good-feaw, adj. a fair number. 

Good-like, adj. handsome. 

Goodman, n. the husband or master of 
a house ; as, " My goodman is frae 
heyam " = My husband is not at 
home. 

Goods, n. cattle. 

Good to nought : good for nothing. 

Good-woman, n, a wife. " Wait t'l my 
good-woman comes." 

Goold, Pr. of gold. 

Gor, adj. rotten, decayed. 

Gor, n. a sea-gull. 

Gorgeons (Pr. of gudgeons), n. iron 

pins fixed into a gate-post to hang 

the gate upon. 

Gorrish, } ■,■ i -. 

Go ' > adj. large and coarse. 

Gossamer, n. (1) down of plants. (2) 
Cobwebs. (3) Vapour arising from 
marshy ground in warm weather. 

Gossip, n. a sponsor at baptism. A.S. 



Goud, Pr. of gold. 
SZL Spink ' \ See Goldspink. 



Goudy, 

Goupen, adv.'&s much as can be held 
in both hands when open together. 
O.N. gaupn, cava manus, S.G. gbpen, 
hollow of the hand, Sw. gopen. 

Gowk, n. a fool, a simpleton. A,S. geac, 
a cuckoo, O.N. gaukr, S.G. gbk, 
cuculus. This identity between a 
cuckoo and a simpleton, though com- 
mon to other languages with the 



Lonsd. pro v., I never could see the 
reason of. [I believe there is no 
real connection between the name of 
the cuckoo and the word Gowk, a 
fool. The latter may be probably 
identified with gauk, gauky, which 
Mr. Wedgwood refers to O.E. awke. 
Ed.] 

Grabble, v.t. to grope. " To grabble for 
trout ;" i.e. to grope in holes for them. 

Gradely, adj. proper, complete, good. 
" He's a gradely fellow "= A respect- 
able and honourable person. 

Gradely, adv. properly, skilfully, com- 
pletely, decently, orderly. 

Graining, n. the fork of a tree. 

Grains, n. (1) the branches, as of a tree. 
(2) The prongs of a fork. O.N. grein, 
ramus, S.G. gren. 

Grange, n. a large farm-house and de- 
pendent buildings, Originally that 
belonging to the lord of the manor, or 
to a monastery, as Beaumont-^ra^e, 
~Ellel-grange, etc. M.L. grangia, a 
granary, a grange or farm-house, 
N.Fr. grange, a barn. 

Granny-hitch, n. an awkwardly made 
bow or knot, etc. 

Greaw-dog, n. a greyhound. 

Gree, v.i. to agree. 

Greedy, v.i. to long for. 

Green, adj. unseasoned; applied to wood. 

Greeney, n. the green grosbeak, or 
green linnet. 

Greenhand, n. one who is awkward at 
any work from inexperience. 

Green-hew, n. the right of cutting 
hollies and evergreens in winter for 
sheep, etc. 

Greet, v.i. to weep, to lament (pret. 
grat). O.Fris. greta, to make a com- 
plaint, O.N. grata, M.G. gretan, A.S. 
grcetan, Sw. grata, Dan. grcede. 

Greeyan, Pr. of groan. [sand. 

Gr6t, n. fine gravel, sand. O.Fris. gret, 

Greyap, Pr. of grope. 

Greyav, Pr. of grave, to dig or cut 
peats. "To greyav torf"=To cut 
or dig out peats. O.N. grafa, grafa 
torf, efFodere csespites, Dan. grave, 
Sw. grafva, M.G. graban. 

Grey-George, n. a large stone bottle. 
Fr. bouteille de gris. 

Grig, n. (1) a greyhound. (2) A cricket. 
"As merry as a grig." 

Grike, n. crevice, chink, or rut. 

Grime, v.t. to mark or daub with soot. 
O.N. grlma, to begrime. 

37 



GR 



HA 



Grime, n. soot or smut. 

Grimm', n. a sprinkling ; as, "A grimirf 
o' sna"=A slight fall of snow. 

Grimy, adj. sooty. 

Grip, n. (1) a small open ditch. (2) The 
space between the stalls in a double- 
stalled cow-house. 

Grip, ) v.t. to make shallow ditches or 

Gripe, ] grips. 

Gripe, n. a three-pronged dung-fork. 

Gripe, v.t. to seize, to embrace. O.N. 
O.Fris. and Sw. gripa, A.S. gripan, 
Dan. gribe, 

Gripes, n. a pair of wooden pincers 
with long handles for weeding corn. 

Grisled, adj. grisly, frightful. 

Groan, n. the noise made by a buck at 
rutting time. 

Groats ; always used along with the 
blood in the composition of black 
puddings ; hence the proverb current 
in Lonsdale, " Blood without groats 
is nowt," meaning that family with- 
out fortune is of no consequence. 

Grobble, v.t. to make holes. See Grab- 
ble, which is merely a form of this. 

Grogram, n. a coarse kind of silk taffety. 

Groon, n. the snout of a pig. 

Groop, n. the channel of a shippon. 

Grooves, n. the turnings within the 
hole of a screw plate, and the little 
hollows in a screw-pin, are called the 
grooves. 

Groping, n. (1) a mode of ascertaining 
whether geese or fowls have eggs. 
(2) A mode of catching trout by 
tickling them with the hands under 
rocks or banks. 

Grosh, adj. fat, luxuriant. 

Growing -day, A, a warm moist day 
suited to make plants grow well, to 
promote vegetation. 

Grabbin-mattock, n. an instrument or 
tool to grub roots or trees with. 

Grubby, adj. (1) poor. (2) Testy, peevish. 

Gruff, adj. surly, rude, imperious. 

Grum, adj. angry, surly. 

Grump, v.i. to growl, to grumble. 

Grand, Pr. of ground. 

Grand, v.t. to grind. 

Grandwark, n. foundation. 

Grannelstone, ) . •, , 

Granstan, \ n ' a B™***» 

Grunsel, Pr. of groundsel. A.S. grund- 
swelige, Gael, grunnasg, M. grundsyl. 

Gud, Pr. of good. 

Guest, n. a creature or person. "An 
ill guest " = a bad-looking fellow. 
38 



Guil-fat. See Gail-fat. 
Guider, n. a tendon. 
Gullet, n. a small stream. 
Guide-stoop, n. a guide post. 
Gulley, n. a large knife used in farm- 
houses, principally to cut bread, cheese, 

etc. for the household. 
Gummy, adj. thick, swollen. 
Gumption, n. talent, understanding, 

comprehension combined with energy. 

Goth, gaumjan. 
Gumptious, adj. quarrelsome, rough, 

heedless, careless. 
Gup ! go up ! An exclamation addressed 

to a horse. 
Gush, n. a gust of wind. 
Gutling, n. a glutton. 
Gutter, n. a small stream of water deep 

and narrow. 
Guy, v.t. to guide or direct. 
Guy-reyap, n. a guy-rope, or rope used 

to guide or direct the fall of a tree, 

or stones as they are hoisted into 

their places in buildings. 
Gyge ) (g soft), v.i. to creak like a 
Gyke ] wheel that wants grease. 
Gyle -fat, n. a brewing vat or wash-nop, 

a water-nop ; also a tub for rain. See 

Gailfat, which is merely a phonetic 

variation of this word. 



Ha, Contr. of ha'e for have. 

Ha ! ) interj. a word of command used 

Hah ! ] by carters to make their horses 

go to the left. 
Haac, Pr. of hawk. 

Haafd, } Pr - of holcL 

Haalds, Pr. of holds. "Fish haalds" = 
Places of security where fish lodge 
under banks, etc. 

Haams, n. See Heyams. 

Haap'ny, Pr. of halfpenny. 

Haathorn, Pr. of hawthorn. 

Hack, n. a stone-pick, or mattock, used 
by excavators ; and also in trenching 
land, for loosening the earth previous 
to digging it out. Sw. hacka, a hoe, 
Dan. hakke, a mattock. . 

Hack at, v.t. to talk at a person per- 
tinaciously. 

Hackberry. See Hagberry. 

Hackle, v.i. to dress, array, to trim up ; 
as, " Cum, lass, git thlsel' hackled." 



HA 



HA 



Hack-pudding, n. (1) a kind of large 
dumpling eaten at sheepshearings. 
(2) A mess made of sheep's heart, 
chopped with suet and sweet fruits. 

Haffle, v.i. to stammer, to prevaricate, 
to falter. 

Hag, v.t. to hew, chop, or hack. 

Hag, n. an enclosure, a wood. A.S. 
haga, an enclosure, O.N. hagi, 1. 
sepes, 2. pascuum, S.G. Aa^, sepi- 
mentum, etc., Sw. hage, pasture 
ground enclosed. 

Hag, n, a lot or set portion of work, as 
distinguished from day work ; as, 
" I wark be t' hag, an net be t' day " 
= 1 work by the hag, i.e. by the job, 
and not by the day. 

Hag, n. a certain division of wood in- 
tended to be cut. In England, when 
a set of workmen undertake to fell a 
wood, they divide it into equal por- 
tions by cutting off a rod, called a 
hag-stdk, three or four feet from the 
ground, to mark the divisions, each 
of which is called a hag. 

Hagberry, the bird-cherry (Prunus 
padus). Sw. hdggebar. 

Haggle, (1) v.i. to drive a hard bargain. 
(2) v.t. To cut irregularly. (3) To 
tease. 

Hag-stock, n. a block to chop wood 
upon. " As foul as t' hagstock" 

Hagues, n. haws. 

Hail-shot, n. common shot. 

Haips, n. a sloven. 

Hake, v.i. to go about amongst other 
idlers. 

Halo' ( a( %' *™^^» bashful, shy. 
Halch, v.t. to noose, to tie : the former 

more especially. 
Half-baked, adj. raw, half-silly. 
Halfpenny, To keep one's hand on 

one's = To be near or stingy. 
Haliday, Pr. of holiday. "Blind man's 

holiday "= Twilight. 
Halla-een, n. All-hallows-eve, the vigil 

of All Saints' day. 
Hallen, n. the partition between the 

door and the fire-place. 
Hallen-pin, n. a pin fixed in the hallen 

for hanging hats, etc. on. 
Hallen-post, n. the post at the ex- 
tremity of the sconce. 
Ham, n. the thigh. 

Hammer-bleat, n. the note of a snipe. 
Hammer, (1) v.i. to stammer. (2) v.t. To 

beat severely. 



deeoth." 

Hammle, v.i. to halt, to walk lame or 
clumsily. 

Ham-sam, adv. disorderly, confusedly, 
promiscuously. 

Hamshackle, v.t. to fasten the head of 
a vicious animal to one of its fore-legs. 

Hand, To swap even, to exchange 
without advantage. 

Hand afore, He's any = Ready and 
prepared for any undertaking. 

Handbrede, n. a hand's breadth. AS. 
handbrosd, 0. Fris. handbrede, Sw. 
handbredd, hand breath. 

Hand- clout, n. a towel. 

Handersome, adj. meddling. 

Hand-running, adv. without interrup- 
tion. 

Handsel, v.i. to have the first use of 
anything. A.S. handsylen, a giving 
into the hands, O.N. handselia. 

Handsel, n. the first money received 
for the sale of goods. A.S. hand- 
selen, a putting others into possession, 
O.N. handsal, S.G. handsel, merci- 
monii divenditi primitiee, Sw. hand- 
sol, Dan. handsel. 

Hand-staff, n. the handle of a flail. 

Hands-turn, n. a single act of work or 
occupation. " She niver duz a hands- 
turn "= She never turns her hand to 
any labour. 

Handy, adj. ready, expert, clever. S.G. 
handig, nimble, quick, active. 

Handy-cuffs, n. blows. 

Hang-gallows, n. a villain, a fellow 
who deserves the gallows. 

Hang in the bell ropes, To, to be asked 
in church by banns and then defer 
the marriage. 

Hangment, n. the devil ; as, " To play 
the hangment " = To be much en- 
raged ; "What the hangment f" An 
expression of surprise. 

Hank, n. a rope or loop for fastening a 
gate. " To keep a good hank upon 
your horse " = To have a good hold 
of the reins. " To have a hank on 
another = To have him entangled. 

Hank, v.t. (1) to fasten. (2) To form 
into hanks or skeins. 

Hank, n. a skein of thread or worsted. 
O.N. hdnki, haunk, Sw. hank, string. 

Hankie, v.t. to entangle silk, thread, or 
worsted. 

Hankisher, Corr. of handkerchief. 

Hap (seldom used), n. chance, fortune. 
39 



HA 



HE 



Hap, v.t. to wrap or cover up warmly. 
Happen, adv. perhaps, possibly. Ellip- 
tical for " It may happen." 
Happen-on, v.i. to meet with, to be 

lucky. " If I sud happen-on " = If 

I should be lucky, or meet with him. 
Happin', ) n. any kind of covering or 
Haps, ] wrapping for bed or body. 
Hard, adj. (1) sour-; said of ale. S.G. 

hard, de potulentis . . . quod ascescere 

incipit, hard dricka. (2) Hardy, 

strong, tough, not easily put out of 

the way. 
Hard of hearing, more or less deaf. 
Hard laid on, burdened, oppressed ; as 
' by heavy charges or assessment, by 

sickness, or the like. 
Hard-by, adv. very near. 
Harden, v.t. to air clothes. 
Hard-grain, n. a present of wheat or 

money made to children at Christmas. 
Hardheads, n. (1) the plant knapweed. 

(2) The seed -heads of the rib-grass 

or plantain. 
Hardiment, n. courage. 
Hardwood trees, n. trees that change 

their leaves annually. 
Hard set, adj. scarcely able ; as, hard 

set to make a living. 
Hark-ye-but ! do but hearken ! 
Harnish, Pr. of harness. 
Harnes, n. the brains. 
Harn-pan, n, the skull. 
Harra, Pr. of harrow. 
Harra-bulls, n. the wooden frame of a 

harrow. 
Harrest, Corr. of harvest. 
Harrish (Pr. of harass), v.t. to overwork 

bodily or mentally. 
Harry -behint, an appellation for any- 
one who is behind time. 
Harry-lang-legs, n. a long-legged fly of 

the genus Tipula or Cranefly. 
Harsk, adj. dry, astringent. S.G. hwrsfc, 

hard, sour, severe. 
Harstan, n. Corr. of hearthstone. 
Hartree, n. the thick upright post of a 

gate, into which the bars are put. 
Hask, adj. parched, harsh, dry ; also 

with a special application to the 

weather. See Harsk. 
Haspert, n. a rough fellow. 
Haspin, n. an idle fellow, a hunks. 
Haster, n. a tin meat-screen. 
Hasty - poddish, n. porridge hastily 

made of oat-meal and water. 
Hath ye ! Hark you ! Do you listen ! 
Hattock, n. a shock of corn consisting 
40 



of ten sheaves, eight placed by twos 
against each other, and two, called 
hood-sheaves, covering over the tops, 
or grain-ends of the rest. 

Hauf-thick, adj. half-fat. " She's nob- 
but hauf '-thick "=Not fat enough for 
the butcher ; only half fed. 

Haugh, n. a green plot in a valley. A 
frequent name for fields ; as, " Lang- 
rig haugh." 

Haups, n. a gawky. 

Hause, n. (1) a narrow passage like a 
throat. (2) A narrow connecting ridge 
like a neck (generally applied to 
places of this description amongst 
mountains, as Swirrel hause). O.N. 
and A.S. hals, a neck, a rather long 
hill, S.G. hals, a hill, Sw. hals, a neck, 
M.G. hals. 

Hawer-girse, n. wild oats. 

Havver, n. oats. O.N. hafr, avena, 
S.G. hafra, Sw. hafre, oats, N.Fr. 
haveron, wild oats. 

Hawer-bread, n. oat-bread. 

Hawer-keyak, n. oat-cake. 

Havver-meal, n. oat-meal. Sw. haf- 
remjol. 

Havver-riddle, n. a sieve for oats. 

Hawer-seck, n. an oat-meal bag. 

Hawbuck, n. a silly clown. 

Hawk, v.i. to cough, to bring up phlegm, 
to expectorate. W. hochi, to throw 
up phlegm, hoch, a hawking. 

Hay- chick, ) n. a name for the White- 

Hay-chat, ) throat. 

Hay-girs, n. grass intended for hay. 

Hay-knife, n. a knife used for cutting 
hay out of the stack. 

Hay-mow, n. a quantity of hay stored 
away in a barn. 

Hazy, adj. drizzling. 

Hegh, Pr. of high. 

He, you ; as, " Will he come an see 
us?" = Will you come and see us? 
Used to adults as well as to children. 
[Comp. the Germ, idiomatic use of 
Sie ; as, "Haben sie is ? " = Have you 
it ? Literally, Have they it ? Ed.] 

Head, Pr. of head. "Head and plucks" 
= The refuse of timber trees. " He 
took it up of his own head"=Ke 
taught himself. " To set their heads 
together " = To consult. 

Headriggs, n. the riggs or butts in a 
ploughed field which lie close to the 
hedges and run parallel to them, but 
at right angles to all the rest of the 
riggs (if the field be square). 



HE 



HE 



Head-wark, n. the headache. 

Heady, adj. self-willed. 

Heaf, n. the particular place where a 

flock of sheep feeds on a common or 

mountain. 
Heafin', n. a tending or watching, as 

of sheep or cattle on a mountain. 
Heal, Pr. of whole. 

Heald, v.t. (1) to rely on. (2) To in- 
cline a vessel in order to empty it. 

A.S. healdan, to incline, lean, O.N. 

halla, S.G. hcella, inclinare. 
Healo. See Hala. 
Healsome, Pr. of wholesome. 
Heams. See Heyams. 
Heap (Pr. of hoop), n. a measure, four 

hoops being one peck. 
Heart, n. the stomach. 
Heart, To have broken the, (of any 

piece of work) = To have done the 

greater part of it. 
Heart in a nut-shell, To have one's, 

to act like a coward. 
Hearten, v.t. to encourage, to inspirit. 
Hear-ye-but : an expletive, denoting 

surprise and astonishment. 
Heas, v.i. to chill. 
Heat, Pr. of hot and heat. 
Heave, v.t. to pour corn from a scuttle 

before the wind. 
Heavisome, adj. somewhat heavy. 
Heaw, Pr. of hew. [bridge. 

Hebble-tree, n. the hand-rail on a foot- 
Heck, ) n. the moveable hinder 
Heck-boord, ) part of a cart. 
Heck ! interj. used to draught horses to 

direct them to come near. 
Heck, n. (1) a half door, an inner door 

into a house. (2) A rack for hay or 

other fodder. 
Heckberry. See Hagberry. 
Heckle, v.t. to dress tow or flax. Du. 

helcelen. 
Heckle, n. an instrument with iron 

teeth for dressing tow or flax. Du. 

hekel, N.Fris. hdgel, M. heckyl, S.G. 

hcekla, instrumentum dentatum, quo 

linum carminatur. 
Heckler, n. a tow or flax dresser. Du. 

kekelaer. 
Hed, pret. of To have. 
Hedd, pret. of To heed. 
Hedden, p.p. of To have. 
Heddiwissen : had I known. 
Hedge-bote, n. timber, fire-wood. 
Heeard, pret. and p.p. of To hear. 
Heel, n. the rind of cheese, the last bit 

of a crust of bread. 



Heeler, n. a poser, a silencer. 

Heerin', Pr. of herring. 

Heerse, Pr. of hearse. 

Heft, n. a haft, handle. A.S. hceft, Du. 

heft. 
Heft, Louze i' t', = Careless, of loose 

character and conduct. 
Heft, Tight i' t', = Near, close-fisted, 

stingy, cautious. 
Heigh, v.n. to make haste ; as, " Was 

he heighing hissel ? " 
Heigh-ho, v.i. to yawn. 
Heighmost, adj. highest. 
Heighst, Pr. of highest. 
Heighth, Corr. of height. 
Heir, v.t. to inherit from anyone. 
Heiring-syke, n. a brook near Burton 

which divides Lancashire from West- 
moreland. 
Helk, n. a large, heavy person. 
Helks, n. large clouds, or large crags. 
Hellered, adj. swollen, inflamed. 
Hell on, v.t. to pour water on flour to 

make bread. Isl. hella, to pour out. 
Helter (Pr. of halter), n. a horse-collar 

made of hemp. 
Helve, n. the haft of a spade. A.S. 

helf, a handle. 
Hennel-coal, a name for Cannel-coal. 
Hennot, Corr. of have not. 
Henpenny, n. the herb Melampyrum 

cristatum. 
Hens, n. cocks and hens, poultry in 

general. O.N. hcens, galli et gallinse, 

Sw. hdns, poultry, Dan. hons, id. 
Hen-scratchins, n. small cirrous white 

clouds, said to indicate rain or wind. 
Hen-silver, ) n. money given at a mar- 
Hen-money, \ riage at the church- 
door by the bridegroom, or sent to 

poor neighbours. 
Henting, n. the portions of subsoil 

raised with the plough to cover seed 

sown. See next word. 
Henty, n. the opening between two 

riggs of ploughed land ploughed up 

to cover the seed. 
Herd, n. one whose business it is to 

take care of cattle: otherwise Hind. 
Hereaways, adv. hereabout, 
Herefter, Pr. of hereafter. Cf. O.Fris. 

hirefter, Sw. harefter. 
Heron-sew, n. a name of the heron. 
Hesp, v.t. to pick off the ends of goose- 
berries. 
Hesp, v.t. to hasp or fasten the latch 

of a door. A.S. hcepsian, O.N. " 

a latchet. 

41 



HE 



HO 



Hesp, n. a hasp or fastening for a gate, 
etc. 

Hespert, n. a rough fellow. 

Hesta ? Hast thou ? 

Hett, p.p. of To heat. 

Heugh, n. a rocky hill. Sounded strongly 
guttural. See Cleugh. 

Heuk (Pr. of hook), n. a crook, a bill- 
hook. 

Hewt, v.t. to hit the heels and ancles 
together in walking. 

Heyam, Pr. of home. " He's net o' at 
hey am " = He is wanting in intellect. 

Heyams, Pr. of hames ; two pieces of 
wood attached to a horse's collar, and 
having the trace-chains made fast to 
them. Du. hamme, a collar or yoke. 

Heyamstead, n. a homestead. A.S. 
hamstede. 

Heyar, Pr. of hare or hair. 

Hezzle, v.t. to beat, to thrash soundly 
with a hazel-stick. 

Hezzle, Pr. of hazel. 

Hezzling, ) n. a severe beating. " I'll 

Hezzle-oil, \ give him some hezzle-oil." 

Hide, v.t. to beat or flog. O.N. hi/ da, 
to flog. 

Hide-bund, adj. (1) of a cow or ox in 
bad condition. (2) Stingy ; of a 
person. 

Hidlands, adv. secretly. [in a pet. 

Hig, To take the, to take offence, to be 

Hig, n. the main difficulty. Fr. hie. 
"C'est Id le hie" = That's the rub. 

Higgle, v.t. to work at anything slowly 
and pertinaciously. O.N. hygla, to 
handle or deal with gently or mildly. 

Highty, n. a child's name for a horse. 

Hill, v.t. to cover, to earth up. " To 
hill up peys." 

Hilling, n. a covering. 

Hind, n. (1) a farm bailiff. A.S. hina, a 
domestic, a servant. (2) One en- 
trusted with the charge of cattle. 

Hindberry, n. the wild raspberry. 

Hinder-end, n. the last part of the 
person, or of a thing. 

Hinder- ends, n. refuse corn, such as 
remains after it has been winnowed. 

Hindersome, adj. retarding, hindering. 

Hing, v.t. to hang. " To king the lip" 
= To pout, to look sullen. 

Hinger-on, n. a parasite. 

Hingin, n. a hinge. "To be off the 
hingins" = To be out of health. 

Hinmost, Pr. of hindmost. 

Hipe, ) v.t. to push with the head as 

Hike, ) horned cattle do. 
42 



Hippins, n. infants' napkins. 
Hippin-stans, n. large stepping-stones 

in a brook for foot-passengers. 
Hir, pers. pron. of them. Gen. pi. of he. 
Hir at him, ) an expression used in 
Hur at him, ) urging dogs to attack 

each other, or any other creature. 
Hirdum-durdum, n. an uproar. 
Hire, n. a condiment or relish. "White 

fish is poor stuff without hire." 
Hirin(g), n. a statute fair, a fair for 

hiring servants. 
Hirple, v.i. to limp, to walk lame. 
Hirst, n. a bank or sudden rising of 

the ground, a ridge, an elevation. 
Hisk, v.i. to gasp or draw breath with 

difficulty. Pin. yska, tussis, yskin, 

yskitdn, tussim moveo. 
Hissel, pron. himself. "He's net hisseV 

= He is out of his mind. 
Hit, v.n. to succeed, turn out well ; as, 

" The crop's gaan ta hit "=The crop 

is going to be a good one. 
Hit it, To, to agree. 
Hit it with, To, to fall in with another's 

disposition or temperament. 
Hitch, v.i. to become entangled. 
Hitch, n. (1) a kind of knot. (2) A halt 

in the gait. 
Hitch, v.i. to fidget. 
Hitten, p.p. of To hit. 
Hitty-missy, adv. at random. 
Ho, Pr. of hall. 
Hoaf, Pr. of half. 
Hoafen, n. a half-witted person, a 

fool. 
Hoaf nowt (Pr. of half-nought, and 

used as a n.), almost nothing. 
Hoast, n. a cough. 

Hob, ) n. the flat side of a fire- 

Hob-end, ) grate, on which the tea- 
kettle or the like may be set. 
Hobbly, adj. rough, uneven. 
Hobbying, n. riding a hobby. 
Hocker, v.i. (1) to do work clumsily 

and awkwardly. (2) To crouch over 

the fire. 
Hocker, n. one who sits at home. 
Hod, Pr. of hold. 

Hods her milk, The cow, the cow re- 
fuses to give her milk. 
Hod wi', To, to agree in opinion with 

another. 
Hod, n. hold, possession. 
Hodden, p.p. of To hold. 
Hoddin, n. a piece of leather connect- 
ing the handstaff of a flail with the 

soople. 



HO 



HO 



Hodlad, n. the plant bedstraw or bind- 
weed (Galium). 
Hod-ta, Corr. of hold thou, desist. 
Hoff, n. the hough of a horse, or a leg 

of beef. 
Hoffle, n. broth made of the houghs of 

cattle. 
Hog, n. a sheep a year old. N. Fr. 

hogety, a young sheep. 
Hog, n. a place for preserving potatoes 

or turnips during the winter. W. 

hwg, a nook or corner. 
Hog, v.t. to put potatoes, turnips, etc. 

into a hole or pit to preserve them. 
Hoggarth, n. an inclosure to fold 

lambs in. 
Hoggers, n. upper stockings without 

feet, like gaiters. 
Hoggest, n. a shed for sheep and young 

cattle. 
Hogget, n. a sheep after it has passed 

its first year. 
Hog-hooal, n. a hole left for the passage 

of sheep through a wall or fence from 

inclosed pastures into the open or 

common lands. 
Hog-woo', n. wool from year-old sheep. 
Hoice, v.t. to hoist. 
Hoity-toity, (1) adj. haughty, flighty. 

(2) inter}, (denoting surprise). O.N. 

hutututu, interjectio cum ardore et 

desiderio interrogantis. Est id. qu. 

Angl. hoitytoity ! inter j. tarn mirantis, 

quam adfirmantis et negantis ? Ex. 

gr. "Hoity-toity, what's to do here ? " 

i.e. quid, malum, turbse hie est ? 
Hold, v.i. to take care, to beware. 
Hole, v.i. to hide ; to go to earth, as a 

fox. "He's holed" = He's gone into 

the house. 
Holl o' winter : the depth of winter. 
Holl o' neet : the dead of the night. 
Hollin, n. the holly. A.S. holegn, M. 

hollyn. 
Holm, n. (1) a small island, as Holme 

Island, near Grange. (2) Low lying 

flat land, low ground, sometimes or 

originally environed with water ; as 

Hornby Holms. O.N. holm, holmi, 

insula, O.Fris. holm, Sw. holme, Dan. 

holm. 
Holt, n. a grove or forest. O.Fris. holt, 

A.S. holt. 
Holus-bolus, adv. all at once. 
Homered, adj. shaded. 
Homminy, n. a long uninteresting story, 

a recitation, a proclamation : perhaps 

Corr. of Homily. 



Honed, adj. having the udder swollen 
and hard, as a cow after calving. 

Hoo, pron. he, she. A.S. heo, she, he. 

Hood-end, n. the hob of a grate. 

Hooders, } n. the uppermost 

Hood-sheaves, > sheaves of a hat- 

Hudds, ) tock or shock of 

grain, which are so placed as to form 
a kind of roof. 

Hool, v.i. to shiver with cold. 

Hoon, v.t. to ill-treat, to oppress. 

Hoop, n. a measure, four hoops making 
one peck. See Heap. W. hob, a 
measure of various capacities. 

Hoorse, Pr. of hoarse. 

Hooved, adj. callous, hard. 

Hooze, n. a difficult breathing or half 
cough peculiar to cattle. 

Hopper, n. a seed basket used in sow- 
ing corn broadcast. 

Hoppin', n. a country fair or wake, at 
which dancing is a principal amuse- 
ment. 

Hopple, v.t. to tie the feet of an animal 
to prevent it straying. 

Hop-skip-and-loup ; a boys' game, in 
which they try which can clear the 
most ground by one of each of these 
modes of progression. 

Horl, v.i. to shiver. See Hool. 

Horn, n. a drinking cup or glass. O.N. 
horn, poculum. 

Horny, n. a knorr made of horn, used 
in playing at Spell and knorr. 

Horple. See Hirple. 

Horses together, They don't put up 
their = They are not on friendly terms. 

Horsegogs, n. wild plums. 

Horse-knop, n the plant knapweed. 

Horse-pennies, n. the plant yellow- 
rattle, or penny-grass (Rhinanthus 
Crista galli Linn.). 

Horsin'-stan, n. a horseblock, or stone 
steps, to assist people in mounting 
their horses. 

Host, n. a cough. "A kittling host"= 
A tickling cough. Du. hdst, O.N. 
hosti, SwC hosta, Dan. hoste. 

Hot-foot-hot, adv. and adj. at or in 
urgent speed. 

Hot-pot, n. a dish of meat cut into 
small pieces, and potatoes, cooked to- 
gether in the oven. 

Hotts, n. panniers to carry turf or 
slate. Du. hotte, a pannier or basket, 
Finn, hotti, receptaculum rebus mi- 
noribus condendis, N.Fr. hotte, a scut- 
tle or basket to carry on the back. 
43 



HO 



IL 



Hon, Pr. of hoe. N.Fr. houe. 

Hou ! Inter j. a call-word used by drovers 

in driving cattle, intended to quicken 

their speed. 
Houghle, n. the shank of beef. 
Houm. See Holm. 
Houm, Pr. of elm. 
Houpy! houpy! a cry used to call 

cows up to be milked. 
House, v.t. to put corn and other pro- 
duce into the barn. 
House, n. (in a farm-house) the kitchen, 

or ordinary sitting-room. 
Housen, n. buildings, houses. 
Hout, Pr. of holt ; coppice or nut-wood. 
Hove, pret, of To heave. 
Hoven, adj. swelled, distended. 
How, n. a hill, a gentle eminence near 

a vale. O.N. haugr, a hill heaped up, 

A.S. hou, a mountain. 
Ho -way : Come away : a word much 

used by cattle drivers. 
Howiver, Pr. of however. 
How- seeds, n. husks of oats. 



Howsomdever, ) ever. 
Hubbleshows, n. confusion, tumult. 
Huddle, v.t. (1) to embrace, to squeeze, 

to hug, to cuddle. (2) To crowd 

together. Germ, hudeln. 
Huddlin(g), n. an embracing, a cuddling. 
Huer, n. hail (very rare). 
Huff, v.t. (1) to offend. " She's easily 

huffed." (2) To scold, to treat scorn- 

folly. 

Huff, n. offence, displeasure. W. wfft, a 

scorn, a slight, wfftio, to push away 

with disapprobation, to cry shame. 
Huff, To take the, to take offence. 
Hug, (1) v.t. to carry anything that is 

heavy and awkward. (2) v.i. To run 

close side by side. 
Huggan, n. the hipbone of a horse or 

cow. 
Hug-me-close, n. a name for a fowl's 

merry -thought. 
Huke, Pr. of hook. 
Huke-nebbed, adj. having a crooked 

nose or bill like a hawk. 
Hull, n. a shed or house for calves or 

swine ; as, "A ipig-hull," "A cd^-hulV 

A.S. hule, a cabin, Dan. hyle, a cave 

or den. 
Hullet, ) n. an owl ; also a mischievous 
Hullot, ) child. Fr. hulotte, an owlet, 

W. hullad. 
Hully-hoo, n. an owl. 
Hum, v.t. to throw anything, as a stone. 
44 



Hummel, ) n. the humble-bee. Sw. 

Hummle-bee, ] humla, to buzz, Dan. 
humlebi. 

Hummen, v.i. to make a low rumbling 
noise. 

Hummock, n. a mound of earth. 

Humoursome, adj. capricious. 

Hump, v.t. to insinuate. 

Hund, Pr. of hound. 

Hung'r, v.i. to be famished. 

Hungry, adj. very mean. 

Hunkered, adj. elbowed, crooked. 

Hunniel, n. a covetous person. 

Hunnish, v.t. to starve a person for 
want of food. 

Hurkle, v.i. (1) to shudder. (2) To 
shrug up the back, as cattle in tem- 
pestuous weather. 

Hurtle ; the same as Hurkle. 

Hurst, n. a wood. 

Hush, v.t. to loosen earthy particles 
from minerals by running water. 

Huskin, n. a clownish fellow. 

Hussock, n. a large coarse woman. See 
Fussock. 

Hustle, v.t. to scatter abroad, as apples 
amongst boys to be scrambled for. 

Hut ! hut-away ! an expression of 
disbelief, or disapprobation. Pshaw ! 

Hutch, n. a hoard, or store of anything. 
The field-mouse makes a hutch or 
store of nuts for winter use. 

Hutch, v.i. to shrug the shoulders un- 
easily. 

Huz, Corr. of us. 

Huzzif, Pr. of housewife, a needle-case. 

Huzzin, n. a husk. 

Huzzle, Pr. of hustle. 

Hyan, n. a fatal disease amongst cattle. 



I (sometimes as e), prep, on, in. O.N. 
% in, at rest, in contradistinction to 
in motion towards a place ; as, i 
sandi, in sand ; Sw. i, Dan. i. 

Ice-bone, n. the aitch bone of beef. 
Du. is or isch-ben, the haunch bone, 
Dan. iis-been, share bone. 

Iceshockles, n. icicles. Du. ysgekels. 

I-coaf, Pr. of in calf. Cf. Sw. i-Jcalf. 

Iftle, Pr. of if thou wilt. 

I'-Goddle, ) Pr. of If God will, or be 

I'-Godlin, \ willing. 

Ill an, a bad or ill one. 

Hl-favvert, adj. ill-looking. 

Illify, v.t. to defame. 



IL 



JE 



Ill-set, To be, to be hard put to it ; as, 

" I's ill-set to mek a living." 

Ill-thing, He Inks like an, he looks 
badly. 

Ill-willed, adj. malevolent. 

Ime, n. rime, hoarfrost. 

Immy, Contr. of in my. 

I-morning : in the morning, to-morrow. 
O.N. i-morgin, hoc presenti mane, 
Sw. i-morgen, to-morrow. 

Imp, v.t. to add to the capacity of a bee- 
hive, by inserting a ring of the same 
material and diameter beneath it. 

In-bank, n. inclining ground. 

In with a person, To be, to be on good 
terms with him. 

Indermer, ) adj. more or further with- 

Innermer, j in. 

Ing, n. a marshy meadow. M.G., A.S., 
and Dan. ing, O.N. eng, pratum, ager 
non stercoratus. 

Ing, a termination of the names of 
certain places. S.G. ing, terminatio, 
quam habent nomina propria locorum. 

In-ga, v.i. to go in. 

Ingate, n. ingress. 

Ingle, n. a fire. 

In-going, n. an entrance. [tenant." 

In-going, adj. entering ; as, "In-going 

Inkle, n. narrow tape of peculiar fabric. 

Inklin', n. (1) a wish or desire. (2) A 
suspicion or glimmering of a thing ; 
a hint or insight into it. 

Inkspew, n. the cuttle-fish. 

Insense, v.t. to instruct, give some 
notion of a thing to a person. " To 
insense him inta it " = To get him to 
understand it. 

Insensing, n. instruction. 

Instep, He's rather heigh in his, he 
is rather proud, haughty. 

Intack, n. an enclosure ; part of a 
common enclosed and planted or 
sown, while the other part lies wild 
and unimproved. O.N. intaka, a tak- 
ing in, S.G. intaka; that which any- 
one fenced off from any common 
land, and made his own, he was said 
to intak, or take in, Sw. intaga, to 
take possession of. 

Intermell, ^.intermeddle. 

Intiv, ) . , 

Intui;J^ mt0 - 

w.«+.w f into thee. 



Intuth' ; , 

I-plat, on the ground ; as, " T ' peats 
is i-plat yet " = Spread out on the 
ground. 



I-two, in two. " To fall i-two "=To be 

brought to bed. 
I's : I am. 
I s' : I shall. 

Ista ? Corr. of Art thou ? 
Ist'er ? Corr. of Is there 1 
It, Pr. of eat. " They wod net it it "= 

They would not eat it. 
Ivin, n. ivy. 
Ivven, Pr. of even. 
Ivvnin, Pr. of evening. 
Ivvry, Pr. of every. 
Ivvry-like, adv. every now and then. 
Izzard, Izzet, ) » ,, , ,, -, 7 

Izzed ' a name * or ™ e letter Z. 



Jack-at-a-pinch; a term for a person 
always ready to act at any call, how- 
ever sudden or unexpected. 

Jack-a-lang-legs, n. the summer fly, 
also called Daddy-long-legs. 

Jackalegs, n. a large clasp knife. From 
Jacques de Liege, the name of a famous 
Flemish cutler. (Dr. Jamieson.) 

Jackdaa, Pr. of jackdaw. 

Jacky, n. a child's night dress. S.G. 
and Sw. jacka, a gown, Fr. jaquette, 
a child's coat, 

Jaggin(g), n. a small load of hay. 

Jail, v.t. to crack or spill. 

Jaist, v.t. to agist cattle. 

Jamb (Pr. jawm), n. the upright side 
of a window, door, chimney, etc. 

Jannock, n. bread made of rye and 
oatmeal. 

Jannock, adj. (1) upright, honourable, 
fair. (2) Fit, proper, good. [O.N. 
jafn, O.Sw. jamn, even, jcemka, to 
make even, Sw. D. janka, jank, id. 
Jannock is thus the Northumb. form 
of E. even, A.S. efen. Ed.] 

Jar, v.t. to squabble. " They did nout 
but jar." 

Jarble, v.t. to wet, to bemire. 

Jaup, v.t. to splash over in or from a 
pail or like vessel. 

Javver (Pr. of jabber), idle talk. 

Jealous, adj. fearful, suspicious, alarmed. 

Jemmy-lang-neck, ) n. a name for the 



Jemmy-lang-legs, 



heron. 



Jerdle, v.i. to dance. 

Jerry-built, adj. slightly, or unsub- 
stantially built. 

Jert, v.t. (1) to throw a stone under 
hand. (2) To start. [This word is 
simply another form of Jerk, and is 
45 



JE 



KE 



interesting as illustrating the not in- 
frequent substitution in the northern 
dialects of t for k. Ed.]. 

Jew's -trump, n. a Jew's-harp. 

Jige, v.i. to creak. 

Jiggetin', n. jolting, shaking. 

Jike, v.i. to creak. 

Jim, adj. neat, spruce, smart. 

Jimp, v.t. to indent or scallop ; as 
muslin borders, etc. 

Jimp, adj. neat in attire, spruce, elegant. 
Welsh, gwymp, fair, comely, neat. 

Jink, v.i. to jingle. 

Jinny-hummer, ) ., cockchafer 

Jinny-spinner, \ ,l ' me C0Cj£Ciiater - 

Jizle, v.i. to move about in a twisting 
manner. See Gizle. 

Job, v.i. to fish for eels with a bunch 
of worms threaded upon worsted, in 
which material the teeth of the eels 
become entangled, and so their cap- 
ture is effected. 

Jobby ; familiar for Joseph. 

Job-nuts, n. cob-nuts. 

Joe, n. (1) a master. " To be,;'oe" = To 
be master. (2) A jest. 

Joggle, v.t. to shake. 

Joggly, adj. rough, uneven ; applied to 
roads, or to a conveyance, etc. " Its 
nobbut & joggly road." 

Jooany-crooan; a name for the heron. 
A.S. cran, a crane. 

Jope, v.t. to spot with dirt. Comp. 
Jaup. 

Jor, v.t. to jostle or push. W. gyru, to 
thrust, to press. 

Joseph, n. a riding habit. 

Joup, v.i. to jump. 

Jow, v.t. to push or jam with violence. 

Jowl, n. (1) the jaw. (2) The head and 
shoulder of a salmon. 

Jowler, n. a thick-jawed hound. 

Jummlement, n. confusion. 

Jump, n. a child's dress. 

Jumper, n. a miner's boring-tooL 

Junk, n. a lump, a piece. 

Juntish, adj. surly. 

Jumut, Pr. of earth nut. 

Jyste, Pr. of joist. 



Kaaikin', adj. looking about stupidly. 

Kaffle, (1) v.t. to perplex or entangle a 
person in conversation. Probably a 
Corr. of E. cavil. (2) v.i. To become 
entangled ; of a skein of thread, 
twine, etc. 
46 



Kail, n. (1) greens, cabbage. (2) Broth 
or pottage. Isl. kal, Dan. kaal, W. 
cawl, cabbage. 

Kail-pot, n. a large metal pot for 
cooking meat and cabbage together, 
etc. 

Kait. See Kead. 

Kamed, adj. cross, ill-tempered, awry. 

Kave, v.i. to give an awkward, waver- 
ing motion to the body. 

Kead, n. a sheep's louse. 

Keal (Pr. of kail), n. broth. Isl. kaal, 
olus. 

Keb, v.t. to fish in the sea from a boat, 
for flukes, etc., with a line depending, 
from which project two cross-sticks, 
each with its own hook and snooding 
suspended. 

Keck, v.t. (1) to turn up a cart. (2) To 
refuse with disdain. 

Keck, n. a jolt. 

Keckle, v.i. to laugh violently. 

Keckle, v.i. to cackle. 

Ketlock' ( n ' cnar l° c k> wild mustard. 

Kedge, n. a mischievous child. 

Keek, v.i. to peep, to look slily. 

Keen, n. caustic. 

Keen, v.t. to burn with caustic. 

Keen, adj. sharp, earnest, resolute. 

Keened : the hands are said to be 
keened with the frost, when the skin 
is broken or cracked, and a sore pro- 
duced. 

Keens, n. cracks in the hands ; applied 
to the chinks in chapped hands. See 
Kinns. 

Keep, n. a reservoir for fish by the side 
of a river. 

Keeps and Creaks, hooks and eyes. 

Keigh (pron. like weigh), n. a key. 

Keisty, adj. dainty, squeamish. 

Keld, n. a spring or well ; as, " Keld 
Gill Head, Coniston fells. A.S. keld, 
Germ, quelle, a spring or well, O.N. 
kelda, fons, Dan. kilde. 

Kelk, n. a kick, a blow. 

Kelk, v.t. to beat severely. 

Kelp, n. sea- weed burnt to make cinder 
or potash for potters. 

Kelter, n. condition, order. "He was 
i heigh kelter" = ~H.e was in high con- 
dition. (2) Money, cash. 

Kemps, n. coarse hair among wool, 
coarse fibres. 

Ken, v.t. to know, to be acquainted 
with. O.Fris. and O.N. henna, Du. 
kennen, S.G. kcenna. 



KE 



KI 



Kenner, n. (1) one who knows. (2) A 
knowing person. O.N. kennir, qui 
novit, cognoscit, rei peritus, versatus 
in aliqua re. 

Kennin(g), n. (1) an inkling. (2) The 
distance a person can see. (3) Re- 
cognition. 

Kenspack, ) ac£/.easilyknown,orknown 

Kenspeck, \ by something peculiar. 
S.G. kennespack, qui alios facile 
agnoscit. 

Kent, p.p. of To ken. 

Kep, v.t. to catch anything falling (as 
a ball). A.S. cepan, to catch, to catch 
at, Gael, ceap, to catch, stop. 

Kep-bo, n. (1) a catch-ball. (2) The 
game of handball. 

Kept, p.p. (1) caught. (2) Guarded. 

Kern, n. a churn. 

Kernel, n. a knob of flesh. A.S. cyrnel, 
an indurated gland. 

Kerse, Pr. of cress. " W&ter-kerse" 
watercress. 

Kersen, Pr. of Christen. 

Kesh, n. white-weed (a kind of hem- 
lock). Prov. " Hollow as a kesh" 

Keshy, adj. having a hollow stem. W. 
cecysaidd, tubular, like hemlock. 

Keslip, ) a calf's stomach salted, being 

Keslop, ) the substance used for curd- 
ling milk for cheese. It is commonly 
called rennet, or runnet. Du. kaes- 
lubbe, cheese rennet, Germ, kaslab, 
A.S. ceselib, milk curdled, curdling, 
S.G. lf>pe, coagulum. See Loppered. 

Kessen, p.p. of To cast. (1) Said of 
sheep, which often, when heavy in 
the wool, get cast on their backs in 
the furrows of a field, where, from 
the breadth of their backs and the 
upward slope of the ridge on each 
side, they are unable to move with- 
out human aid, and without which 
they perish. (2) Cast off; as, "kes- 
sen clyathes "= Cast-off clothes. (3) 
Warped, not straight ; as, "Kessen 
planks "= Planks that have become 
warped. 

Kessen-up, Ha' a ? Has he turned up, 
made his appearance, or been found. 

Kest, v.t. (1) to cast. (2) To enumerate. 

Kest, n. a twist or contortion. M. kest, 
a turn or cast. 

Kester, Pr. of Christopher. 

Ket, n. carrion. O.N. ket or kot, caro, 
Dan. kiod, flesh, meat, S.G. kott* 



Ket-craa, n. the carrion crow. 

Ketlock, n. charlock. 

Ketment, n. filth, rubbish. 

Kevel, v.i. (1) to sprawl or gambol. (2) 
To climb clumsily. 

Kewin, n. a periwinkle. [This is the 
cuvvin of the Whitby neighbourhood, 
and of the coast of Durham. O.N. 
kiifungr, kufungr, N. kuvung, kuungje, 
the sea-snail or periwinkle. Ed.] 

Keyak, Pr. of cake. 

Kibble, n. a strong thick stick. S.G. 
kajie, baculus, cippus. 

Kibble, v.t. to chip stones roughly. 

Kibty-cobty, adj. loitering, dawdling. 
"Don't stand kibty-cobty theyar wi' 
the mouth o' fleetins ;" loiteringly, 
vacantly, dawdling. 

Kick, v.i. to take offence. 

Kick, n. fashion, mode ; as, " Aw i' th' 
kick "= All in the fashion. 

Kickish, adj. irritable. 

Kickle, adj. uncertain, fickle, unsteady, 
tottering. 

Kid, n. a fagot. 

Kid, v.t. to bind up fagots. 

Kiddy, n. a small wooden block used 
in the game of bandy-cat. M. kit, a 
piece of wood made small at both 
ends, to play with. 

Kilps, n. (1) crooked places, knots. "It 
hey a deeal of kilps in it"=It has a 
great many crooks or crooked places 
places. (2) Pot-hooks. 

Kin, n, a chap, a chilblain. 

Kin'-cough, n. the whooping cough. A.S. 
cincung, great laughter (from the in- 
voluntary convulsions it occasions, 
like laughter). 

Kind, adj. intimate, friendly. 

Kindle (pr. kinn'l), v.i. to bring forth 
young, of a rabbit. 

Kindly, adv. (1) naturally. (2) Heartily, 
well. [An interesting word from its 
retention, in the meaning which 
stands first, of its original signifi- 
cation. Ed.] 

King's-cushion, n. a sort of seat made 
by two boys crossing their hands, for 
a third, or for a child, to sit and be 
carried on. 

Kink, n. (1) a twist. (2) A violent, 
convulsive fit of laughter or coughing. 
Du. kink, a twist, M. kink, a twist in 
thread or rope. 

Kink, v.i. to be affected with a con- 
vulsive stoppage of breath, through 
immoderate laughing or crying ; to 
47 



KI 



LA 



labour for breath as in the whooping 
cough. A.S. cincung, great laughter, 
Teut. kincken, difficulter spirare, Sw. 
kikna, to pant, to gasp. 

Kink-hoost, n. the chincough. Sw. 
kikhosta, chincough. See Kin' -cough. 

Kinns, n. chinks or crevices in rocks, 
cracks in the skin of the human 
body. A.S. cine, a chink, cleft, nick. 

Kipe, v.i. to insinuate to the disad- 
vantage of anyone. 

Kipper, adj. lively, nimble, light-footed. 
Fin. kippaan, to hop or leap about 
sportively. 

Kipper : a term applied to salmon 
after spawning. 

Kirk-garth, n. the church-yard. Sw. 
kyrka-gdrd, church-yard. 

Kirtle, v.i. to flaunt, to give oneself airs. 

Kissing-bunch, n. a holly or lauresti- 
nus bush hung up at Christmas, 
under which young people kiss each 
other. 

Kist, n. a chest. A.S. cist, 0. and N.Fris. 
Jciste, O.N., S.G., and Sw. kista, W. 
Jcisti, Gael, ciste, M. khistey, Du. kist, 
Dan. kiste, Fin. kistu. 

Kit, n. (1) a covered milking-pail. (2) 
A barrel. (3) A brood, a family. 

Kitchen, n. a tea-urn, 

Kite, n. the belly. 

Kith, n. acquaintance. Kith and kin, 
relations and friends. A.S. tilling, 
a relation. 

Kitle, n. a smock-frock, kirtle, or tunic. 
W. ceitlen, a smock-frock. 

Kitling, n, a kitten. 

Kittle, adj. (1) ticklish, difficult. (2) 
Off one's balance, or easily put out 
of equilibrium. "As kittle as a mouse- 
trap." 

Kittle, (1) v.t. to tickle. (2) v.i. To itch. 

Kittle, v.i. to kitten, of cats. 

Kittling, n. a tickling. 

Kittlish, adj. ticklish, rather difficult 
or delicate. Sw. kittlig, ticklish. 

Kitty-wren, n. the wren. 

Kizzened, adj. parched, withered. 
Klick-heaks, n. large hooks for catch- 
ing salmon by day-light. . 
Knaan, p.p. of To know. 
Knaanet, Pr. of know not. 
Knack, v.t. to talk affectedly and min- 
cingly. " Spooads, said Spoddy, when 
he iernt to knack." 

Knacker, n. a tanner. 

Knaggy, adj. (1) ill-tempered. (2) 
Knotty. Sw. knagg. 
48 



Knaiyav (Pr. of knave), n. a lad, a 

servant. 
Knap, v.t. (1) to strike. (2) To crop 

with the teeth, to bite off. Gael. 

knap, strike, beat, Isl. kneppa, to bite. 
Knap, n. a blow. Gael, knap, a little 

blow. 
Knep, v.t. to nip or crop off small 

pieces of anything, as the young 

shoots of hedges, by the teeth of 

cattle, or the top shoot of a plant to 

prevent its farther growth. 
Knit, (1) v.i. to unite. Bees are said 

to knit when they hang in a cluster 

together after swarming. (2) v.t. To 

tie a knot ; as, "Knit a knot." O.N. 

hnyta, nodare, Dan. knytte, to tie in 

a knot. 

K ^ 0C ^.^ r " > kneed, adj. knock-kneed. 

Knockle, n. a knuckle. 
Knockled-cow, n. a cow that has newly 

calved. 
Knodden, p.p. of To knead. 

|™P' j*i. a large tub. 

Knorr, n. (1) a small ball made of heavy 
wood. See Spell and Knorr. (2) A 



Knot, n. a rocky-summit. 

Know, Pr. of knoll, a bare rounded 
hillock, an eminence. 

Kregglety, adj. not firm, unstable. 

Kringlety-kranglety, adv. in a mean- 
dering, serpentine, or crooked manner 
or form. 

Kroth, n. a frame to lay sheep on for 
salving, etc. 

Kye, n. pi. cows, kine. 

Kyloes, n. small Highland cattle. 



Laa, Pr. of low. 

Laain (Pr. of lawing), n. going to law. 

Labour, v.t. to cultivate the earth. 

Laboursome, adj. laborious. 

Lace, v.t. to beat or thrash. 

Lache, n. a gutter washed by the tide 

on the sea shore. 
Lad, n. (1) a lover, a sweetheart. (2) 

A boy-servant ; a low, common youth. 
Lade, v.t. to take water by hand out of 

a pond, etc. " To lade out watter "= 

To bale it out, 
Lad-licked, adj. licked or beaten by a 

youth or lad. 
Lad's-love, n. the plant Southern-wood. 



LA 



LA 



Lady-bird, ) n. the small red beetle 

Lady-clock, ] (Coccinella 7-punctata). 

Lady's-Smock, n. the plant Cuckoo- 
flower. 

Lafter, n. the number of eggs laid by 
a hen before she begins to wish to sit. 

Lag, adj. slow, last. 

Lag, n. the narrow board or stave of a 
barrel or tub. 

Lag, or Lag last, is said by boys when 
playing at pitch and toss, or other 
games, in order that they may be- 
speak the last pitch. 

Laggins, n. the part of the wooden 
frame work upon which the stones 
are laid when building an arch. S.GL 
lagg, Du. lag en, a form or mould to 
make bricks in. 

Laidin, n. burthen. 

Laik, ) v.i. to play. A.S. Icecan, lacan, 

Lake, ] to play, O.N. leika, Dan. lege, 
Sw. leJca. 

Laird, n. a farmer's eldest son, a pro- 
prietor of land. 

Lairly, adj. disagreeable, idle, base. 

Lait, v.t. to search, to seek for. O.N. leita, 
quaerere, Dan. lede, Sw. leta. 

Laited, p.p. searched for, found . 

Laiyam (Pr. of Lam), v.t. to beat 
soundly. 

Lake, n. a play, a game. A.S. lac, play, 
sport, O.N. leikr, Dan. leg, Sw. lek. 

Lake, v.i, to be costive, said of cattle. 

Laker, n. one who plays. O.N. leihari, 
Fin. leihari, joculator. 

Laking, n. a toy. 

Lall, v.i. to shoot out the tongue. 

Lallop, v. t. to beat, to thrash soundly. 

Lallops, n. a slattern. 

Lam, v.t. to beat soundly. 

Lamb's-wool-sky : a sky characterised 
by a collection of white orbicular 
masses of cloud. 

Lampers, n. excrescences of flesh above 
the teeth in horses. 

Lang o', O, all owing to ; as, "It's 
o' lang o' him it was done "=It is all 
entirely through him it was done. 
A.S.gelang, in consequence, owing to. 

Lang, v.i. to long. AS. langian, Dan. 
langes. 

Lang, adj. tall. 

Lang-hundred, n. the hundred of six 
score. 

Lang-marks, n. indelible congenital 
marks on the skins of children. 

Lang-last, adv. at length, in the end. 
"At lang-last" = A.t the last end. 

E 



Langled, p.p. having the legs tied to- 
gether by means of a ligature, which 

leaves some liberty of motion. 
Lang-length, adv. at full length. " He 

fell down o' his lang-length." 
Langles, n. straps or chains to bind 

horses' feet with. 
Lang-ley an : a name for the throat. 
Langmouth, n. a spade long and narrow, 

with which drains are cut in soft land. 
Lang- sen, adv. long since, a long time 

ago. 
Lang-settle, n. a homely sofa. 
Lang-streak'd, adj. laid down at full 

length. 
Langsome, adj. tedious. A.S. langsum, 

durable, lasting. 
Lang-tung, u. a babbler, a gossip. Du. 

lang-tong, a babbler, teller of tales. 
Lang way, A (used adverbially), much. 

" It's a lang-way better." 
Lang- ways, adv. lengthways, 
Lankister-loup, n. the game of leapfrog. 
Lant, v.t. (1) to loo at cards. (2) To 

over-reach, to beggar. 
Lant, n. the game of loo. 
Lant, n. old or stale urine. 
Lantern-leet, n. the horn or glass at 

the sides of a lanthorn. 
Lanters, n. players at the game of loo. 
Lap, v.t. to wrap up, to cover. M. 

lhap, to fold up, to double. 
Lap up, v.i. to give up, to leave off. 
Lap, n. the skirt or lappet. 
Lap, n. a large bundle or truss of straw. 

"A lap o' streea." Fin. lappo, fceni 

congeries. 
Lapped, adj. folded, wrapped. 
Lark, n. a wild fellow. 
Lark-heeled, adj. long-heeled. 
Larn (Pr. of learn), v.t. to teach. 
Lash, v.t. (1) to kick out. (2) To comb 

the hair. (3) To beat severely. 
Lash- comb, n, a wide-toothed comb. 
Lashin', adj. large, big. " He's a lashivJ 

fellow. 
Lask. See Lisk. 
Lastenest, adj. most lasting. 
Lasty, adj. lasting. 
Late, See Lait. 

Lathe, n. a barn. Dan. lade, Sw. lada. 
Latly, Pr. of lately. 
Latt, v.t. to lath, to nail laths to spars 

or joists, as for the purpose of 

plastering. 
Latt-river, n. a person who makes laths. 
Lauk, v.t. to strike, to beat. 
Lauk. See Louk. 

49 



LA 



LE 



Lauker, n. a weeding iron. 

Laukin', n. weeding with a kind of 

tongs. 
Lay ; to lay down, to sow down ploughed 

land with grass. To lay to one's 

hand, to help. 
Lay, v.t. to deliver a woman. To lay 

an edged-tool, to re-steel its edge. 
Lay, n. (1) a wager. (2) Any grass 

land. (3) Poor-rate. 
Lay, v.t. to allay, assuage, soothe. Dan. 

loie, to lull. 
Laylack, Pr. of lilac. 
Lea, ) n. a scythe. O.N. le, Dan. 
Leagh, ] lee, Sw. lie, N.Fris. lee. 
Lead (Pr. of lead), n. a vat for dye- 
ing. 
Lead, v.t. to cart, convey by carting. 

Sw. leda, to convey. 
Leader, n. a tendon. 
Lead-nails, n. nails used by plumbers 

in covering the roof of a house with 

lead. 
Leaf, n. fat round the kidneys of a 

slaughtered animal. 
Lea-stone, n. a scythe-sharpener. 
Leak, Pr. of look. 
Leaksta ! look you ! 
Lean, Pr. of lean. 
Lean, v. t. to connive at, to hide a fault. 

[O.N. leyna, to conceal, O.Sw. and 

Sw. D. Una, N. loyna, Dan. lonne. 

Ed.] 
Learn, v.t. to teach. 
Learning, n. correction, discipline. 
Lea-sand, n. the sand which is put on 

the strickle, with which the scythe 

is sharpened. 
Leasow, n. a pasture ground. A.S. 

loesuio, a pasture or common. 
Leastways, adv. at least. 
Leath, Pr. of loath. 
Leathe, n. part of a skein of wool. 
Leather, v.i. to travel at a great speed; 

said of horses. " They dud leather 

it;" "They com leatherin on" = 

They came galloping on. 
Leav, Pr. of lief. 
Leav-hod : let me (or anything else) 

go, leave off holding. 

JH™' I Corr. of eleven. 
Levven, ) 

Leek, n. a leak. Du. leek, O.N. leki, 
stillatio, Dan. leek, a leak, Sw. lack. 

Leek, v.i. to leak. 

Leek on, v.t. to pour on, to add water 
to the mash in brewing. 

Leek off, v.t. to drain or draw off; also 
50 



a brewing term. A.S. leccan, to 

wet, moisten, Dut. lecken, to leak or 

drop. 
Leekfng, n. a leaking. 
Leddher-head, n. a blockhead. 
Lee, Pr. of lie. 
Lee, n. (1) humour discharged from a 

wound or sore. (2) Urine, (3) Lye 

of ashes. 

Leevetail \ adv ' mnch in demand 

Leeght (Pr. of light), v.i. to happen, to 
fall out ; as, "Leet what may I'll 
duit." 

Leeght (Corr. of alight), v.i. to fall, 
settle, come to the ground ; as, " I 
leet o' my heead." 

Leeght on, v.i. to fall in or meet with, 
to succeed. 

Lee-lang, adv. live-long. 

Leemers, ) n. ripe nuts, such as slip 

Leemins, ) readily from the husk. 

Leeny, adj. alert, active. 

Leet. See Let. 

Leet ; a form of Lite. 

Leet, v.t. to pretend, feign. 

Leetnin' (Pr. of Ughtning), n. the break 
of day. 

Leet-sMrts, n. a woman of disreputable 
conduct. 

Leetsome, adj. light, pleasant-looking, 
cheerful. 

Lee with a lid on : a term for a no- 
torious lie. 

Leh, Corr. of let. "Leh me aleyan." 

Leister, n. an eel spear, a spear for 
catching fish. For round fish, as 
mort, sprods, salmon, flooks, etc., it 
is simply a barbed trident, upon the 
points or barbs of which they are 
impaled : for eels, a flat-headed 
trident with the three prongs near 
together and serrated, between which 
they are caught and held by the 
teeth of the instrument. O.N. lidsta, 
ferire. 

Lele, adj. loyal, faithful, true. 

Len, v.t. to lend. O.Fris. lena, Du. 
leenen, A.S. lainan. 

Length, n. stature. " He's a girt length " 
= He is very tall. 

Lent-grain, n. the spring crops. 

Lesk. See Lisk. 

Let See Let lite, Let on, Let wite, 
etc. 

Let drive, v.i. to attack with violence. 

Let lite, v.t. to inform, disclose, make 
known. See Lite. 



LE 



LI 



Let on, v.t. to admit knowledge or ac- 
quaintance with a fact or circum- 
stance, to disclose, make known. 

Let wite, v.t. to cause to know, to in- 
form, to communicate knowledge to 
(a person, of a thing). 

Let, n. impediment, hindrance. 

Leugh, pret. of To laugh. 

Leuk, Pr. of look. 

Lewis, n. an iron dovetail inserted into 
holes bored into large stones, by 
which to lift them into their places 
in building. 

Lew, adj. mild, calm. 

Lew-warm, adj. luke-warm. Teut. 
lauwen, tepefacere. 

Leyace (Pr. of lace), v.t. to beat or 
thrash. 

Leyad, Pr. of load. 

Leyaf, Pr. of loaf. 

Leyam, Pr. of lame. 

Leyan, Corr. of alone. " Leh ma ley an" 
= Let me alone. 

Leyan, n. a loan. 

Leyap, pret. of leap. See Loup. 

Leyazy-lump (Pr. of lazy-lump ), n. a 
sluggard. 

Ley-land, n. land unbroken by the 
plough. 

Lickin', n. a beating. 

Lids, n. manner, fashion, way, kind. 
"Don't du a that lids" = Don't do 
in that manner, etc. 

Lief, ) adv. soon, willing. A.S. leof. 

Lieve, ) " I'd as lief die "= I had as 
soon die. 

Lift, v.t. (I) to draw or cut for the deal. 
(2) To steal. 

Lig, v.i. to lie down, to lie. A.S. licgan 
or liggan, 0. Fris. liga, Du. liggen, 
O.N. liggja, Dan. ligge, S.G. and Sw. 
ligga. 

Lig, v. t. to lay a thing down, to put or 
place a thing. O.N. leggja, Sw. lagga, 
Dan. Icegge, to lay, place, put. 

Lig down, To, (of land). To sow arable 
land in due course with grass seeds 
for permanent pasture. 

Lig intul, To. To eat or work vigor- 
ously, to attack with energy. 

Lig on, v. t. to lay on. Cattle are said 
to "lig it on," when they thrive well 
and fatten fast. "Lig on him"= 
Beat him soundly or perseveringly, 

Lig-a-bed, n. a lazy person. 

Lig-a-lame, v. t. to maim. 

Ligger, n. (1) one who lies in bed a 
long time or rests a long time ; as, 



"A lang ligger." (2) A branch of 

thorn or other tree cut half through 

and laid along the top of a plashed 

hedge. 
Like, adj. and adv. likely, probably ; 

as, "Like to have been killed ;" "Fs 

like to du it"=I am certain to do 

it ; " almost, I am under necessity to 

do it. 
Like, Better nor. Better than was 

expected. 
Like. Used as a qualifying suffix ; 

as, " He is a good sort of a man like ; " 

"He was onnish-^e in drink "= 

Somewhat the worse for liquor. 
Likely, adj. (1) resembling. (2) Suit- 
able, promising, good-looking. 
Likened. " I had likened to be drowned " 

= 1 was in danger of, or near, being 

drowned. 
Likliest, Pr. of likeliest. 
Li kl in ess, n. likelihood, appearance. 

" Theyar's neya likliness o' rain to 

day." 
Likly, Pr. of likely. 
Lile, adj. little. Dan. lille, Sw. lilla. 
Lile-house, n. a privy. Dan. lillehuus. 
Lile- worth, adj. of little worth. 
Lill, v.t. to assuage pain. 
Lillilow, n. a blaze in a fire. O.N. 

logi, flamma. 
Lilt, v.t. (1) to jerk or spring. (2) To 

lift up on one side suddenly. 
Lilt, n. a jerk or spring. 
Limber, adj. supple, flexible. 
Lime-ass, n. the refuse of lime-kilns, 

i.e. cinders and powdered lime. 
Limmers, n. pi. a pair of shafts for a 

cart or carriage. O.N. limar, pi. of 

limi, ramus arboris. 
Limp. adj. flaccid, limber, supple. W. 

llimp, smooth, sleek, soft. 
Lin, n. a pool. 
Lin, n. linen. O.N. lin, W. llin, flax, 

A.S. lin, flax, linen, Sw. linna. 
Lined, adj. intoxicated. 
Ling, n. heather (the plant). O.N. ling, 

lyng, erica, Dan. lyng, heather, heath, 

S.G. and Sw. ljung. 
Ling-besom, n. a broom made of Ling. 
Linge, v.t. (1) to beat, to thrash, to 

excel. (2) To take in, to impose 

upon. 
Links, n. black puddings. 
Lin-pin, n. a linch-pin. 
Lintel, n. the stone which lies across a 

door or window. Fr. linteau. 
Lin-tree, n. a lime-tree. 

51 



LI 



LU 



Lin-webster, n. a linen weaver. 
Lippen, v.t. to expect, to rely, to trust to. 
Liring, n. meal and water beat smooth 

to put into broth. 
Lirt, v.t. to walk or move in a quick or 

lively manner, or with an air of pert- 

ness. 
Lirty-gig, n. a wanton, giggling lass. 
Lirty-kick, v.i. to gambol, to frisk. 
Lish, adj. active, strong, nimble. 
Lisk, n. the flank : other forms being 

Lesk, Lask. 
List, v.t. to incline a cask or vessel on 

one side. 
Listing, n. the list or border of woollen 

cloth. 
Lite, v.t. (1) to expect or depend on, to 

rely upon. (2) To meet with, to fall 

in with. 
Lithe, adj. (1) smooth, supple. (2) Ob- 
sequious, humble. A.S. IvSe. 
Lithe, v.t. to thicken broth or soup 

with oatmeal. W. UUh, meal soaked 

in water, Gael, lite, porridge. 
Lithesome, adj. gay, cheerful. 
Lithin', n. a thickening for broth, made 

of oatmeal. 
Little-a-dow, adj. worthless. 
Littlest, adj. least. 
Liven, v.t. to enliven. 
Liver, v.t. to deliver. Du. levern, to 

deliver, Dan . lever e, Sw. lefverera, Fr. 

livrer. 
Liverance, n. delivery. 
Loane, n. the first offer. 
Lob, n. a clown, a clumsy fellow. W. 

Hob, a dull fellow, a blockhead. 
Lobscouse, n. a dish, consisting of meat 

cut in small pieces and cooked in a 

pan with potatoes. 
Lock, n. a small quantity of hay, wool, 

etc. O.N. lockr, a lock or tuft of hair. 
Locker, adj. (1) loose, spongy. (2) Ex- 
pensive, extravagant. 
Lockered, adj. entangled ; said of the 

hair when matted. 
Lockspit, n. a small cut with a spade. 
Loggerhead, n. a blockhead. 
Lointer, v.i. to lag, to loiter. 
Lointerpins. "To mek lointerpins" = 

To idle away time. 
Loll, v.i. to loiter, to saunter, to lounge. 

O . N. lolla, segniter agere. 
Lollop, v.i. to walk in a lazy, waddling 

manner, to move heavily. 
Lollops, n. an idle, lounging female. 

LumSakS', j ad J' heav ^' awkward - 
52 



Lomper, v.i. to walk heavily; applied 
to the action of a horse. 

Lone, adj. A lone man, a man living by 
himself ; a lone woman, a woman un- 
married, or without a male protector. 

Lonesome, adj. lonely. 

Lonnin', ) n. a lane. O.Fris. and N.Fris. 



Looaz. Pr. of lose. 

Loop, n. part of the hinge of a door. 

Lopper, v.i. to curdle, to coagulate. 

Loppered, adj. curdled. Isl. hlaup, 
curdled milk, S.G. Ibpe. 

Lopper-ear'd, adj. having long, flabby 
ears. 

Lops an' tops : the small branches and 
tops of trees. 

Lorry, n. a brawl. 

Lot, v.t. to allot. 

Lother, v.i. to splash in water. 

Louk, n. (1) a blow, a thump. (2) 
Coarse grass on the moors. 

Louk, v.t. to weed. 

Loukers, n. weeders. 

Lound, adj. calm, out of the wind. O.N. 
logn, a dead calm, Dan. luun, shelter- 
ed, warm, Sw. lugn, calm, quiet, 
serene, W. llonydd, still, calm. 

Loup, v. i. to leap. O.N. hlaupa, currere, 
Sw. lopa. 

Loup, n. a leap or spring. 

Loup, Pr. of loop. 

Loupin-pow, Pr. of leaping-pole. 

Louse, adj. (1) loose. O.N. laus, solu- 
tus. (2) Impure, disorderly. 



Lowse, f out on t' common " = To let 

cattle go upon the common. 
Louse-end, To be at a. To be in an 

unsettled, dissipated state. 
Lousely, adv. loosely, lightly. 
Lous-itn'-heft, n. a disorderly person, 

a spendthrift. 
Louze, v.t. to take lice from the person 

and garments, as beggars do. 
Low, v.t. to blaze, to flame. O.N. loga, 

flammare, flagrare, Dan. lue, S.G. and 

Sw. laga. 
Low, n. a flame. 
Lowance, n. allowance, set quantity of 

beer. M. lowanse, a thing allowed. 
Lowse, n. the privilege of turning out 

cattle on the commons. " We've a 

lowze on t' moor." 
Lowsen, v.t. to loosen. 
Lubber-head, n. a stupid fellow. 
Lug, n. (1) the ear. (2) A handle. "A 

pitcher wi' two lugs." 



LTJ 



MA 



Lug, v.t. to pull the hair. Sw. lugga, 
to pull by the hair. 

Luggin and rivin. Pulling and tearing. 

Luk, Pr. of look. To luk on, to regard 
with kindness and consideration. 

Lum, n. a deep pool. A deep still pool 
overshadowed with trees. O.N. luma, 
amnis. 

Lumber, n. mischief. 

Lump, v.i. to be or look sulky. 

Lunge, (1) v.i. to plunge, to rush for- 
ward with violence. (2) v.t. To lunge 
a colt, in breaking him in, is to hold 
him with a long rope and drive him 
round a circle. 

Lungeous, adj. (1) rough, cruel, vin- 
dictive ; likely to do a sudden bad 
turn. (2) Awkward. 

Lurgy, n. an idle person. 

Lurgy, adj. idle. 

Luthabut, Pr. of look thee but. 

Luv-barn, ") 

Luv-begitten-barn, > n. a bastard. 

Luv-child, ) 

Luvesome, adj. lovely. A.S. lufsum. 

Lyring, n. a shallow depression or hol- 
low, of some width, in the sands, in 
whi^h the sea remains at low water. 
These depressions are said to be due 
to the continually shifting channels 
of the river which runs into More- 
cambe Bay. W. llyr, a water-course, 
a channel. 



M 



Ma, v.t. to make. 

Maa (Pr. of maw), the human stomach 
as well as that of any animal. A.S. 
maga. 

Maa, Pr. of mow. pret. Maew or 
Mew. pp. Maan. 

Maain, Pr. of mowing. A day's mow- 
ing is about three roods. 

Maak, n. a maggot or gentle. 

Maaky, adj. full of maggots. 

Maan, p.p. mown. 

Maander, Pr. of maunder. 

Maap (Pr. of mope), v.i. to maunder, 
to wander about in an objectless, va- 
cant maDner. Dan. maabe, to mope. 

Maapment, n. rigmarole, nonsense. 

Mad, adj. angry, stark mad, very angry. 

Madam, a title used in the provinces 
to women under the rank of Lady, 
but moving in respectable society. 



Maddle, v.t. and i. (1) to confuse, to 
perplex, to rave or be delirious. (2) 
To miss one's way. 

Made. What made you there ? = What 
caused you to be there, what business 
had you ? 

Madge w ^. (1) the jack at nine-pins, so 
called from its often consisting of the 
madge or fetlock-bone of a horse. (2) 
A magpie. 

Madge -beyan, n. the fetlock-bone of a 
horse. 

Madlin, n. a bad memory. 

Mad-pash, n. a mad fellow. 

Maew, pret. of To mow. 

Maine, v.i. (1) to hesitate, to falter, to 
act by means inadequate to the at- 
tainment of the object or end pro- 
posed, like one in dotage. (2) To 
stammer, to mumble. 

Mafflehorn, n. a blundering, inefficient 
person. 

Mafflin', n. one that has not much sense, 
a simpleton. 

Maffling, adj. trifling, clumsy, weak, 
feeble* 

Maggot, n. a whim. 

Maggoty, adj. whimsical 

Maggy, n. a magpie. 

Maid, n. (1) a girl. (2) A clothes-horse. 

Main, adj. great. A main man. The 
varra main = The greatest part. 

Maister, n. the husband. 

Maister, adj. principal ; as, Maister 
drain = Principal drain. 

Maisterdom, n. the upper hand. 

Maisterful, adj. imperious, headstrong. 

Maisterlin', n. a would-be master, a 
petty master. 

Maistly, adj. mostly, generally. 

Maist-what, ) adv. for the most 

Maiyast-what, ] part. 

Maiyad, Pr. of made. 

Maiyast, Pr. of most. 

Maiyast on end, adv. almost continu- 
ally or unceasingly. 

Mak', Pr. of make. 

Mak', n. (1) sort, species. (2) Race, 
family. 

Makin, n. the yellow flag. Gael, mea- 
can, a flag iris. 

Makkin', n. making. A.S. macung, 
making, contrivance. 

Mally, | Familiar for Mal 7- 
Mammy-seeak (Pr. of Mammy-sick), 

adj. never easy but when at home 

with mammy. 

53 



MA 



ME 



Man, n. a pile of stones or turf built 
upon the highest part of a mountain. 
W. maen, a stone. 

Manch, v.t. to munch, to eat greedily. 

Mander, n. manner, kind. 

Manifolds, n. the intestines ; from 
their consisting of many fold^ 

Manish, Pr. of manage. 

Manishment, Corr. of management. 

Man-keen, adj. Of the state of a bull 
when dangerous. 

Manned, adj. waited on, attended. 

Manner, Pr. of manure. 

Mannerly, adj. decent, neat. 

Mannish, adj. manly. 

Mantle, v.t. to embrace kindly. 

Mappen [Cow. of may happen), adv .pro- 
bably, perhaps. 

mSS< I ** «* — • 

Mares' -tails, n. a name for long, nar- 
row and irregular clouds, white or of 
a light colour. 

Marget, Corr. of Margaret. 

Marjery, n. a cat. Cf. Sans, mar jar a, 
from mrij, to clean, or the animal 
that always cleans itself. M. Muller, 
Lect. on the Science of Language, p. 
367, second edition, 1862. 

Marks, n . the impressions made by the 
feet of the otter. 

Marlock, n. a frolic, gambol, or vagary, 
rough sports ; generally used in the 
plural. 

Marrow, n, an equal, a companion, a 
fellow : — 

" There's never a sparrow 
Without its marrow." 

Marrow, v.t. to match, to equal. 

Marred, adj. spoiled ; particularly of 
persons. 

Marriable, adj. marriageable. 

Marry ; an ejaculatory expression, al- 
luding in its origin to the Virgin 
Mary. 

Martin, n. a spayed heifer. See Free- 
Martin. 

Martlemas, Corr. of Martinmas. 

Mash, (1) v.t. to bruise to pieces. (2) v.i. 
To go along with a great impetus ; 
as, " He com mashiri down." 

Mash, n. a large quantity ; as, " We 
hed a mask on it " = We had a large 
quantity of it. 

Mashelment, n. wheat and barley grown 
and ground together. 

Mashment, n. anything cut up and 
mixed together. 
54 



Massacree (Pr. of massacre), v.t. to ill- 
treat, to butcher. 

Mastice, ) n f , .„. 

Masty, J Corr - of mastlff - 

Matter, v.t. to approve of. "I don't 
matter it." 

"Matty, ) n. the mark pitched at in the 

Motty, ) game of Pitch and Toss. 

Maum, ) adj. (1) mellow. (2) Gentle, 

Mawm, J quiet. 

Mauments, n. trifles. 

Maund, n. a large basket. A.S. mand, 
a basket, Du. mand, a basket or wicker 
pannier. 

Maunder, v.i. to wander about thought- 
fully, to wander in talking, to mope 
about without object. 

Maups, n. a stupid person. 

Maut, Pr. of malt. 

Mayast, ) -on-end, adv. almost con- 

Meyast, \ tinually, perpetually. 

Mazelin', n. one that has not much 
sense. 

Me. I. Here, as in most parts of the 
North, it is usual to say 'me' for 
'I' in such instances as, "Wha's 
theeyar ?" Ans. " Its me." 

Meadow, n. a field used for growing 
hay, in distinction to a pasture. 

Meal (Pr. of meal), n. oatmeal. 

Meal-poke, n. a meal-bag. 

Meal-seeds, n. the husks of oats. 

Meal's-meat, n. meat enough for a meal. 
A.S. mwlmete. 

Mealy-mouthed, adj. very particular 
and cautious in speech. 

Mean (Pr. of moan), v.i. to moan or 
lament. A cow, when very ill and 
moaning, is said to be " meanin her- 
self." 

Meanin', n. an indication or hint. 

Mear, Pr. of more. 

Meat, n. victuals, board. " I get 12s. 
a-week an' my meat,'" i.e. my victuals. 

Meat-heyal, adj. having an appetite for 
food. 

Med, pret. of To make. 

Medcalf, n. a calf's pluck, or heart, 
liver, and lungs. 

Meeda, Pr. of meadow. 

Meet, adj. even with ; as, " I'll be meet 
wi' tha." 

Meeterly, adv. tolerably well, mode- 
rately. 

Meetin's, n. the meeting of two cur- 
rents of the tide in Morecambe Bay, 
often producing a rough and dan- 
gerous sea for small craft. 



ME 



MI 



*J e n h ' ] Corr. of make. 
Mek, ) 

Mek count on, To. To reckon on, rely 
upon. 

Mek t' duer, To. To fasten the door. 

Mek a hand on, To. To destroy. 

Mek suer, To. To put in a safe place. 

Mek all split, To. To act with or 
apply great violence. 

Melder, n. (1) a kiln full of oats, or as 
many as are ground at a time. (2) A 
making or grinding of meal for the 
winter's stock. O.N. meldr, actus 
molendi. 

Melgreaves, n. quicksands. O.N. melr, 
a place full of sand. 

Mell, v,i. to meddle. O.F. mesler, mis- 
cere, immiscere ; to mix oneself up 
in matters with which he has no 
business. Minsheu, in v. 

Mell, n. a mallet or large wooden ham- 
mer, a two-handled hammer. Lat. 
malleus, O.N. melia, conterere. To 
get the mell is to obtain a mallet in 
prize ploughing, as a prize for the 
worst ploughing. Cf. the " wooden 
spoon" of the universities. The 
mell is fixed upon the winner's (?) 
plbugh, or sometimes stuck in the 
piece of land ploughed by him. [The 
origin of this expression is obscure, 
and many guesses at its derivation 
have been made, all more or less 
unsatisfactory. The me^-sheaf in 
Cleveland used to be made of the 
last corn severed in winning the 
harvest, and made of extra size, and 
with much care and observance. Ed.] 

Mendment, n. amendment. 

Mends, n. amends, recompense, satis- 
faction, recovery. 

Menfolk, n. the male population. S.G. 
manfolk, viri, mares. 

Menner, ) 

Mennard,p ammnow - 

Mense, v.t. to grace, to ornament, to 
decorate. " Gaa an' mense thysel 
up" = Go and make your toilette. 

Mense, n. decency, propriety, hospi- 
tality, politeness, good manners, 
kindness. " He hez ' naidher mense 
nor sense "= He has neither good 
manners nor tact. "For mense" — 
For decency sake. O.N. menska, hu- 
manitas. 

Menseful, adj. polite, decent, managing, 
thoughtful. 

Meos, Pr. of mess. 



Meos-pot, n. a mess-pot. 

Mere, n. a lake. 

Mere-stans, n. boundary stones for 
dividing separate holdings of land, 
which were very common before 
fences were in use. 

Merge, n. mud, sludge. 

Merr;/, n. the wild cherry. 

Merry-begot, adj. illegitimate. 

Merry-dancers, n. a name for the 
Northern Lights or aurora borealis. 

Merry-go-round, n. a revolving ma- 
chine upon which children ride at 
country fairs and races. 

Merry-neet, n. a rustic ball, a night 
appropriated to mirth, festivity, and 
various amusements. 

Mesel, Pr. of myself. 

Mess, v.t. to muddle, to bungle. 

Metal, n. broken stones for mending 
roads. 

Mew, pret. of To mow. 

Mezzur, Pr. of measure. 

Mich, adj. much. 

Miche, v.t. to cheat artfully. ["Shall 
the blessed sun of heaven prove a 
micher, and eat blackberries'?" Ed.] 

Mich-like, adj. much the same. 

Mickle, adj. much, great. A Lonsdale 
proverb runs thus : 

" Many littles m^ak a mickle, 
Many mickles meyak a mile." 

Middin', n. a dunghill. " Cock o' th' 
middin" = The principal person of a 
place, one who is looked up to for lay- 
ing down the law. A. S. midding, Dan. ' 
modding. It is also a contemptuous 
name for a dirty woman. 

Middin-craa, n. the common carrion 
crow. 

Middin-pant, n. the filthy receptacle 
of the drainage of a cow-house. 

Middlin', adj. (1) tolerable, pretty well 
in health. (2) Not very well. " I's 
nobbut middlin." 

Midge, n. a very small fly, a gnat. A.S. 
myg, a gnat, Sw. mygga, Dan. myg. 

Midjerum, n. the milt or spleen. 

Miff, n. displeasure, ill humour, 

Miff-maff, n. nonsense. 

Mightful, adj. full of might, powerful. 

Mihilmass, Pr. of Michaelmas. 

Milder, n. oatmeal when first ground, 
with all the dust and seeds together. 
See Melder. 

Milk-lead, n. a cistern lined with lead, 
used for keeping milk in. 

Milkness, n. the produce of a dairy. 
55 



MI 



MO 



Miller, n. a large white moth. 

Miller, To drown the. To put too 
much water in one's grog. The 
origin of the phrase is obvious. 

Miller-thoum, n. a small bird of the 
wren species. 

Millin', n. a beating, a drubbing. 

Mind, v.t. to observe, to notice par- 
ticularly, to regard. " Thou minds 
as I wor gangin hey am." "Mind ta 
think on"=Be careful thou remem- 
ber. 

Mingle-mangle, n. confusion. 

Mirk, n. darkness. O.N. myrkr, tene- 
brse, A.S. mire. 

Mirk, adj. dark. O.N. myrkr, tene- 
brosus, obscurus, A.S. mire, Sw. mork, 
Dan. mork. 

Mirksome, adj. dark. 

Misbehodden, adj. disobliging, offen- 
sive. " I niwer gav her a misbehod- 
den word." 

Miscanter, n. a misadventure. 

Mischeef, n. misfortune. 

Miscoe, Pr. of miscall. 

Misconster, Corr. of misconstrue. 

Miserable, adj. greedy, covetous. 

Misfit, n. anything that does not fit or 
answer. 

Misforten, n. a palliative term for being 
improperly enceinte. 

Mish-mash, n. a confused mass, a hodge- 
podge. S.G. misk-mask, Sw. misch- 
masch, hodge-podge. 

Misken, v.t. to be ignorant of, not to 
know, to mistake. 

Mislike, v.t. to dislike. O.N. and Sw. 
mislika, displicere. 

Mislippen, v.t. to suspect. 

Mismannered, adj. unbecoming. 

Missin's, n. anything missing. "I's 
lukkan fer t' mis8irfs" = I am looking 
for the missing ones. 

Mistaen, ) 7 . . , -, 

Mistakken, ) ad >< mistake *- 

Mistress, n. a wife, the mistress of the 
house. 

Mite, n. a small worm. 

Mittens, n. hedging gloves, made of 
strong leather. 

Mixen, n. a dunghill. 

Mizzle, n. small rain. 

Moant, Corr. of must not. 

Moat, Pr. of malt. See Maut. 

Moat-cummens, n. the little beards or 
shoots when malt begins to sprout. 

Moat-kill, Pr. of malt-kiln. 

Mobble, v.t. to pelt with stones. 
56 



Moider, v.t. to distract or bewilder, to 
confuse or perplex. 

Moil, v.i. to toil or labour very hard. 

Mollicroy, ) v.t. to kill, to kill within 

Mollicruth, \ a little. 

Monny-feet, n. (1) the millipes. (2) 
The creeping crow-foot (ranunculus 
repens, Linn.). 

Mooed, adj. crowded, crammed. 

Mool, v.t. to rumple, to disorder. 

Moonleet-flit, n. removing one's goods 
from a house during the night with- 
out having paid the rent. 

Moored, adj. diseased with red water. 

Moor-pou't, n. a young grouse. 

Moosen, v.t. to guess by the handful. 

Mooter (Corr. of multure), n. the toll 
of corn taken by the miller for grind- 
ing it. Fr. mouture, grinding, miller's 
fee. 

Mooter, v.t. to take toll of corn at a 
mill, i.e. to appropriate a portion of 
it for the grinding. 

Mop, n. a meeting or fair where servants 
are hired. 

Mop, v.t. to look about in a lively 
noticing manner ; said of an infant. 
" She mops about." 

Moreover than that : Besides, over 
and above that. 

Morge, n. dirt in thin condition, sludge. 

Morish, adj. causing an inclination or 
appetite for more. 

Morn. See To-morn. 

Mort, n. a young salmon. 

Moss, n. a morass, a peat bog. 

Moss. " 1 can make neither moss nor 
sand on him = Make nothing of him. 

Moss-wood, n. trunks and stumps of 
trees, frequently found in morasses. 

Mottey, n. talk, speech, opinion. Pro- 
bably a corr. of motto. 

Mottey, n. the mark at which quoits 
are thrown. 

Moud, Pr. of mould. 

Mou'd-booard, n. a smooth curved plate 
of iron on a plough to facilitate the 
turning over of the soil after it has 
been cut by the coulter and share. 

Mon'dy, n. a mole-catcher. 

Mou'dy-warp, n. a mole. O.N. mold- 
varpa, talpa, Dan. muldvarp, A.S. 
moldewyrp, S.G. mullwcerpel. [From 
A.S. weorpan, to cast, O.N. verpa, to 
throw or heap up ; as, at verpa haug, 
garft, to heap up a grave-hill, a bank 
or fence. Ed.] 

Moul, v.i. to grow mouldy. 



MO 



NA 



Mouser, n. (1) a cat. (2) A mouse- 
catcher. 

Mouth-hod (Pr. of mouth-hold), n. 
plenty of grass for cattle. 

Mow, n. hay (more rarely corn) stacked 
or stored in a barn. AS. mowe. 

Mow-bornt-hay, n. hay which has fer- 
mented in the stack. 

Mow- stead, n. the division or portion 
of a barn appropriated to the recep- 
tion of a stack. 

Muck, v.t. (1) to manure land. (2) To 
cleanse out a cow-house or stable, 
etc. S.G. mocka, stabula purgare, 
fimum auferre. 

Muck, n. (1) manure, dirt. (2) A con- 
temptuous name for money. 

Muck-drag, n. a kind of fork, with 
three prongs bent down at right 
angles to the handle, for pulling 
manure out of a cart. 

Muck-fork, n. a dung-fork. 

Muck-heap, n. (1) a dunghill. (2) A 
dirty, untidy person. 

Muckment, n. dirt, or anything worth- 
less. " It's nowt but muckment" 

Muck-middin', n. a dunghill. 

Muck-sweat, n. excessive perspiration. 
" He's o' of a muck-sweat." 

Mucky, adj. dirty, wet, rainy. "It's 
nobbut mucky weddher." 

Mucky, v.t. to dirty, to soil. 

Mud, adj. muddy, confused, muddled. 

Mud, v. aux. must, might. 

Mudder, (1) Pr. of mother. (2) The 
womb. Sw. moder, womb, A. S. moder, 
O.Fris. moder. 

Muddher, n. a thick slimy substance 
for converting wine into vinegar. 
S.G. modder, foex, spurcities ista, quae 
in fundo doliorum residet. 

Muddly, adj. thick, foggy. 

Mue (Corr. of mow), v.t. to make mouths. 

Muffs, n. woollen gloves without sepa- 
rate fingers. S.G. muff, manica hye- 
malis. 

Mug, n. a fog or mist. 

Mug, n. a sheep without horns. 

Muggle, ) v.^.toskulkawayunobserved, 

Miggle, \ or by stealth. 

Muggy, adj. close and damp, generally 
applied to the weather. 

Mull, adj. the small or dusty part of 
turf or peat. Gael, mul, "W. mwlwg, 
sweepings, Du. mul, the dust or 
crumbling of turf, N. Fris. mull, 
Sw. mull, mould, earth, dust, M.G. 
muld. 



Mumchance, To sit. To sit lifeless, 
and without joining in the conver- 
sation. 

Mummle, Pr. of mumble. 

Mummle, n. a mumbling, a murmur. 
Sw. mummel. " He tokes o' of a mum- 
mle, yan can't tell what a say." 

Mump, v.i. to be sulky. 

Mump, v. t. to eat heartily. O.N. mumpa, 
inter buccas recipere, de voraci esu 
dicitur. 

Mun, n. the mouth. "To maiyak muns 
at" is to make mouths at. O.Fris. 
mund, O.N. munnr, Sw. mun, Dan. 
mund, M.G. muns. 

Mun, v. aux. must. O.N. mun, pres. 
ind. verbi auxil. muna. 

Mun-be, n. an unavoidable event. 

Munce : must I, 

Munnet : must not. 

Munt, '<u. to hint by signs. [Probably a 
form of 'mint,' the more usual mean- 
ings of whicii are to aim^» intend, 
make a show of doing a thing ; whence 
would follow the meaning given here. 
Ed.] 

Murgeon, n. rubbish, earth cut up and 
thrown aside in order to get peats. 

Murky, adj. obscure, dark. 

Murl, v.t. to crumble, to fall in pieces. 

Musk 1 v%t to crush or crumble - 
Mush, n. anything mashed, crushed or 

bruised refuse. 
Mushmeat, n. food in a pulpy state, or 

nearly so. 
Mushment, n. the dusty refuse of any 

dry substance. 
Muzzle, v.i. (1) to drink excessively. 

(2) To trifle, to skulk. 
Muzzlin', adj. trifling, drinking. 
Muzzy, adj. half-drunk, stupefied with 

liquor. 

Mysen, } m ^ sel£ See Mesel. 



N 



Naiva > "^ r ' °^ n0 ' " ■"■ ^ ae na brass " 
Neaf ) =I have no mone y- 
Nab, n. (1) a cant term for the head. 
(2) The summit of an abrupt eminence 
or steep place, a height. S.G. nabb, 
promontorium. 
Nafflin', n. one almost an idiot. 
57 



NA 



NE 



Nag, v.t. (1) to natter or nibble as a 
mouse. (2) To be querulous and 
sarcastic. Sw. nagga, to nibble, to 
peck, Dan. nage, to gnaw. 

Naggin-pain, n. a slight but constant 
and annoying pain ; of toothache, etc. 

haggle, v.t. to gnaw. 

Naggy, adj. touchy, irritable, quarrel- 
some. 

Nawder ( P r - of neither. See Nowther. 
Nail, Thou can't say black's my. I 

defy you to impeach my integrity. 
Nailer, n. a person who makes or sells 

nails. 
Nancey-pretty (Corr. of "None so 

pretty "), n. the lesser London Pride. 
Nanny, n. a goat. 
Nanny -pie, n. a kind of oats ; perhaps 

from their being partly black in the 

husk, and looking somewhat like a 

magpie. 
Nantle^.^. to caress, to fondle. 
Nap, a stroke, a blow. " I gev him a 

nap"=I gave him a stroke. 
Nap -at -noon, n. the purple goat's 

beard {Trapogon porrifolius. Linn.) 

which expands its flowers only in the 

forenoon, after which they close. 
Nappy, n. (1) fine ale. (2) Toddy. 
Nappy, adj. a little intoxicated. 
Nar, adj. nearer. 
Narmest, adj. nearest. Sw. narmast, 

nearest, next. 
Narrst, adj. nearest. O.N. ncerst. 
Nasty, adj. (1) dirty. (2) Ill-tempered, 

disagreeable. 
Natches, Pr. of notches. 
Nater, ) , 

Nathur, } n - nature - 
Natter. See Gnatter. 
Nattercrop, n. a peevish person. 
Nattered, adj. ill-tempered. 
Nattle, v.i. to be busy about trifles. 
Naughty-pack, n. an old phrase of 

abuse ; but in N. Lonsd. applied to 

children in a softer manner. 
Nay, v. a. to deny. 
Nay-say, n. a refusal. 
Nay-then ; a phrase implying doubt, 

disappointment, or wonder. " Nay- 

then, if that be t' keyas (case), I'll 

away " = Indeed ! then in that case 

I shall go. 
Neaf, 7v. the fist. O.N. hnefi, pugnus, 

Dan. nceve, Sw. nafve, fist, hand. 
Neaf, Double- n. the clenched fist. 
Neaf -full, n. a handfull. 
58 



Neak, Pr. of nook. 

Neamel, Corr. of nimble. 

Neamly, Pr. of namely. 

Nean, Pr. of noon. 

Neapins, both hands full. 

Near, adj. (1) the left side of a horse 
is usually termed the near side. (2) 
Close, penurious. 

Near-hand, adv. almost. 

Nearmer, adj. nearer. Dan. narmere. 

Nearmest, adj. nearest. Dan. ncermest. 

Near-scented, adj. not catching the 
scent till too near. 

Neawhar, Pr. of nowhere. 

Neb, n. (1) the nose. (2) A bill or 
beak of a bird. A.S. neb, O.N. nebbi, 
rostrum avium. 

Nebber, Pr. of neighbour. 

Necked, adj. broken in the neck ; ap- 
plied to corn beaten by wind. 

Nedder, Pr. of nether ; as, "Nedder 
Kellet," "Nedder Wyresdale," "Ned- 
der Carke." 

Neddhermer, adj. nearer, lower. 

Neddy, n. a jackass. 

Neese, v.i. to sneeze. A.S. niesan, 
O.N. hnjosa, Dan. nyse, to sneeze, 
Sw. nysa, Du. niesen, 

Neest, adj. nighest. 

Neet, Pr. of night. 

Neet, n. (1) the egg of a louse. (2) 
Five sheaves of grain set upright. 

Nep, v.t. See Knep. 

Ner, conj. nor, than. O.Fris. ner, nor, 
than. 

Nesh, adj. tender, soft, delicate, weak. 
AS. hnesc, M.G. hnasgs. 

Nesht, Corr. of next. 

Nesp, v. t. to pick off the ends of goose- 
berries. 

Nesp, n. the calyx of a gooseberry. G. 
knospe, a bud. 

Ness, n. a promontory. Sw. nas, a cape, 
a promontory. 

™;H- tofid s etabout - 

Nestlin', n. the smallest bird in the nest. 

Nether- side, n. the side at which a 
horse is mounted. 

Nettin, n. old urine, chamber lye. 
O.Fris. netten. - 

Neuk, Pr. of nook. 

New-comes, n. strangers newly arrived. 

Newel, n. a pillar of wood or stone in 
which the steps of a winding stair- 
case terminate. 

New-land, n, land newly broken up 
and ploughed. 



NE 



NTT 



Neyable, Corr. of navel. 

Neyakt, Pr. of naked. 

Neyam, Pr. of name. 

Nibs, n. the small handles attached to 
the pole of a scythe. 

Nicely, adv. well in health. 

Nick, v.t. (1) to deceive, to cheat. (2) 
To catch in the act. 

Nicked i' t' heead= Crazy. 

Nick-stick, n. a tally or stick notched 
for reckoning. 

Niffy-naffy, adj. insignificant, trifling. 
"He's a niffy-naffy fellow." 

Nifle, v.t. to steal articles of small value, 
to pilfer. 

Niggle, (1) v.t. to nibble, to eat or do 
anything mincingly, to haggle in a 
bargain. (2) v.i. To walk with short, 
mincing steps. 

Nigglin', adj. contemptible, mean. 

Nigh, v.t. to approach, to touch. 

Nighest-about : a term applied to the 
shortest cut. 

Ninmiel, Pr. of nimble. 

Ning-nang, n. a sorry jade of a horse. 

Nip, n. a pinch, a small quantity. 

Nip-cheese, n. a miserly person. 

Nip-fit, n. a tight fit ; said of any 
garment that fits tightly. 

Nip up, v.t. to snatch up hastily. 

Nirl, n. a knot. 

Nivver, Corr. of never. 

Noah's-arks, n. cirrus clouds, supposed 
to resemble the ark, indicating rain. 
[The Cleveland form of this word is 
Noe-ship, the Pro v. Sw. being Noa- 
skeppet, where Noa is a corruption of 
the genitive of Odin, who was the 
God of the waters and weather gene- 
rally. Thus, ark is a corruption, ex- 
tending to Denmark as well as over 
much of England. The Dan. prov. 
phrase is Ar/cen bygges (the ark is 
built) ; in Clevel. it is said "JYoe 
ship 's oopP Ed.] 

Noan, Pr. of none. 

Nob, n. (1) the head : hence (2) A 
person in a superior station in 
life. 

Nob, v.t. to strike. See Nope. 

Nobbut (Contr. of bought but), adv. 
only. 

Noddle, v.i. (1) to be half asleep. (2) 
To shake the head. 

Noddy: the name of an old game at 
cards, where anyone who makes 21 
is called a noddy or simpleton. 

Noddy, n. a fool. 



Noddy-pate, n. a simpleton. 

No-far, adv. not far, i.e. near. 

Noggin, n. (1) a double glass of spirits. 
(2) A small wooden kit. 

Noggs, n. the game of nine-pins. 

Noggy-wife, n. strong linen thread. 

Noit, \ n. the time during which a cow 

Note, ] gives mUk. 

Nooan. See Noan. 

Nooat, Pr. of note. 

Nook, n. the fireside, the chimney 
corner in farm-houses. 

Nope, n. a small blow. " I gev him a 
nope on t' heead." 

Nope, v.t. to give a knock. 

Noper, n. a blow on the head. " I gev 
him a noper.'" 

Nor, adv. than. 

Notch-stick, n. a tally or notched stick. 
See Nick-stick. 

Nought-at-dow : used adjectively of 
persons ; worthless. 

Nouth, Pr. of north. 

Nows and thens, At. Occasionally. 
"Nobbut nows and thens" = Only 
now and then. 

Nowt (Pr. of nought), adv. nothing. 
" He's noivt to me " = Is no relation 
to me. At nowt, on no consideration 
whatever. It fits o' to nout, it fits 
exactly. 

Nowther, conj. neither. 

Noyls, n. the refuse of wool and 
silk. 

Nub, v.t. to give a hint or signal by a 
private touch with the hand, elbow, 
or foot. 

Nub, n. a hint so given. 

Nuddher, Corr. of another. 

Numb, adj. dull, stupid. 

Nurses, n. the kidneys. "She was weel 
ligged-on i' t' nurses " = There was 
much fat about the kidneys ; said of 
a slaughtered beast. O.N. nyra, a 
kidney, S.G. njura. (Rask, p. 51.) 

Nuts, To fight. The nuts are threaded 
on a string, and one of them being 
slipped to the end of the string is 
laid on a boy's cap, when his an- 
tagonist, with another nut similarly 
strung and slipped to the end, en- 
deavours to crack it by a stroke with 
his own. This is done by each boy 
alternately until one of the nuts yields. 
See Job -nuts. 

Nuzzling, n. (1) spending time on trifles. 
(2) Nestling. 



59 



OA 



OU 



o 



Oalas, Pr. of always. 

Obbut ! Pr. of Oh but ! 

Od swinge, a rustic oath. 

Odd, adj. single. 

Odd, n. a small point of land or pro- 
montory; as, "Green Odd." N. Fris. 
odd, Isl. oddr, lingula terrse. 

OdSe e r,' | Pr " of other « 

Oddments, n. trifles, remnants. 

'Od drat it, ~) 

'Od rabbet it, f a species of mild im- 

'Od rot it, f precation. 

'Od wite it, ) 

Odds, n. difference. "At odds " = At vari- 
ance. 

Od zoes, a veiled oath — God's woes. 

Off-at-hooks (used as an adj.), out of 
temper, or unwell. 

Off-at-side, ) ,. . 

Off-it \ J ' msane * 

Off-come, n. a stranger. 

Off- cummin', adj. off- coming. 

Offen, Pr. of often. 

Off-gangin', adj. A word qualifying 
an outgoing tenant's proportion of 
the wheat crop of a farm, tilled for 
and sown by himself, but not reaped 
until after he has left the farm. See 
Away-going. 

Ofter, adv. oftener. 

Oggle, v.i. to stare. (Probably a corr. 
of ogle). 

O-i-t'-well. A game practised, at races 
and fairs and other places of amuse- 
ment, with three pegs, which are put 
into three circular holes made in the 
ground, about two feet apart, and 
forming a triangle. In this case each 
hole contains a peg about two feet 
long upon which is deposited either 
a small knife or some copper. The 
person playing gives so much for 
each stick he throws at the pegs, 
and gets all the articles that are 
thrown off so as to fall on the out- 
side of the holes. A game somewhat 
corresponding to that of "Aunt Sally" 
in the South. 

Olderman, Corr. of alderman. 

Ole, Pr. of owl. 

Olyet, n. an ey let-hole. 

Ome, Pr. of elm. 

Ommost, adv. almost. 

On, prep. of. " Mek mich on him." 
60 



Onely (pr. oanly), adj. lonely, solitary. 

Onnish, adj. somewhat advanced. "He 
was on?iish-like i' drink." 

Onny, Pr. of any. 

Onny-bit like. " I'll cum an t' weddher 
be onny-bit MJce"=l will come if the 
weather be at all decent. 

Onset, n. a dwelling-house and out- 
buildings. 

Onst (pr. wonst), adv. once. 

Oo, pron. he, she. 

Ooath, Pr. of oath. 

Ooavl (Corr. of hovel or huwil), n. a 
finger-poke. [The word hovel (huwil 
or hufne) in Cleveland is a diminu- 
tive from O.E. how, howve, hoove, a 
hood. Ed.] 

Ooer (Corr. of ower for over), adj. upper. 

Ooerlive, ) (Pr. of over-live), v.t. to 

Owerleeve, ] outlive. 0. Fris. urliva. 

Oon, n. an oven. S.G. ugn. 

Oostan, Pr. of Ulverston. 

Oozle (Pr. of ouzel), n. a blackbird. 
A.S. osle. 

Oppen, Pr. of open. 

Oration, n. noise, uproar. 

Orchen (Pr. of urchin), n. a hedgehog. 

Orchet, Corr. of orchard. 

Orled, adj. not thriving. 

Ornary, Corr. of ordinary. 

Orts, n. the refuse of hay left in the 
stall by cattle. [Cf. Jutland, orred, 
orret, the remnants of fodder wasted 
or rejected by the cattle ; other Dan. 
prov. forms being ort, ovret, or owed. 
Ed.] 

Oss, v.i. and t. to try, to offer, begin, 
attempt, or set about anything. "He 
nivver osses"=He never makes the 
attempt. W. osi, to offer to do, to 
attempt. 

Other, conj. either. 

Othergates, adv. otherwise. 

Othersome, adj. others. 

Ouer, prep, over, above, beyond. u 0uer 
and aboon " = Over and above. 

Ouergit, v.t. to overtake. 

Ouer-welted, adj. overturned. AS. 
ofer, over, and wealtian, to roll. 

Ouer-year, adj. over-year ; as, "An 
ouer-year ham"=A ham of last year. 
Du. overjarigh, above a year. 

Ought, n. anything. 

Oumer, v.t. to shadow. Fr. ombrer, to 
shadow, to shade, Lat. umbra. 

Ousen, n. oxen. 

Out' AU- | adv ' Mlj > com P letel 7- 



ou 



PA 



Out, ) -pi 

Outin' ( n ' an excursi0n °f pleasure. 

Outbreck (Pr. of outbreak), n. a crop- 
ping out. When a vein of coal, free- 
stone, etc. appears on the surface it 
is called an outbreck. 

Outeu, adv. out of doors. 

Out -louse, n. the privilege of turning 
out cattle on a common. 

Out-o-heart, adj. out of condition ; of 
land. 

Outrake, n. a free passage for sheep 
from enclosed land to an open com- 
mon. 

Outs, To be at. To be in a state of 
variance with any. 

Outshot, n. a projection, a lean-to. 

Outside, adj. solitary, retired, lonely. 

Overseen, adj. tipsy. 

Ower-t'-hip, To have one over = To 
have the upper hand of him. (Origin- 
ally a term in wrestling). 

Owler, Corr. of alder. 

Owts, n. any considerable quantity. 
" Hez ta owts on it ? " = Have you 
any considerable quantity of it 1 
Simply a corruption of ought. 



Pace-eggs, n. eggs boiled hard and 
dyed or stained various colours, given 
to children at the time of Easter. 

Pack, n. (1) a heap or quantity. (2) A 
pedlar's bundle. (3) A flock of cer- 
tain animals. 

Pack, v.i. to collect together as birds 
do in flocks. 

Packman, n. a pedlar. 

Packneedle, n. a very small eel ; which 
somewhat resembles the instrument 
so called. 

Pack-rag-day, n. the last day of a fair, 
when clothiers, etc. pack up their 
remnants. 

Pack-thread, To talk = To talk non- 
sense. 

Packway, n. a narrow paved way, by 
which goods could be conveyed only 
on pack-horses. 

Packy, adj. heavy with clouds packed 
together ; thus they say before a 
thunderstorm, "It luks packy" 

Pad, v.t. to make a path by walking on 
an untracked surface. 

Pad, n. (1) a sort of saddle on which 
country market women commonly 



ride, different both from the pack- 
saddle and the side-saddle, of a clumsy 
make, and padded and quilted. Used 
likewise by millers and malsters. (2) 
A path. A.S. paad, 0. Fris. pad, Du. 
padt, a path. 

Paddle, (1) v.i. to make short steps in 
walking. (2) v.t. To support a child 
as yet unable to walk, so as to aid it 
in its attemps to use its feet. 

Paddock, n. a toad. AS. pad, a toad, 
O.N. padda, rana, Du. padda, Sw. 
padda, Dan. padde. 

Paddock-speyan, n. the spawn of the 
toad. [padde-stoel. 

Paddock-steyal, n. a toad-stool. Du. 

Pad-rooad, n. a footpath. 

Pair-of-stairs, n. a flight of stairs. 

Paise, v.i. to walk about leisurely, or 
lazily. [In Clevel. the iovm. plsling 
(pr. pahsling), and meaning saunter- 
ing, lounging about lazily or heavily, 
occurs, which I collate with the nearly 
synonymous Prov. Sw. pisla, and 
pislig, poorly, indisposed. No doubt 
eventually referrible to a common 
source with A.S. pise, pislic, heavy. 
Ed.] 

Pakky, n. a small or young eel, some- 
times called a packneedle. 

Pan, v.i. (1) to fit or tally. (2) To frame 
or offer as a learner. 

Panches (a form of paunches), n. tripe. 

Pannage, n. (1) the mast of the oak 
and beech which swine feed on in 
the woods. (2) The right of turning 
out hogs to feed on mast in woods. 

Panter, n. a snare for birds, made of 
hair. 

Pappy, n. (1) the female breast. (2) 
The nipple of the same. (3) A 
mother's milk. 

Par, Pr. of pair. 

Pare, v.i. to go off, to get worse. "T' 
compares fearfully." 

Parget, v.t. to plaister or whitewash. 

Paring, n. injury, corruption. 

Parkin, n. a sort of cake made of oat- 
meal and treacle. 

Parlish (Corr. of perilous), adv. exceed- 
ingly ; as, "Parlish rich." 

Parrock, n. a small field for calves, etc. 
A.S. parruc or pearroc. 

Parsel, n. parsley. 

Pash, v.t. (1) to strike with violence so 
as to break to pieces. (2) To walk 
or trudge about. " He's olas pashin 
about." 

61 



PA 



PE 



Pash, n, a heavy shower. 

Pashy, adj. wet, rainy ; as, "pashy 
weather:" also dirty; as, " A pashy 
road." 

Patrick, Corr. of partridge. 

Pattle, v.t. to pat gently with the hand. 

Pattle, n. a small sharp spade to edge 
sods with, or clean ploughs. 

Pauk, v.i. to go about awkwardly or 
slowly. 

Pauky, adj. inquisitive. 

Pauling (Corr. of tarpaulin), n. a cover- 
ing for a cart or waggon. 

Paum, Pr. of palm. 

Paums, w. the catkins of the willow. 

Paum- Sunday, n. the Sunday before 
Easter. 

Paup, v. i. "T&paup about " = To walk 
about meaninglessly. 

Pawt, v.i. to potter, to do work in an 
idle, slovenly way. 

Pea-swad, ) -, 

Pey-swad, | ^ pea-pod. 

Peaking, adj. prying. 

Peakish, adj. simple, rude. 

Peal, n. a noise or uproar. 

Pean, v.t. to strike or beat. 

Pearching, adj. cold, penetrating, pinch- 
ing. 

Peark, v.i. to peep, to pry inquisitively. 

Pearkers, w. young rooks able to perch. 
A form of 'perchers.' 

Peddle, w. light and easy employment ; 
as, "It would be a nice peddle for 
him "= Employment without much 
labour, suited to one not capable of 
much exertion. 

Peddle, v.t. to do anything slightly, to 
trifle, to do work ineffectually. 

Pedlar' s-basket, w. a name for the ivy- 
leaved snapdragon {Antirrhinum cym- 
ballaria, Linn.). 

Pee, v.i. to look with one eye, to squint, 
to take aim. 

Peed, adj. blind of one eye. 

Peeping-hide, n. a nursery pastime, in 
which the child is amused by the 
alternate hiding and exposure of the 
face. 

Peerk, v.i. to walk consequentially. 

Peert, adj. brisk, lively. 

Peevish, adj. (1) cunning. (2) Cross, 
crusty. 

Peewit : a shout or cry of " peewit " 
made use of by boys in the game of 
" Hounds and hare : " — 

" Hark in t' hollow, 
T' dogs waint follow, 
If t' yar dus'nt cry Peewit." 
62 



Peg, (1) v.i. to move briskly. (2) v.t. To. 
beat. 

Peggy, n. a simpleton. 

Peil, v.t. and i. (1) to trouble, to harass. 
(2) To be actively or energetically 
moving or working. 

Peimealston, n. a granite boulder-stone. 

Pelk, v.t. to beat, to thrash. 

Pell, n. a heavy shower of rain or hail, 
with strong wind. 

Pelse, n. (1) trash, refuse, vile stuff. 
(2) A mean, worthless person. 

Pelt, n. a skin with the fur on. 

Pelt, n. (1) a blow or stroke. (2) A 
rage or passion. 

Pelter, n. anything large. 

Pelter, v.t. to batter, to beat. 

Pen, n. the root of a feather. 

Pen. This word is said to be of Phoe- 
nician extraction, and signifies head 
or eminence. We have many names 
in Cornwall, Wales, and Cumberland 
which begin with pen: — Pen- wort- 
ham, Pew-court, Pen-dock, Pew-dre, 
Pew-hill, Pew-man Maur, Pew-ning- 
ton in Furness, Pew-y-gent, Pew-ryth, 
Pew-ryn, Pew-zance, Pew -ruddock, 
Pew-dragon, Pew-domer, Pew-ning- 
ham (Wigton), Pe^-brook, Pew-den, 
Pew-cher, Pew-coyd, Pew-comb, Pew- 
creek, Pew-nicuik, Pew-nister (York), 
Pew-denelow, Pew-dennis, Pew-den- 
nock Point, Pew-dle-hill, Pew-dle 
Forest, Pew-dleton. 

Penfeddher, w. (1) a word descriptive of 
the state of young birds before the 
feathers have become developed. (2) 
A term applied to a horse whose hair 
is rough. 

Pent'us, (Pr. of penthouse), w. the part 
of a roof which projects over the 
outer wall of a house, and sometimes 
sufficiently wide to walk under ; also 
an open shed or projection over a 
door. W. penty, a penthouse. 

Pepper, v.t. (1) to rate or scold. (2) 
To beat, to thrash. 

Penal, w, three cards of the same 
number. Corr. of pair royal. 

Perished, adj. starved with cold. 

Perk, v.t. to start up, to grow brisk. 
W. perc, compact, trim, lively. 

Perky, adj. saucy. 

Pern, v. i.to over-roast or dry, to shrivel up. 

Pesterment, w. embarassment. 

Pet, n. (1) an angry mood. " She tuk th' 
pet an wodn't cum." (2) A cade or 
house lamb. 



PE 



PI 



Pet-lip, n. a hanging lip. 

Pett, adj. petted. 

Petted, adj. indulged, spoilt. 

Pettish, adj. passionate, ill-humoured, 
cross. 

Petties, n. low or mean grammar 
scholars. The lower scholars at Cart- 
mel school were formerly so called. 

Pettle, v.i. to coax, to play with, to trifle. 

Pettlement, n. easy, trifling jobs of work. 

Pettling, adj. trifling. 

Peyl, v.t. (1) to weary. (2) To beat. 
See Peil. 

Piannet, n. (1) a magpie. M. piednat, 
a magpie, W.pioden. (2) A peony. 

Pick, n. pitch. " It's as dark as pick." 
W. pyg, pitch, Gael, pic, M. pick, 
A.S. pic, O.Fris. pik, Du. pick, Finn. 
pihka. 

Pick, n. a sharp-pointed mason's tool 
for facing limestone. 

Pick, v.t. (1) to fling or pitch, to push 
suddenly. (2) To cast a calf ; as, 
"T' cow's picked her coaf." (3) To 
glean corn. 

Pick-dark, adj. quite or pitch dark. 

Picker, n. the man who pitches corn or 
hay up on to the waggon. 

Pickfork, ) n. a pitchfork. Dan. pik, 

Piksfork, ] a pike. 

Pickle, n. a small quantity. 

Pickle, v. t. to soak wheat. 

Picks, n. pi. diamonds at cards. Pro- 
bably from their two sharp points 
resembling a limestone pick. 

Pick up, v.i. to vomit. 

Piddle, v.i. to go about pretending to 
work, but doing little or nothing. 

Pie, To make a. To combine in order 
to make money. 

Piece, n. (1) a field or enclosure. (2) 
A little while. 

Pienanny, n. a magpie. 

Pig-cote, n. a pig-sty. 

Piggin, n. a small wooden vessel made 
in the manner of a half barrel, and 
having one stave longer than the 
rest for a handle. W.picyn, a wooden 
vessel hooped. 

Pig-hull, n. a pig-sty. 

Pignut, n. the earthnut. {Bunium 
Jlexuosum). 

Pigtail, n. a farthing candle. 

Pike, v.t. to pick. 

Pike, n. (1) the summit of a rocky 
mountain ; as Stickle Pike, near 
Broughton, in Furness. (2) A large 
cock of hay. Dan. pik. 



Pike, n. a hay-fork, a pitch-fork. 
Piked, adj. pointed. 

Pikelin \ n ' a sort of muffin - 

Pile, n. (1) a blade of grass. (2) The 
head of an arrow. M. pyle, a sharp- 
pointed iron ferule on an arrow, O.N. 
pila, sagitta, pilum, Sw. pil, arrow, 
bolt, shaft, Dan. pil, id. (3) A small 
tower. 

Pile, Cross and, Cross and Poll, Cross 
and Head. On early pennies the 
obverse had the king's head on it, 
and on the reverse was a cross. At 
this cross the penny for change was 
often cut into four farthings. 

Pill-gill, n. a raree show. 

Pin, On the. On the qui vive. 

Pin, In a merry. In a merry humour. 

Pin, v.t. (1) to do a thing in haste. (2) 
To fasten down, to secure. "VHpin 
him "= I'll secure him. 

Pinch, v.t. to plait linen. 

Pinch, n. the game of pitch-halfpenny, 
or pitch-and-hustle. 

Pinder, v.t. to scorch, to shrivel up 
by the action of fire. 

Pine, v.t. to hunger, to famish. A.S. 
pinan, to grow lean. 

Pinfold, n. a pound for cattle. 

Pink, n. a young salmon. 

Pink, v.t. to strike a blow at the eyes. 

Pink of a fellow, A= An extraordinary 
character. 

Pinnel, n. hard clayey gravel. 

Pipe, v.t. to cry, to whimper, to whine. 
Sw. pipa, to pipe, whine, cry, Dan. 
pibe. 

Pipe -stopper, n. a broken piece of a 
clay tobacco pipe. 

Pipin', n. the noise made by bees pre- 
paratory to swarming, 

Pippin, n. (1) the seed of an apple. (2) 
A species of apple which contains a 
large core. 

Pips, 7o. the flowers of cowslips used 
in making cowslip wine. 

Pirn, n. a stick with a loop of cord for 
twisting on the nose of a refractory 
horse . 

Pirned, adj. dried up, pined. 

Pirns, n. a kind of ring for a vicious 
cow's nose. 

Pirty, Corr. of pretty. 

Pismire, n, an ant. S.G. myra, formica, 
A.S. myra, Du. pismeire, an ant. 

Pissibed, n. the dandelion. D\i.pisse- 
bedde, Fr. pissenlit, dandelion . 
63 



PI 



PR 



Pitch, v.t. to pave roughly. 

Pitched, adj. of cheese exposed at fairs 

or markets by the dairy and not by 

sample. "To pitch a dairy" is to 

carry the whole to the market or fair 

at once. 
Pitcher, n. the man who lifts or pitches 

the reaped corn or hay up on the 

waggon. 
Pith, n. force, strength, might. 
Pit-steeads, n. circular places in coppice 

wood, where charcoal has been made. 
Pitted, adj. matched. 
Plack, n. a piece of money. 
Plantin', n. a plantation. [dabble. 

Plash, n. a puddle. Sw, plaska, to 
Plash, v.t. to cut (hedges). 
Plat, n. (1) a long heap of hay. (2) A 

small foot-bridge. 
Play-sharp : be quick. 
Plean (Pr. of plain), v.t. to tell tales 

against, to complain fretfully. Fr. 

se plaindre, to complain, to lament. 
Plean, n. a tell-tale. 
Pleanin', adj. complaining. 
Plea'nipie, n. a tale-bearer. 
Please, v.t. to satisfy, to pay. 
Pletts, n. plaits. 
Plightly, adv. diligently. 
Plish, v.t. (1) to blister. (2) To excite 

the redness in the skin which pre- 
cedes a blister. 
Ploo-suck, n. a ploughshare. 
Plop, n. the noise of anything falling 

into water. Gael, plab, a soft noise, 

as of a body falling into water, 
Pluck, n. the heart, liver and lungs of 

an animal. 
Pluckin', n. the worsted plucked from 

the machine while the wheel turns. 
Plug, v.t. to pull (as the hair). S.G. 

plocka, vellere. 
Plum, adj. upright, perpendicular. Plum 

down. 
Plump, adv. exactly, directly. "Plump 

up " = Up to the mark. 
Poached, adj. of land trodden by cattle 

when in a wet state. 
Poachin', adj. swampy. 

Po oboes, | n - P orrid g e — a child ' s term - 

Pock-arr, n. a pock-mark. 

Pock-arred, \ adj. marked with the 

Pock-marked, ) small-pox. 

Pock-mark, n, a scar left by the small- 
pox. A. S. poc, a pock, a pustule. 

Pod, n. a foot — generally a child's. 
" Put down thi lile pod" 
64 



Pod, v.t. to shoot a marble unfairly by 

jerking the hand. 
Poddinger, n. a coarse earthenware pot 

with a handle, used for eating por- 
ridge from. 
Poddish, Corr. of porridge. " Seyav 

thee wind to cool thee poddish ; " a 

saucy phrase. M. poddash, potage. 
Poddish-pot, n. the same as Poddinger. 
Point, v.t. to fill up the joints of a wall 

with mortar. 
Point the earth, To. To put down one's 

foot to the ground. 
Pointer, n. a guide-post. 
Poke, n. a bag or sack. 
Poky, adj. inquisitive. 
Polled-cow, n. a cow without horns. 
Poo, Pr. of pull. 
Pook, n. the belly, the stomach. 
Poortmantle, n. a bag for a cloak or 

mantle, a portmanteau. 
Popple, v.i. to bubble up. 
Porfle, v.t. to hoard, to save. 
Porker, n. a young hog fatted for the 

purpose of being eaten fresh. 
Porriwinkles, Corr. of periwinkles. 
Portapin, n. a teetotum. 
Poss, v.t. to dash or shake anything 

forcibly in the water. 
Possy (Pr. of Pursy), adj. thick, short, 

fat. 
Pot-crate, n. a large open basket to 

carry crockery in. 
Pote, n. a small stroke on the head. 
Pots, 11. crockery. 

Potscar, ) n. a potsherd or piece of 
Pot-share, ) broken pottery. 
Potter, ii. a hawker of earthenware. 
Potter, v.t. to poke. 
Pottery-ware, n. earthenware. 
Pottiker, n. an apothecary. 
Pouk, 11. a pimple or blister. 
Pou't (Pr. of poult), n. a young bird. 
Pow, 11. the poll or head. 
Pow, v.t. to cut the hair of the head. 
Powder, v.i. to bustle, to hasten. 
Powdered, p.p. sprinkled over. "A 

garment powdered with purple studs." 
Powse, n. dirt, refuse, ofi'al. W. ptis, 

what is expelled. 
Powsement, n, refuse, lumber. 
Pox, 11. the small-pox. 
Prattle -basket, n. a prattling child. 
Prayed-for, p.p. churched. Sometimes 

said ironically of parties asked in 

church. 
Preachment, n. a sermon. 
Prease, n. (1) choice. (2) Invitation. 



PR 



PY 



Prease, v.t. to invite, to press. " Ye'll 
need na preasin "= You will need no 
invitation. 

Prent, Pr. of print. 

Prick, v.t. to trace a hare's footsteps. 

Pricker, n. (1) a sprig-bit or carpenter's 
awl. (2) Any sharp-pointed instru- 
ment. 

Prickin's, n. the footsteps of a hare. 

Prickle, v.t. to prick. 

Prick-louse, n. a nickname for a tailor. 

Prick-lugged, adj. having erect ears. 

Prickly-back, n. the stickleback. 

Pride o' t' weddher. Fineness of the 
weather. " It's nobbut t' pride o' f 
weddker;" said of the weather during 
a few drops of summer rain. 

Primed, adj. exhilarated with liquor. 

Princy-cock, n. a dandified, conceited 
young fellow. 

Print, n. the mark made by the foot of 
a fox. 

Prise, n. a lever, a purchase obtained 
by leverage. 

Prise, v.t. to employ leverage on any 
object ; as, " To prise open a box." 

Proas, n. talk, conversation of a gos- 
siping order. [Pross is the usual 
form. Ed.] 

Prod, n. any sharp-pointed instrument. 
Dan. prod. 

Prod, v.t. to thrust, to poke, or push. 

Proddle, v.t. (1) to thrust. (2) To make 
holes. 

Pross, v.i. to look big and of consequence. 

Prossin', adj. bumptious. 

Prossy, adj. consequential-looking. 

Prou, interj. a call to cattle when loiter- 
ing to urge them to go faster. 

Proud, adj. (1) luxuriant. "T' field's 
gay proud " = In good condition. (2) 
Full, high. " That joint's too proud" 
= Too full or prominent ; said of 
mares. (3) Swelling. (4) Maris ap- 
petens. 

Prouk, v.t. to decorate, to dress in a 
showy, affected manner, 

Prouler, n. a thief. 

Proven [a form of Provand, O.E. pro- 
vende, from Lat. prmbendum, Ed.], n. 
provender, provision. 

Prow, v.t. to dig or throw up mould, to 
root amongst anything. 

Pubble, adj. plump, full ; spoken of 
corn or fruit. 

Pudder, n. confusion, bother. 

Pudding-kite, n. a young bird just out 
of the shell. 



Puddins, n. the intestines. 

Pudgy, adj. short and stout. 

Pug-feyaced, adj. monkey-faced. 

Puke, n. an emetic. 

Pum, v.t. to beat or thump. "Pum him 
weel, he desarves it." 

Pumhead, n. (1) a sort of limber-handled 
bat to strike the knor in the game 
Spell and knor. (2) A stupid fellow, 
a blockhead. " Thou girt pumheyad? 

Pummer, n. anything big or large. 
"Eeh, what a, pummer." 

Pump, v.i. pedere. 

Pump, n. crepitus ventris. 

Punch, v.t. to kick with the feet. 

Punch, n. a hard kick with the foot. 

Punfaad (Corr. of pinfold), n. a pound 
for cattle. 

Piirdy, n. a short, broad, fat person. 

Purely, adj. hearty, nicely, quite well. 

Purtenance, n. an animal's intestines. 

Push-pin, n. a name for a child's play, 
in which pins are pushed with an 
endeavour to cross them. 

Pussomed, p.p. poisoned. 

Put, n. a game at cards. 

Put, v.t. to push or butt with the horns, 
as cattle do. W. pwtiaw, to poke or 
thrust against, Gael, put, push or 
thrust, M. puth, to push, Fin. pusken, 
cornibus peto vel ferio, ut taurus. 
^if }\i meputtest in >et e?e (if thou 
thrustest me in the eye) occurs in 
Old English Homilies (E.E.T.S.) at 
p. 15. Ed.] 

Put about, To. To give trouble or 
concern to, to teaze or worry. 

Put on, To. To manage or contrive a 
subsistence. 

Putre, v.i. to cry, to whimper. 

Putt en, p.p. of To put. 

Putter, n. a butting cow or bull. Gael. 
putair, one who pushes. See Put. 

Putt ey- cow, n. a butting cow. 

Puttin'-on, n. a bare state of existence. 
" If a can but addle his cleyaz and 
keep, it'll be a puttin-on" = If he can 
earn no more than his clothes and 
his food it will support him : until 
he can obtain some better situation, 
say. 

Puzzen, Corr. of poison. 

Puzzum, n. poison. 

Puzzum, v.t. to poison. 

Puzzumful, adj. poisonous. 

Pyche, n. a beehive. 

Pymag, n. a magpie. 



65 



QU 



RA 



Quag, n. a bog or quagmire. 

Quail, v.i. to fail, to fall sick, to faint. 

Quake, n. tremor, fear, trembling. 

Quality- j gj£ k j n. gentry. 

Quarrel. See Wharrel. 

Quarl, Pr. of quarrel. 

Quarrier, n. a worker at a quarry. 

Querk, n. a moulding in joinery. 

Querk, v.t. to cheat, to over-reach. 

Quern, n. a hand-mill for grinding corn. 

Quiet, adj. gentlemanly. 

Quieten, v.t. to make quiet, to soothe. 

Quilt, v.t. to beat. 

Quit, v.t. to give notice to quit, to re- 
move by force. "I'll quit him"=I 
will get rid of him. 

Quite better, entirely recovered. 

Quod, v.i. to fish for eels with worms 
tied on worsted. 



R 



Ra, Pr. of roe, the species of deer. 

Raa, Pr. of row, a rank or line. 

Raa, Pr. of raw. Cf. Dan. raa, raw, 
crude. 

Raan-tree, ) n. the mountain ash. (Sor- 

Roan-tree, ] bus aucuparia, Linn.). 

Rabbet, v.t. When two boards, cut on 
the edges with a rabbet plane, are 
lapped with the edges one over 
another, this lapping over is called 
rabbeting. (Quoted from Halliwell). 
O.Fr. raboter, to plane, level, or lay 
even, to smooth. 

Rabble, v.i. (1) to talk rapidly or con- 
fusedly. Du. rabbelen, to chatter, to 
trifle. (2) In sewing, to take too 
long stitches, and without due care 
to finish the work neatly. 

Rabblement, n. a low mob. 

Rabblin', adj. winding, irregular, zig- 
zag. "A lang rabblin' looan or vil- 
lage'^ A long uneven lane or village 
with irregularly- built houses. 

Race, n. a small stream, a mill-lead. 

Rack, n. the clouds driven along by 
the wind. 

Rack of eye, To work by. To be 
guided by the eye in the execution 
of work done. 

Racken, Corr. of reckon. 

Racken-creak, n. a crook to hang on 
a fire-crane for hanging pots and 
pans on. 
66 



Rackle, n. noisy talk. 

Rackle, adj. rude, unruly, unmanage- 
able, lecherous. 

Rackless. A form of reckless. 

Raddle, v.t. to wattle, as thorns for a 
staff and band hedge. 

Raddle, v.t. to banter. 

Raddles, n. long pieces of underwood 
twisted between upright stakes to 
form a fence. 

Raddling, n. wattling. M. radling, 
pales, railing. 

Raff, n. scum, refuse. 

Raff, adj. idle, dissolute. 

Raffles, n. plays with dice. 0. Fr. raffle, 
a game with three dice, wherein he 
that throws all three alike wins what- 
ever is set. 

Rag, n. a mist or drizzling rain. 

Rag, v.t. to scold, to abuse. 

Ragabrash, n. an idle, mean, impudent 
person. 

Rageous, adj. in a rage, in excessive 
pain, violent, furious, 

Raggard, n. a wicked and abandoned 
wretch. 

Raggaly, adj. villanous. 

Ragged-robins, n. beggarly, discredit- 
able people. " Yer a set o' ragged- 
robins" 

Raggy, adj. a term applied to a drizzly 
day accompanied with frost. 

Raise, n. a cairn of stones. 

Raise, v.t. to make additional loops in 
knitting a stocking. 

Rait, v.t. to dissipate the sap of vege- 
tables by exposing them to the 
weather. Hay is said to be raited 
when it has been much exposed 
to an alternation of wet and dry 
weather. 

Rake, n. (1) a rut, crack, crevice, or 
streak. Fin. rake, fissura, ruptura, 
rima. (2) A strip of ground, usually 
covered with smooth sward, but 
sometimes strewn with stones, lying 
on the side of a hill, and sunk below 
the level of the neighbouring parts ; 
as, Outrake, in Coniston Fells. (3) A 
stray or privilege for cattle to de- 
pasture. 

Rallock, v.t. to romp, to rollick. 

Ram, adj. acrid, fetid, having a strong 
smell or taste. Isl. rammr, Dan. ram, 
acrid, rank, Sw. ramslok, bear-garlick. 

Rame, ) v.i. to sprawl out the hands 

Raum, ) and arms as in reaching 
something, (a as in father). 



RA 



BE 



Rammish, adj. rank, acrid, pungent. 

O. N. rammr, amarus, Sw. ram. 
Rammish, adj. violent. O.N. ramr, 

fortis, robustus. 
Ramp, ) n. a strong smelling plant 
Ramps, ) with a white flower, wild 

garlic. 
Rampageous, adj. riotous, furious, 

boisterous. 
Ramp and reyav, To. To be in a violent 

passion. 
Ramscallion, n. a low, dirty fellow. 
Ramshackle, adj. ill-adjusted, dis- 
orderly, confused and obstructed in 

motion. 
Ran-dan, n. a noise, an uproar. " To be 

on the Ran-dan " = To be carousing 

and playing the fool. 
Rank, adj. thick, full, abundant. A.S. 

ranc, proud, rank, fruitful. 
Rannel-balk, n. a piece of wood in a 

chimney to hang crooks upon. 
Ran-tan, n. a loud and long knocking 

at a door. 
R antipole, n. a rude, romping child. 
Ranty, adj. (1) wild, frisky, lecherous. 

(2) Angry, mad. 
Rape, n. a species of turnip. Dan. 

rapsced, rape (Brassica rapa). 
Rappin', adj. large. 
Raps, n. news. " What raps 1 "=What 

have you in the way of news ? 
Rapscallion, n. a low vagabond. 

Rear C a( ^' un derdone, raw "' 
Rarely, adj. quite well in health. 
Rascal, n. a lean animal. A.S. rascal, 

a lean, worthless deer. 
Rascot, ) t t 

Raskelt, J?*- a rascal, a knave. 

Rasp, n. a raspberry. 

Ratch, v.i. to tell great falsehoods. 

Ratch, v.t. to stretch, to strain, to 
make bigger or widen. 

Rate, v.i. to become rotten. See Rait. 

Rated, adj. careworn. 

Ratey, adj. rough, tempestuous ; of 
the weather. 

Ratten, n. a rat. 

Rattipelt, n. a rough, noisy child. 

Rattle, v.t. to beat or thrash. 

Rattle-can, n. a talkative person. 

Rattlepate, n. a giddy, chattering 
person. 

Ravel, v.t. to entangle. 
J Rawky, adj. raw and cold, 
1 Rawp, n. a hoarseness. 

Ray, n. a diarrhoea. 



Reach, n. a division of a valley made 
by the projection of the surrounding 
hills. 

Reach to, v.i. to reach out one's hand 
so as to help oneself. Thus if you 
say to a countryman, " Shall I help 
you to some of this ? " his reply will 
probably be, " No, thank you ; I'll 
reach to. 

Read, v.t. to comb the hair. "It's 
seya cotter'd at I cannet read it "= 
the hair is so entangled that I cannot 
comb it. 

Ream, n. cream. 

Ream. See Rame. 

Rean, n. (1) a division running between 
the dales in common fields ; also 
balks or portions of grass land in 
arable fields. (2) A strip of land left 
to mark the boundary of a field, a 
ridge or balk. Belg. reyn, a bound 
or limit, O.N. rein, tenue spatiolum 
terras in longum porrectum. 

Rear, (1) v.t. to lay timber on a new 
building, to raise ; especially applied 
to the woodwork of a roof. (2) v.i. 
To rise up before the plough as the 
furrows sometimes do in ploughing. 

Rearin', n. the act of raising. 

Rearing-feast, n. a supper or feast 
given to the workmen when the roof 
is reared or put on the house. 

Resisted, adj. tired, unwilling to do 
anything. 

Reasty, adj. (1) stubborn, inclined to 
resist, restive. (2) Rancid. 

Reat, Pr. of root. 

Reatwelt, n. See Rootwelt. 

Reb, Pr. of rib. O. Fris. reb. 

Reckan, n. a hook for pots. 

Recklin'. See Wreckling. 

Reckon, v.t. to think or guess. 

Red, pret. of To ride. 

Red, v.t. to put in order, to clear or 
put to rights. " To red up t' house." 
S.G. reda, explicare, to set in order, 
to arrange. 

Red, n. ruddle for marking sheep. W. 
rhudd, a red or crimson colour, Sw. 
rod, red. 

Reddle, ) n. a red ochrey kind of stone 

Ruddle, \ with which sheep are 
marked. \rhidyll. 

Reddle (Pr. of riddle), n. a sieve. W. 

Reddle, v.t. to riddle. 

Reddlin', n. a riddle, a puzzle. 

Redshanks, n. a name appled to more 
than one species of polygonum. 
67 



RE 



RO 



Red-staiyaks, ) n. the stakes to which 
Rud-staiyaks, ] cows are fastened in 

the cow-house. 
Redtail, n. the redstart. 
Redwater, n. a disease to which cattle 

are subject. 
Ree, v.t. to shake corn in a sieve. 
Reeden, adj. See Wreeden. 
Reein-sieve, n. a sieve for corn made 

of cane, used before the invention of 

winnowing machines. 
Reek, n. (1) smoke, vapour, or mist. 

(2) Odour, smell. O.N. reyMr, fumus, 

A.S. rdec, smoke, vapour, N.Fris. rek. 
Reek, v.i. to smoke. O.N. rjtika, 

fumum emittere, A.S. reacan, to 

smoke, O.Fris. reku, N.Fris. riecke, 

Dan. ryge. 
Reested, adj. rancid, spoiled, as bacon 

from being badly kept. 
Reet, Pr. of right. 

Reetle, v.t. to put to rights, to repair. 
Reft, Pr. of rift. 
Reish, n. a rush. 

Reish-bearin'. See Rush-bearing. 
Ren, v.i. to run. O.N. renna, currere, 

A.S. rennan, to run, to flow, S.G. 

renna, currere, Sw. ranna, to run> 

M.G. rinnan. 
Renable, adj. loquacious, and never at a 

a stop or inconsistent in telling a story. 
Rench, ) ^ c • 

Reuse, j Corr - of nnse ' 
Render, v.t. to melt, as lard, etc. Isl. 

rinde, liquefacere (Dr. Jamieson). , 
Renner, n. a runner. 
Renners, n. frequenters; 



Rensin' 



a cleaning out. Sw. rens- 



ning, cleansing, purgation. 
Repple. A form of Ripple. 
Ret, v.t. to soak in water. 
Revestry, n. an apartment in a church 

where the priest puts on his sacred 

garments. The word is used in the 

"Old Churche Boke " of Cartmel, 

containing churchwardens' accounts, 

etc., commencing 1597. 
Reyak, Pr. of rake. 
Reyak-stele, n. the handle of a rake. 
Ribs, n. stout pieces of timber laid on 

the principals of a roof, and on which 

the spars are fastened. 
Rick, n. a stack of hay. 
Rid, v.t. (1) to get rid of. (2) To clear 

anything (of litter), to remove or 

take away. 
Riddle, n. a coarse sieve. W. rhidyll, 

a sieve. 
68 



Riddle -bread, n. thick, sour-leavened 
oat-cakes, shaken on a chequered 
backboard before being thrown on 
on the Backstan. See Backboord. 

Riddling, n. a riddle. 

Rife, adj. (1) abounding, prevalent. (2) 
Beady, quick to learn. 

Rift, v.i. to belch. Dan. rcebe. 

Rift, n. an eructation. Dan. rceben. 

Rig, n. a ridge or elevated part of a 
ploughed held, upon which the 
sheaves of corn are arranged after 
having been cut and bound up. 

Rig-beyan, n. the back-bone. 

Riggin', n. the ridge of a house or 
other roof. 

Riggin' -steyans, n. stones (of the shape 
of the letter V in section) placed on 
the last rows of slates on the ridge 
of a house to keep them secure. 

Riggin' -tree, n. the most elevated piece 
of timber in the angle or roof of a 
house. 

Riggish, adj. wanton. 

Rigg'lt, n. an imperfect ram, or other 
animal half castrated. 

Right-down, adj. downright. 

Rim, n. the membrane enclosing the 
intestines. 

Rimer, n. a tool used for enlarging 
screw-holes in metal or wood. 

Ring-clogs, n. a pair of shoes with 
wooden soles and bound round the 
edges with hoop-iron called the ring. 

Rip, v.i. to rate or chide, to be very 
violent. 

Ripple, v.t. to scratch slightly. 

Ripple, n. a slight scratch. 

Rit, v.t. to make a mark. 

Rither, n. an instrument to nick out 
sods all of a size. 

Rive, n. a rent or tear. O.N. rifa, 
rima, fissura. 

Rive, v.t. (pret. rove, p.p. row'n) (1) to 
tear, to split. (2) To eat ravenously. 

Roaky, ) adj. hoarse. G. rocach, hav- 

Rooky, \ ing a hoarse voice, Fin. 
rSkhd, tussis rauca. 

Roan -berry, n. the berry of the moun- 
tain ash. Dan. ronneboer. 

Roan-tree, n. the mountain ash (Sor- 
bus aucuparia). 

Robin-run-i'-th'-hedge, n. the plant 
bedstraw. Fr. Bon Robin. 

Rock, n. a distaff, or the stick to which 
flax was fastened when spinning by 
the hand. N.Fris. rdk or rok, S.G. 
rock, a distaff, Dan. rok } a spinning- 
wheel. 



RO 



SA 



Rocking, pcpl. walking with alternate 

sideway motion. 
Rodden, n. a rat. M. roddan. 
Roggle, v.t. to shake. O.N. rugl, per- 

turbatio. 
Roke, n. fog or mist. 
Rokelay, n. a cloak. Fr. roquelaire. 
Roky, adj. misty, drizzly, smoky. 
Rollock, n. a rowlock. M. rollag, the 

hollow an oar works in in the gun- 
wale of a boat. 
Romps, n. a rude and turbulent girl. 
Rone, n. the roe of a fish. 
Rood, n. in long measure, 7 yards in 

length, (n. 6^ yards in length). 
Rook, n. a heap. S.G. rbk and rulca, 

ruga, cumulus, acervus. 
Roop, n. a hoarseness. 
Rootwelt, n. opening the ends of 

sheaves of corn, and exposing them 

to the wind. 
Roper, n. a rope-maker. 
Ropy, adj. viscous, glutinous. 
Rosin, v.i. to be addicted to drinking 

intoxicating liquor. "He rosins hard" 

= He drinks hard. Sw. rusa, to fuddle. 
Rosin-end, n. a shoemaker's thread. 
Rosined, adj. tipsy. Sw. rusig, gone in 

drink, from rus, a drunken fit, 

drunkenness, Dan. rusende, fuddled, 

intoxicated. 
Rossel, (1) v.t. to heat, to roast. "To 

rossel one's shins." (2) v.i. To bask 

over a fire. 
Rosselled, adj. decayed. Wood in the 

course of decaying is said to be 

rosselled. 
Rosselled, adj. inflamed with liquor. 
Rostle, v.t. to stir up. 
Rough, v.t. to make horses' shoes rough 

in frosty weather. 
Rough-spun, adj. rude, unpolished. 
Rouse, v.t. to shake and flutter (in 

hawking). 
Rousty, Pr. of rusty. 
Rove, pret. of To rive. 
Rovv'n, p.p. of To rive. 
Rowley-powley, n. a game formerly 

practised at fairs and races. 
Roy, v.i. to swagger, to boast, to domi- 
neer, to indulge in convivial mirth. 

N.Fris. roy, 
Royle, v.i. to bluster or roar in a 

boisterous manner. 
Ruck, n. a heap of stones, 
Ruck, O of a. Suddenly; all in a 

heap, disorderly. 
Ruck, n. a rut in a road. 



Rud, n. rudddle for sheep. See Reddle. 

Ruddle, v.t. to wattle with split sticks. 

Rud-staiyak. See Red-staiyak. 

Rue-bargain, n. (1) a bargain repented 
of. When a man withdraws his banns 
of marriage it is spoken of as a rue- 
bargain. (2) Something given to be 
off an agreement. 

Ruff, v.t. to trump or renounce at cards. 

Ruffiner, ) m 

RufflngeV,r- aruffiim - 

Rum, n. the step of a ladder. 

Rumgumptious, adj. violent, bold and 
rash, boisterous. 

Rummuck, v.i. to romp boisterously. 

Rungs, n. the round steps of a ladder. 
G. rong, a joining spar, any piece of 
wood by which others are joined, 
N. Fris. rung, a pin or bolt of a car- 
riage, M.G. rung. 

Run-out, adj. exhausted ; applied to 
overcropped land. 

Runt, n. (1) a stout dwarf, a stunted 
animal or tree. Fin. runto, truncus 
corporis major. (2) A Scotch ox or 
cow. Du. rund, a runt, bullock or ox. 

Runty, adj. dwarfish, little, short and 
stout. Fin. runtewa, corpulentus, 
robustus. 

Rush-bearin', n. carrying the rushes 
to cover the floor of the church. 

Russeler, Corr. of wrestler. 

Rust, n. the mildew of wheat. 

Ruttle, v.i. (1) to rattle. (2) To breathe 
with difficulty, and with noise in the 
throat, like a dying person. 

Ryes, n. the stalks of potatoes. 



Sa, Pr. of so. 

Saant, Corr. of shall not. " Thou 
saant du it." 

Sack, To get the. To be turned out 
of employ. 

Sackless, adj. dejected, spiritless, help- 
less. A.S. sacleds, quiet, O.N. sak- 
lauss, innocens. 

Sad, adj. heavy, solid ; said of bread 
when heavy, or of hay when very 
close and firm. W. sad, firm. 

Sad-bad, adj. very ill. 

Saddle-pow, n. the saddle-bow, or the 
piece which forms the front of the 
saddle. O.N, sbdulbogi, A.S. 
boga, Sw. sadelbom, saddle-bow. 

Sadness, n. gravity, seriousness. 



SA 



sc 



ig, v.i. to hang down heavily, as 
oppressed by weight. 
n. a saw ; the g hard. 

Said, p.p. of say ; influenced, deterred. 
"He's varra wilfle, he'll net be said" 
=He will not be obedient. 

Saim, n. lard, fat. W. saim. 

Saint John, n. a double nut, apple, etc. 

Saint Mary's nut, n. a triple nut. 

Sairy, adj. (1) poor, helpless. (2) In- 
considerable, exceedingly small. 

Saiyar (Pr. of sore), adj. grieved. 

Sal. A form of shall. "Thou mZ duit." 

Salamander, n. a large poker used for 
lighting fires. 

Sallet, n. a salad. 

Sam, v.t. to collect together. 

Sam, adv. See Ham-sam. 

Samel, n. (1) gritty, sandy earth, mixed 
with lime for mortar. (2) A kind of 
loamy gravel used for puddling. 

Sammin', n. a collecting or laying to- 
gether. 

Sang, By my. A north country ex- 
clamation of revenge or defiance. 

Sapless, adj. foolish, silly, witless. 

Sappin', n. a drenching. 

Sappy, adj. moist. 

Sap-whistle, n. a whistle made of sappy 

wood. 
Sark, n. a shirt or woman's shift. A.S. 

sere, N.Fris. serk, Sw. sark, smock, 

shift, Dan. scerk. 
Sarra, (1) v.i. to suffice. (2) v.t. To 

serve, to supply. " He's tu sarra t' 

Pig-" 
Sarrah, n. an unmanageable scamp. 
Sart, adv. certainly. 
Sary-man. An expression of pity. 
Sattle, v.i. to settle, to lower. "Corn 

begins to sattle." 
Sauer (Pr. of sour), adj. Said of blue 

coarse grass, which cattle will not 

eat if they can help it. 
Sauer-dock, n. sorrel. "W. swan, sour 

plant, sorrel. 
Sauer-doff (Pr. of sour dough), n. 

leaven. 
Sauer-milk, n. butter-milk ; also called 

Churn-milk. 
Saurin', n. vinegar. 
Saut-pie, n. a box for salt, 
Sauve, Pr. of salve. 
Savver (Pr. of savour), n. a taste or 

smell. 
Sawk, Corr. of suck. 
70 



Say, n. (1) influence. " Heez girt say 
i' t' parish." (2) Expression of 
opinion. " I'll hev mi say." 

Scabbings, n. chippings of stone. 

Scabble, v. t. to rough-hew stone. 

Scabby, adj. stingy, shabby. 

Scald, adj. scabby, particularly in the 
head. Cf. Gael, sgall, baldness. 

Scale, v.t. to spread, to disperse. 

Scale t' bars, To. To clear the fire or 
grate. 

Scallops, n. an awkward wench, an 
untidy romp. 

Scape -gallows, n. a bad fellow, one who 
has narrowly escaped the gallows. 

Scar, ) n. line of rock bare of vege- 



Scar, ) adj. wild, timid, shy. O.N. 

Scare, \ slcjarr, timidus, pavidus, f ugax. 

Scarce, adj. sparing. 

Scar'd, adj. scared, frightened. 

Scarified, adj. frightened. 

Scarn, n. dung of cattle. AS. secern, 

Isl. skarn, dung, etc. 
Scaud, Pr. of scald. 
Scaud-heead, n. ringworm on the head. 
Scaup (Pr. of scalp), n. head, scull. 
Scaup, n. land at or near the top of a 

hill, the chief characteristic of which 

is bare thin soil. 
Scaupy, adj. bare, covered with only a 

little soil. "A scaupy field" — one 

with little soil. 
Scog, n. a sheltered place. 
Scoggers, n. stockings with the feet 

cut off, and worn on the arms. 
Sconce, n. (1) a high-backed seat. (2) 

A screen to draw between the door 

and fire to keep out the wind. (3) 

The head, the pate. 
Scoo, n. a swarm, a great number, a 

shoal. Gael, sgaoth, M. skyoll, a great 

deal, a large quantity. 
Scopperel, n. (1) a round flat piece of 

bone with a hole in the centre. " It 

spins like a scopperel." (2) A light 

agile child. 

!££}»• a slide. 

Scur \ v '*" ^° s ^ e - Gael, sgiorr, slide. 
Score, n. twenty yards, a term used for 

distances in the game of Spell and 

knor. 
Score, n. twenty pounds weight. 
Scot, ) v.t. to stop the wheel of a 
Scotch, ] coach or waggon with a 

stone, etc. 



sc 



SE 



Scot, n. a Scotch cow. 

Scotty-kye, n. Scotch cattle. 

Scoup, n. a scoop. 

Scour, v.t. "To scour a hedge "= To 
deepen the ditch, and to breast up 
the hedge with the soil taken out ; 
also, to clean out ponds. 

Scout, n. a high rock. 

•Scowder, n. a bustle, confusion. 

Scowder'd, adj. over-heated with work- 
ing. 

Scraal, v.i. to live on uncertain wages, 
to make a scanty subsistence. 

Scraalin', adj. (1) sprawling. (2) Liv- 
ing from hand to mouth. 

Scraamb, v.t. to pull or rake together 
with the hands. 

Scra.ffle, n, a scramble. 

Scraffle, v.i. (1) to act unfairly by re- 
ceding from a promise . (2) To quarrel. 

Scrafflehorn, n. a restless, worthless 
fellow relying on shifts and expedients. 

Scraffling, adj. trifling, living from hand 
to mouth. S.G. shraf, nugse. 

Scrag, a lean, thin person. N.Fris. 
shrog, an insignificant person, nothing 
but skin and bone. 

Scraggelt, n. a worthless fellow. 

Scrap, n. a place spread with grain as 
a lure for small birds. 

Scrat, v.t. to scratch. 

Scrat, n. (1) a scratch. (2) A miserly 
fellow living on scratchings and par- 
ings. (3) The itch. " He's gitten t' 
scrat." 

Scrat, Oud : the devil. O.S. skratten, 
O.N. skrattin, the devil. 

Scratchings, n. scraps of tallow and 
skin left on melting, and made into 
cakes for dogs' food. 

Screak, v.i. to screech, to creak as a 
door. 

Screed, n. a rent, shred, or fragment ; 
chiefly applied to clothing materials. 
A dressmaker will say, " There's not 
a screed left, M'm." A.S. screade, a 
shred, Gael, sgrait, a shred or rag, 
O.Fris. shred. 

Screened, adj. sifted. 

Screes, n. loose stones detached and 
fallen from a scar or precipice. 

Scribe, v.t. to make marks with the 
appropriate instrument, as carpenters 
do. 

Scribe, n. an instrument used to num- 
ber and mark wood or trees. 

Scrimp, v.i. to spare, to pinch. 

Scrimpin', adj. niggardly, pinching. 



Scrimpy, adj. small, pinching. 

Scroggy, adj. abounding in stunted 
underwood. 

Scrogs, n. stunted bushes. 

Scrooby, n. a decoction of various kinds 
of young herbs, made in spring as 
an antiscorbutic. 

Scrouge, v.t. to squeeze. 

Scrow, v.t. to toil hard for a living. 

Scrow, n. uproar, confusion ; often ap- 
plied to a thorough cleaning. 

Scruff, n. the nape of the neck. 

Scrunch, v.t. to cranch, to crush. 

Scrunchlin', n. a small, green shrivelled 
apple. 

Scrunty, adj. low, short, stunted ; of 
trees. 

Scry, v.t. to descry. 

Scud, n. (1) a slight, rapid shower. (2) 
Slight clouds showing the direction 
of the wind. 

Scuff, n. the back part of the neck. 

Scuffle, n. a garden hoe. 

Scuffle, n. a linen garment worn by 
children to keep their clothes clean, 
a pinafore. 

Scuffler, n. a sort of plough for clean- 
ing between turnip ridges. 

Scug, v.i. to hide. 

Scug, n. a sheltered place. O.N. slcyggja, 
to over-shadow, Sw. skugga, to shadow. 

Scun, v.t. to throw a stone. 

Scur. See Skir. 

Scurrick, n. a small piece. M. sJcirrag, 
a splinter. 

Scutter, n. watery excrement of cattle. 

Scutter, v.i. to run away quickly. 

Scuttle, v.i. to walk fast. " He scuttles 
away." 

Scuttle, n. a shallow basket much in 
use in the barn, and in other depart- 
ments of husbandry. 

Scutty, adj. (1) short. (2) Short-tailed. 
"W. cwt, short. 

Sea-coaf, Pr. of sea-calf. 

Sea-gor, n. a sea-gull. See also Gor. 

Seal, n. a willow tree. 

Seams, n. the marks of small-pox. 

Sea-nag, n. a ship. 

Sea-pie, n. the oyster-catcher (Hamia- 
topus ostralegus). 

Sea-pink, n. the small pink flower com- 
mon at the sea-side, the plant thrift. 

Searching, adj. keen, piercing ; of the 
wind. 

Seat, Pr. of soot. 

Sea-tangle, n. sea- weed. O.N. yaungull, 
fucus. 

71 



SE 



SH 



Seek, Pr. of sack. [sceccing. 

Seckin(g), n. canvass for sacks. A.S. 

Seconds, n. second-rate flour. 

Seed-maund, n. a seed-basket used by 
sowers. 

Seedness, n. seed-time. 

Seeds, n. young grasses, land newly- 
laid to grass. 

Seeds, n. busks of oats, called also 
mill-seeds. [ing a bare. 

See-bo ! interj. an exclamation on start- 
Seem, v.t. to become. O.N. scema, de- 
cere. " It seems ya weel : " of a be- 
coming article of dress ; "It wod 
seem tha better " = It would be more 
becoming in you. O.N. betr scemdi 
yd)', potius te deceret, tibi conveniret. 

See-saw, n. tbe cbild's play, cats-cradle. 

Seetre (pr. see-tree), n. clotb worn 
threadbare. 

Seg, n. a castrated bull. 

Seg, n. a bard, horny part of the skin 
of the bands or feet. 

Seggy, adj. hard and callous, as the 
skin in # the palm of a workman's 
hand, or on the bottom of the feet 
of those who go barefoot. 

Seigh, v.i. (1) to stretch or bulge out. 
(2) To hang down heavily, as op- 
pressed by weight. 

Sel, Corr. of self. 

£8T ,, |i»*«*T «n. 

Semly, Corr. of assembly. 

Sen, adv. since. 

Serve, v.t. to feed, animals namely. 

Service -silver, n. a rent paid in Cart- 
mel, before land was enfranchised, in 
lieu of work liable to be done by 
copyhold tenants for the Lord of the 
Manor. 

Set, n. a young plant or shoot, a piece 
of potatoe with an eye in it for 
planting. 

Set, (1) v.t. to appoint, to fix ; as, " I set 
Thorsda for dun it." (2) To let. (3) 
To accompany any one on his way- 
(4) v.i. To settle, to bind as gravel 
on walks when it beomes solid. 

Setten, p.p. of To set. 

Setten-on, adj. short in growth. 

Settle, n. a seat or form near the fire- 
place in old farm houses. A.S. scetel, 
setel, a seat. 

Settle-stans, n. stones at the edge of a 
gutter in a cow-house. 

Sew, pret. of To sow. 

Sew. See Fig-sew. 
72 



Shaade, adj. shallow. 

Shaams, interj. See example : "What 
the shaams, you ought to be ashamed !" 

Shab-rag, n. a mean, beggarly person. 

Shack, Pr. of shake. 

Shack, n. a shake, of the health namely. 
" T ' faiver's gin him a terb'l shack " 
= The fever has given his consti- 
tution or health a terrible shake. 

Shacken-brained, adj. disordered in 
intellect. 

Shack-fork, n. a wooden fork for shaking 
straw on a barn floor. 

Shackle, n. (1) the wrist. (2) An iron 
loop moving on a bolt. (3) A cow 
chain. 

Shade, n. a shed. 

Shaewl, v.i. to straddle with the feet 
in walking. See Shool, of which 
this is simply a phonetic form. 

Shaff, n. nonsense, stupid talk. 

Shaffle, v.i. to do things ineffectually. 

Shafflehorn, n. a slow and dull ineffi- 
cient person. 

Shafflement, n. insignificant people. 

Shaffler, n. (1) a bungler. (2) One who 
walks lame. 

Snaffling, adj. indolent, awkward, in- 
significant. 

Shag, n. (1) a slice of bread or cheese. 
(2) A kind of cloth. 

Shag-hat, n. a sort of hat made very 
long in the down. 

Shally-wally, n. (1) a term of con- 
tempt. (2) Also nonsense. 

Sham, Pr. of shame. 

Sham, v.i. to blush with sbame. 

Shamble, v.i. to walk awkwardly. 

Shanks-galloway, To ride. To go on 
foot. 

Shanks-nag, v.i. to travel on foot. 

Shanty, adj. smart, gay, neat. 

Shap (Pr. of shape), v.t. (1) to begin, to 
commence. (2) To be active ; as, 
"Shap it "=Be quick. 

Shappin, pcpl. engaged in doing. 
"What's ta shappin now?"=How 
are you now employed ? 

Shaps, n. oats, which look well to the 
eye, but are in fact without grain in 
the husks or receptacles. 

Shard, n. cow-dung. 

Sharn, n. cow-dung. A.S. scZarn, O.N. 
sham, stercus, sordes, S.G. skarn, 
dirt, filth, Sw. skarn, ordure, filth. 

Sharp, adj. (1) pungent in taste. (2) 
Quick, active ; as, "Be sharp "=Be 
quick, make haste. 



SH 



SH 



Sharps, n. flour with a portion of bran 

in it. 
Shaws, n. the tops of turnips. 
Shear, v.t. to reap. A.S. sceran, O.Fris. 

schera. 
Shearer, n. a reaper. 
Shearling, n. a sheep only once shorn. 
Sheath (Pr. of sheath), the prepuce of 

an animal. A.S. sceaft. 
Shed, v.t. to surpass, to excel. 
Sheep-cratch, n. a frame of wood on 

which sheep are laid. See Cratch. 
Sheep-gate, n, a right of stray for one 



Sheep-shearin(g), n. the time of year 
when sheep are shorn. 

Sheer, adj. absolute, mere, pure. O.N. 
skirr, purus, clarus, S.G. skcer, lucidus, 
purus, Dan. sheer, sheer, pure. 

Sheeve, n. a pulley. 

Shefte, v.i. to move about. 

Shell, To play = To call seriously to 
account, to chastise. 

Shepster, n. a starling. 

Sherk, v.t. to cheat. 

Shewl, v.i. to walk badly. See Shaewl, 
Shool. 

Shift, v.i. to remove one's dwelling. 

Shilf, Pr. of shelf. 

Shill, v.t. to shell, to strip off the shell. 

Shilla, n. the loose stones on the sea- 
beach, the stony sea-beach. M. shillee, 
an assemblage of loose stones. 

Shilled, p.p. shelled. 

Shilvin's (Corr. of shelvings), n. pi. a 
wooden frame to fix on the top of a 
cart in order to extend its size, and 
enable larger loads of corn, hay, straw, 
thorns, etc. to be carried. 

Shiner, n. (1) a clever fellow. (2) A 
court-card. " He's a shiner, but he's 
nayder a king nor a queen ; " said of a 
person who, it is meant to be insinu- 
ated, is a knave. [ball. 

Shinner, n. a kick on the shins, at foot- 

Shippon, n. a cow-house. 

Shircock, n. the missel-thrush, 

Shirl, v.i. to slide. 

Shirl, adj. shrill. 

Shirlin's, n. the fleeces of lambs. 

Shive, n. a slice, a round or cut off a 
loaf. " I'll net give t' leyaf an' beg 
t' shive" =1 will not give the loaf and 
beg the slice. Pro v. expression im- 
plying a determination not to give 
away one's substance, and accept 
such a pittance for income as the 
donee might think fit. 



Shives, Corr. of chives. 

Shoo, \v ron ' she ' 

Shoe a person, To. To know how to 

please him. 
Shoe-horn, n. a puffer at an auction. 
Shoes straight, To tread one's. To 

be circumspect. 
Shoe-whang, n. a leather thong with 

which shoes are tied. A.S. sceo\wang, 

a shoe-thong or tie, S.G. skotw&nge. 
Shog, v.i. to move easily, to jog. 
Shooder, Pr. of shoulder. 
Shool, Pr. of shovel. 
Shool, v.i. (1) to drag the feet. (2) To 

sponge, to intrude oneself uninvited. 
Shooler, n. a sponging, lazy fellow. 
Shoolin's, n. road scrapings. 
Shoon, n. pi. shoes. A.S. sceon. 
Shoot, v.t. to select out the worst cattle 

from a drove. " I'll gie ya fifteen 

shillin a-piece for thore hundred 

cows, an ya'll let ma shoot ten on 

'em." 
Shore, v.t. to prop up. * 

Shorl, v.t. to cut with shears. 
Short, adj. (1) light and crisp. (2) 

Peevish, cross. 
Shortly, adv. quickly, peevishly. 
Short of puff, short or scant of breath. 
Short-waisted, adj. angry, tetchy. 
Shot, n. a reckoning at an inn. 0. Fris. 

shot, Du. schot, shot or score to pay, 

as for a repast. 
Shot at, I waint stand ta be. I will 

not stand my bid merely to let the 

seller try to get a better offer. 
Shot-ice, n. (1) rotten ice. (2) The 

sheets of ice which form on roads. 
Shots, n. the refuse of cattle from a 

drove. See Shoot. 
Shoup, n. the fruit of the dogrose. 

[This word takes several forms, as 

choup or choop, jump, jug, and is due 

to the same origin as Sw. hjupon, N. 

hjupa or kjupa. The A.S. form is 

Mop, E, hip or hep. Ed.] 
Shruff, n. light rubbish, wood or peat 

for fuel. 
Shuffly-booard, ) n. a battledore and 
Shuffly-cock, ) shuttlecock. 
Shuppen (Pr. of shippen), n. a cow- 
house. A.S. scypen, a stall, a shed. 
Shut of, To get. To get rid of. Sw. 

shjuta, trudere. 
Shut, v.i. to be extravagant, to make 

away money extravagantly. " He 

shut his brass in no time." 
73 



SH 



SI 



Shuttance, n. riddance. 

Shutting-in, n. the evening. 

Sib, adj. related, allied. AS. sib, re- 
lation, alliance, O.Fris. sibbe, related, 
O.N. sifi, cognatus, S.G. sif. 

Sibble, v.t. to sip. 

Sic, 



Sik, 



?'. such. 



Sic like, adj. such like. 

Sid (Corr. of seed), pret. of To see. 

Siddhers, Corr. of scissors. 

Side, adj. long, wide, large. "This 
gown's raydher too side afore "=Too 
long in front. 

Side, v.t. to set things aside, or out of 
the way, to set in order. 

Side, n. district at the foot of a moun- 
tain in a valley. "0' t' fell side." 
O.N. fjal-sida, latus montium. 

Side-booards, n. moveable boards to 
heighten the sides of a cart. 

Side-lands, n. the outside parts of a 
ploughed field, adjoining the hedges 
which run parallel with the lands 
or ridges. 

Sider, n. an orderly person. " She's a 
girt sider "= One who diligently puts 
things in order. 

Sidesmen, n. assistants to churchwar- 
dens in managing charities, etc. 

Side-wipe, n. an indirect censure. 

Sidle, v.i. to go sideways, to walk in an 
affected way. (2) To saunter idly 
about as from bashfulness. 

Sidle about a place, To. To lurk or 
skulk about. 

Sidle about a person, To. To attend 
him obsequiously. 

Sie, n. a drop. 

Sighty, adj. (1) glittering, shining. (2) 
Quick at seeing how a thing ought to 
be done. 

Sike, n. a water-course in swampy 
ground. A.S. sich, O.N. sik, canalis. 

Sile, v.t. (1) to strain through a sieve. 
(2) To skim. (3) To rain continu- 
ously. " It rains and siles." Dan. 
sile, Sw. sila, colare, Gael, sil, drop, 
distil. 

Sile, n. a fine wire sieve, chiefly for 
straining milk through directly it 
has come from the cow, to clear it 
of hairs, etc. 

Silin-dish, n. a milk-strainer. 

Sill, n. (1) the stone that runs along the 
bottom of a window. (2) The stone 
74 



that runs along the bottom of the 

gates of a dock or lock. O.Fris. sil, 

sill of a dock, A.S. syl, a sill, a 

ground post, S.G. syll, limen, hy- 

pothyrum. 
Sill-horse, n. the shaft-horse. 
Sillin', adj. of a horse backing against 

the shafts of a vehicle. 
Sills, n. the shafts of a vehicle. 
Silly, adj. insane. 
Simlin', n. a kind of fine cake. Cf. Dan. 

simle, a roll of bread. 
Simples, To want nicking for the. 

Said of persons who do foolish things. 
Sin, adv. since. " It's a gud lang time 

sin ,, = It , s a good long time since. 
Sind, v.t. to wash down, to rinse. 
Sine, v.i. to leave off milking a cow. 
Sine-tree, n. the centerings of an arch. 
Singlet, n. an unlined under-waistcoat. 
Sinify, Corr. of signify. 
Sinner-gown (Corr. of sinew-gown), 

adj. having a contraction of the 

sinews. 
Sipe, n. a small trickling stream. N.Fris. 

sipe, to drip. 
Sipe, v.i. to soak through, to drop 

slowly. " It rains an' sipes." 
Sipers, n. those who drink to the last 

drop, or immoderately. 
Sipin, adj. dripping wet. 
Sir : a title formerly applied to priests 

and curates. "Here's t' sir cumman " 

= Here's the clergyman coming. O.N. 

sira, dominus, titulus sacerdotum et 

episcoporum, W. syr, lord, sir. 
Siss, n. whiteweed or sweet cicely 

{Myrrhis odorata). See Switch. 
Sista, Pr. of seest thou. 
Sit, v.t. (1) to keep night courtship with 

a girl ; as, " James T. is sitting our 

Betty." (2) To be able to contend 

with; as, "I can't sit him"=He is 

more than a match for me. 
Sit-fast, n. a gathering in the finger. 
Sitha, Pr. of see thou. "Sitha but " 

= Only look. 
Sitten, adj. of anything stiff or hard, 

or inelastic. 
Sitten-milk, n. milk burnt in the pan, 

so as to become nauseous in taste 

and smell. 
Siz, v.i. to hiss or whiz. 
Sizeable, adj. of a good size. 
Sizle, v.i. to saunter about, to walk in 

a swaying or rocking manner. 
Sizzup, v.t. to deal a hard blow. 
Sizzup, n. a hard blow. 



SI 



SL 



Sizzuper, n. (1) a severe blow. (2) Any- 
thing strikingly large. Hence, "That's 
a sizzuper" i.e. a tremendous lie. 

Skaffat, Corr. of scaffold. 

Skaitch, n. a shelf or ledge. 

Skar?' | ad J' wild ' timid ' sh ^ 

Skeear (Pr. of scar or sker), n. a stony 
gravel bed in the sea where shell- 
fish are often gathered, which differs 
from the sands that surround it in 
being always hard and firm ground, 
whilst they are shifting and variable. 
Gael, sgeir, a rock in the sea, M. 
sger. 

Skell, n. a shell. 

Skel-boose, n. the wooden division be- 
tween two cattle stalls. 

Skelp, (1) v.t. to beat. (2) v.i. To leap 
or move quickly, to skip or run with 
great strides. 

Skelp, n. a hard blow. Gael, sgeilp, a 
blow. 

Skelpin', adj. stout, lusty. 

Skelper, n. (1) anything very large. (2) 
A smart stroke. Gael, sgealp, a slap 
with the palm of the hand. 

Sken, v.i. to squint. Gael, sgionnshuil, 
a squint-eye. 

Skew, n. a projection. 

Skew, v.t. to cast on one side. 

Skew-about, v.t. to look slily, to peep, 
to pry closely. 

Skewin', adj. looking aslant. 

Skid, v.i. to affix a hook to the wheel 
of a coach or waggon to prevent it 
descending too rapidly down a hill. 

Skid-pan, n. the shoe with which the 
wheel of a carriage is locked. 

Skift, n. a removal. O.N. skipta, mu- 
tatio, permutatio. 

Skift, n. a woman's under garment, 
shift, chemise. 

Skift, v.t. to shift, to remove. 

Skill on, v.i. to esteem. " I could'nt 
skill on him " = I could not relish or 
approve of him. O.N. skilja, intelli- 
gere, nosse, scire, S.G. skilja, distin- 
guere, intelligere. 

Skillet, n. a small pot of iron or copper 
or brass, with a long handle. Gael. 
sgeileid, a skillet, a small boiler. 

Skilvings, n. a wooden frame to fix on 
the top of a cart in order to widen 
and extend its size, principally when 
carrying hay, grain, straw, or thorns. 

Skim, v.t. to make anything to fly 
swiftly but smoothly. 



Skinner, n. a dealer in skins. 

Skinny, adj. miserly. 

Skip, n. a basket made of rushes or 
straw. Gael, sgeap, a beehive, a 
basket. 

Skip-jack, n. (1) a dandy, puppyish 
fellow. (2) A servant man. 

Skir, v.t. to slide on the ice. Gael. 
sgiorr, slide, M. skir, slip, slide. 

Skir, n. a slide. 

Skirl, v.i. to scream, to shriek. 

Skit, v.t. to despise, to scorn. "She 
skit at him " = She contemned him. 

Skit, n. a sarcasm, a severe reflection. 

Skite, v.t. merdis aspergere. S.G. skita, 
stercus excernere, A.S. scitan. 

Skitter-brained, adj. giddy and thought- 
less. 

Skitters, n. the diarrhoea in animals. 
A.S. scitta, a flux. 

Skorkle, v.t. to scorch. 

Skot, n. a prop. 

Skraum, v.i. to grope about with ex- 
tended arms. See Scraamb. 

Skreak, v.i. to creak. 

Skrike, v.i. to screech, to shriek. S.G. 
skrika, Dan. skrige, to shriek, scream, 
screech. 

Skrike, n. a shriek or scream. W.ysgrech, 
Dan. skrig. 

Skuft, n. nape of the neck. 

Skyander, v.i. to fly about in a flighty 
manner. 

Slaake, n. a sort of sea-weed, 

Slaake, v.i. to walk slowly, to saunter. 

Slake, v.t. to smear, to bedaub. M. 
slaaik, mortar, a composition to daub 
on, O. N. sleikja, lambere, N,Fris. 
slacke. 

Slabber, v.t. to soil or dirty. Du. slabbben, 
to slabber. 

Slabby, adj. sloppy, dirty. 

Slache, v.i. to loiter. 

Slack, n. a hollow or depressed piece 
of ground. 

Slack, adj. (1) dull, low, depressed ; 
applied to trade. (2) Loose; as, "My 
tuth is sooa slack I'se fear'd it'll tum- 
mel out." 

Slack-deed. A phrase signifying dul- 
ness or inactivity in business or 
action generally ; as, "Slack-deed in 
the iron-trade "= Depression in the 
iron-trade ; "Slack-deed among the 
fishermen "= Very little employment 
for them. 

Slacken, v.i. to fall in price. "Corn 
begins to slacken^ 

75 



SL 



SL 



Slack-water, n. a deficiency of water, 
through which the machinery of mills 
erected on streams is deprived of 
sufficient motive power. 

Slade, n. flat, moist ground in a valley. 

Slafter, Pr. of slaughter. 

Slag, n. refuse of iron, lead, or other 
ores, the cinder of a bad or spurious 
sort of coal. 

Slagger, v.i. to walk in a slovenly way. 

Slaggerin', adj. heedless, careless. 

Slair, v.i. to walk slovenly. 

Slaited, adj. of a woman when her 
petticoat hangs below her gown. 

Slake, n. literally, a lick, thence a mere 
touch or slight rub, instead of a good 
cleansing or wiping : furniture half 
cleaned is said to have had the slut's 
slake. 

Slam, n. a kind of muscle. 

Slammock, v.i. to walk with an awk- 
ward, undulating, gait. 

Slane, n. smut in corn. [lence. 

Slap, v.i. to walk with speed and vio- 

Slape, adj. (1) slippery, smooth. Hence, 
metaphorically, (2) Specious, crafty. 
O.N. sleipr, lubricus. 

Slape-faiyas, n. a mealy-mouthed hy- 
pocrite, a sanctimonious dissembler. 

Slapeness, n. slipperiness. 

Slape-shod, adj. of a horse when his 
shoes are worn down smooth. 

Slap-up, v.t. to swallow greedily. " He 
slaps up his poddish in neya time." 

Slashy, adj. splashy, wet and dirty. 
" It's nobbet slashy wedder." Comp. 
Sw. slash vader, wet, dirty weather, 
slaskig, dirty, rainy. 

Slat, v.t. to slop or dash water about. 

Slat, n. a spot of dirt, a slop. 

Slate off, To have a. Metaph. for not 
being quite compos mentis. 

Slatt, adj. splashed. 

Slatter, Corr. of slaughter. 

Slatter, v.t. to spill, to besprinkle, to 
slop, to waste. 

Slattery, adj. wet, dirty. 

Slaver, n. (1) viscid saliva. (2) Flattery. 

Slaver, v.i. to emit viscid saliva and 
let it hang from the mouth. 

Slavering- cleyath, n. a child's bib. 

gW | Pr. of sloe. 

Sleek, v.t. (1) to quench, to assuage ; 

of thirst. (2) To extinguish. M. 

sleick, to slake or quench, O.N. slokva, 

extinguere, Sw. slacka. 
Sleek, n. small pit-coal. 



v.i. to walk awkwardly. 

O.N. sledi, traha, 



Sleek-trough, n. a trough of water, 
into which blacksmiths dip hot iron 
to cool it. 

Sled, 

Sledder, 

Sled, n. a 
Sw. slade 

Sleds, n. old shoes. 

U£ | adj. smooth. 

Sleeve, v.t. to kiss. 

Slem, v.i. to approach slily. 

Slench, v.i. to hunt privately, as dogs 
do ; to steal food, as cats and dogs do. 

Slewed, adj. intoxicated. 

Slidder, v.i. to slide, to slip. 

Sliddery, adj. slippery. Sw. sliddrig, 
loose, smooth. 

Sling, (1) v.i. to move with long though 
not quick steps. " My horse slings 
away at a girt rate "= Gets over the 
ground with apparent ease. (2) To 
sneak, to lounge. (3) v.t. To cast or 
throw. 

Slingin', adj. sneaking, lounging. A.S. 
slincan, to slink, crawl, creep. 

Slink, n. a calf produced before its time. 

Slink-butcher, n. one who kills poor or 
diseased cattle. 

Slip, n. a pillow-case. 

Slip, v.t. to drop (calf or a foal) prema- 
turely. "T' cow hez slipped her coaf." 

Slip-down, n. milk just begun to curdle. 

Slipe, v.t. (1) to take away the outside 
covering from anything. (2) To split, 
to slice. Sw. slipa, to cut, Dan. slibe, 
to cut off. (3) To seize or take away 
anything suddenly. 

Slippy, adj. (1) slippery. (2) Very quick. 
"Luk slippy v = Be very quick. 

Slip-treyace, n. a person given to shirk- 
ing work. (The notion is taken from 
a horse, who ought to be drawing, 
slipping his traces so as to avoid it.) 

Slir, ) 

Slor, > v.i. to slide. 

Slur,) 

Slobber, v.t. to eat spoon-meat in a 
filthy manner. 

Slobbery, adj. wet, sloppy. 

Slocken, v.t. to slake, to quench. 

Slong, n. an indolent, clownish fellow. 

Slonk, v.i. to hang about heavily and 
lazily, as indolent persons do. 

Slope, v.t. to trick, to cheat. 

Slops, n. large, wide trousers. Du. slop, 
wide and loose. 

Slosh, n. snow in a melting state. 



SL 



SN 



Slot, n. a hollow tuck in a cap. 

Slotch, n. a dirty, greedy eater. 

Slough, n. the skin of a gooseberry. 

Sloum, v.i. to slumber. 

Sludge, ) 

Slush, > n. wet mud, any wet dirt. 

Slutch, ) 

Slug, n. a lazy fellow. 

Shimmer, Pr. of slumber. 

Slutchy, adj. slimy, muddy. 

Slutty, adj. dirty. 

Smacker, n. a kiss vehemently given, 

making a great noise. 
Smack-smooth, adv. in a reckless way. 
Smarten, v.t. to dress up in one's best. 

" Go an' smarten thisel up"=Go and 

put on your best clothes. 
Smarts, n. small rods cut down in 

coppice woods. 
Smasher, n. anything very large. 
Smatch, n. a taste, or flavour. S.G.. 

smak, gustus. 
Smelt, n. the young of the salmon (or 

salmon-trout) from the time of taking 

the white scales up to the time of its 

going down to the sea. 
§middy, Pr. of smithy. 
Smiddy-bellies, n. smithy-behows. O.N. 

smidiubelgr, follis. 
Smile, v.i. to mantle, as beer or wine. 
Smit, v.t. to mark sheep. 
Smit, n. a black mark of soot or dirt 

on the face. A.S. smitta, smut, M. 

smittan, Dan. smitte, a spot or stain. 
Smitching. adj.. infectious. Sw. smitta, 

contagion, infection, Dan. smitte. 
Smithen, v.t. to sprinkle meal on the 

backboard before baking. 
Smittle, adj. infectious. 
Smittle, v.t. to infect. 
Smittlin', adj. infecting. 
Smock, 11. a woman's shift or chemise. 

M. smock, a shift, A.S. smoc. 
Smock-race, n. a race run by women in 

their smocks. 
Smook, 11. to beat severely. 
Smoor, v.t. to smother. M. smorian, to 

suffocate, Du. smooren. 
Smoorin', adj. smothering, suffocating. 
Smoot, it. a hole in a hedge through 

which hares or rabbits run. 
Smooth, v.t. to iron linen. 
Smoothing-iron, n. a box-iron. 
Smost, adj. smallest. O.N. smast. 
Smouch, v.t. to kiss. 
Smoucher, n. a kiss. 
Smudge, v.t. to smear, to soil. Sw, 

smutsa, to dirty, to sully. 

LofC. 



Smudgy, adj. smoky and filled with 
particles of soot or smudge. 

Smush, adj. fine, gay, smart. 

Smush, n. anything reduced to powder. 

Snag, n. a tooth standing alone. 

Snag, v.t. to trim, to cut off the twigs 
and small branches from a tree or 
pole, etc. ; to lop off, to cut short. 
To snag out, is to trim the rods, etc. 
after the underwood is cut. 

Snap, n* a small round cake of ginger- 
bread made very crisp. 

Snape, n. a check. 

Snape, v.t. to snub, to check forward- 
ness. 

Snarl, v.t. to entangle. 

Snatch-apple, n. a game similar to 
"Bob-cherry," but played with an 
apple. 

Snaze, v.t. to clip or cut a hedge, 

Sneck, n. (1) that part of the iron 
fastening of a door which raises the 
latch. (2) A piece or tongue of land 
jutting into an adjoining field, or 
intersecting it. 

Sneck, v.t. to latch. 

Snerp, ) v.t. and v.i. to dry up with 

Snirp, ) heat, to shrivel up. 

Snerple, v.t, to shrivel up by the effects 
of heat. 

Snert, ) v.i. to try to suppress a laugh, 

Snirt, ) but ineffectually. 

Snert, n. an ineffectual attempt to sup- 
press a laugh. 

Sneul, n. a snail. 

Snick- snarled, adj. entangled. 

Sniflle, v.i. to snuff up, as people do 
when the nose is full from cold. 

Snifter, v.i. (1) to whimper, to cry. (2) 
To sniffle, to snuff up the breath 
through the nose. 

Snig, n. an eel. 

Snig, v.t. to drag heavy substances, as 
timber, along the ground by means 
of a carriage-frame with large wheels. 

Snig-prod, n. an eel-spear. 

Snite, v.t. to blow the nose. A.S. 
snytan, O.N. snita, emungere, Sw. 
snyta, Dan. snyde, to blow the nose. 

Snob, ii. a journeyman shoemaker. 

Snod, adj. smooth, sleek ; an abbrevi- 
ation of the Latin sine nodo, Mr. 
Carr, Crav. Gloss. [The word really 
depends on O.N. snodinn, smooth, 
N. snoydd, made smooth or bare, 
S.G. snod, bare. Ed.] 

Snodden, v.t. to make smooth. 

Snoozlin, adj. nestling. 

77 



SN 



SP 



Snot -clout, n. a pocket-handkerchief. 
Snotter, v.i. to cry, to snivel. 
Snottergob, n. (1) mucus nasi. (2) The 

red part of a turkey's head. (3) A 

dirty mouth. (4) A contemptible 

person. 
Snout-band, n. the iron on the toes of 

clog soles. 
Snue, v.i. to turn up the nose, or sneer 

at any one. O.N. sniia, vertere, flec- 

tere, contorquere, Dan. snue, to sniff, 

snuff, snort. 
Snumin', adj. low, mean, sneaking. 
Snule, v.i. to speak through the nose. 
Snuzzle, v.i. to cuddle. 
Sock, v.t. to beat, to thrash. 
Sodher, v.t. to solder. W. sawdriaw. 
Soft, adj. moist, mild ; said of weather. 
Soggy, adj. wet, moist, swampy. 
Soil, v. t. to feed cattle with green food 

in the house. 
Solid, adj. grave, serious. 
Some-like, adj. some, a few; as, "Some- 
like seemed ready to tek what tha 

offered, but not many. O.Fris. sumi- 

like, some, a few, Sw. somlige, some. 
Sonsie, adj. pleasant, agreeable, plump, 

fat. 
Soop, Pr. of sup. 
Soople (Pr. of swipple), n. the heavy 

end of a flail, the part which strikes 

the corn. 
Soot, n. the rot in sheep. [away. 

Sooty, adv. of animals that are wasting 
Sooth, n. truth. A.S. sod. 
Soppy, adj. lying in small heaps or 

masses upon the field, as mown grass, 

not properly spread, does. W. sopen, 

a bundle of hay, etc. 
Sops, n. tufts of green grass in the hay, 

not properly dried. 
Sops, n. lumps of black-lead. 
Sore, adj. grieved. 
Soss, (1) v.i. to lap as a dog. "Soss! 

Soss ! " an expression used to tempt 

dogs to take their liquid food. (2) 

v.t. to throw heavily. 
Soss, adj. direct, plump. " He com 

dawn wi' a girt soss." 
Sotter, v.i. to make a noise in boiling, 

as water does. 
Sough, n. an underground drain, a wet 

ditch. "W. soch, a sink, drain. 
Sough, ) n. a hollow murmur in the 
Suff, ) air. 
Souk, Pr. of suck. The word used to 

call a calf to its feeding bucket. 
Souky, n. a pet name for a calf. 
78 



Souple, Pr. of supple. 

Souplejack, n. a cane. 

Soupy (Pr. of soppy), adj. wet and 
swampy. 

Sour, adj. coarse and innutritious ; said 

• of grass grown on cold, wet land. 

Sour-dock, n. wild sorrel. 

Sour dough or doff, n. leaven. 

Sourin'. See Saurin. 

Sow, n. a blow, a knock. 

Sowl, v.t. to take a person by the ears 
and put him in the water. 

Spaek, pret. of To speak. 

Spainin', n. weaning of lambs, etc. 

Spaits, n. torrents of rain at intervals. 

Spalch, v.i. to split. A carpenter, in 
working a board with a plane, if a 
bit splits away or breaks off, will say 
that it spalches off. Gael, spealt, 
cleave, split, Du. spalkaen, to splint, 
S.G. spjala, to cleave, Sw. spjalka, to 
split, Dan. spalte, to split. 

Spane, ) v.i. to germinate, as corn when 

Spean, ) it begins to detach itself 
from the parent grain. 

Spang, (1) v.i. to walk fast. " Come 
let us spang: away." (2) v.t. To throw 
with violence. 

Spang, n. a spring, a jump. 

Spanged, adj. variegated. 

Spang- whew, adv. with violence. "He 
come spang-whew." 

Spang- whew, v.t. to kill a toad, by 
placing it on one end of a lever, and 
then driving it rapidly into the air 
by a sharp stroke on the other end. 
W. ysponc, a jerk, a spirt. 

Span-new, adj. quite new. O.N. spdn- 
nyr ; spdnn, a chip or shaving. 

Spar, n. the coat or covering of ore or 
metal. 

Spar, Pr. of spare. O.N. spar, parcus. 

Spar, v.t. to spare, save, do without. 

Sparling, n. a small sea-fish. 

Sparklin'-heeat, n. said of iron when 
it emits bright white sparks. 

Sparabills, n. small nails without heads, 
used by country shoemakers to put 
in the soles of shoes. 

Spats, n, short walking gaiters. 

Spattle, n. a small iron or wood instru- 
ment to clean spades or the share of 
a plough with. 

Splaw, adj. splay. 

Speal, n. a chip, or small slit stick, a 
small splinter of wood. S.G. spjale, 
lamina lignea, spjall, segmentum. 
lamina. 



SP 



ST 



Spean, v.t. to wean. 

Speaned, adj. gelded, barren. 

Speel-beyan,w.the small bone of the leg. 

Speed, n. luck, fortune. 

Spelks, n. slender-pointed sticks, bent 
and with both ends thrust into the 
thatch to keep it down. A.S. spelc, 
a little rod by which anything is kept 
straight, Gael, spealg, a splinter, a 
fragment, M. spelt, a wattle or hurdle. 

Speer, v.t. to ask for, to inquire. Sw. 
sporja. 

Spelder, v.t, to spell. 

Spell, n. a species of trap used at 
"Spell and Knor." 

Spell-and-Knor, n. a boy's game, some- 
thing similar to trap-ball. It is played 
with a pumhead, a knor, and a spell. 
By striking the end of the spell with 
the pumhead, the knor rises into 
the air, and the art of the game is to 
strike it with the pumhead before it 
falls to the ground. Those who make 
the greatest score, in point of dis- 
tance, in the fewest innings, win the 
game. The game is elsewhere called 
Nurr-spell. Sw. spel, game, play. 
Du. spel, play, sport, or gaming. 



Spent, 



exhausted. 



Spern, n. a projecting point of steel 
upon a horse's shoe. 

Spetch, n. a patch. 

Spice, n. sweetmeats of any kind. 

Spick-and-span-new, adj. quite new. 

Spiddock, n. a spigot. 

Spider-shanks, n. a person with thin 
legs and no calves. 

Spile, n. (1) a pile for foundations. (2) 
A splinter. 

Spile, v.t. (1) to drive piles. (2) To 
make a foundation in soft earth by 
driving in a pile or piles. 

Spill, n. a pipe-lighter. 

Spine, n. a thorn. 

Spink, n. a chaffinch. W. yspincyn, a 
chaffinch. 

Spinked, adj. spotted. 

Spinnel, Pr. of spindle. 

Spinnle, v.i. to grow up quickly and 
weakly, as plants do in wet, warm 
weather, or when growing too thickly 
together. 

Spire, n. a young tree left for standing 
in coppice woods. 

Spire, v.i. to shoot up luxuriantly. 

Spit. To spit in confirmation of a bar- 
gain, as is frequently done by butchers 
and farmers in selling cattle. 



Spit, n. the depth a spade goes in dig- 
ging ; about a foot. 
Spit-deep, adj. to the depth reached by 

a spade in the action of digging. 
Spittle, n. a flat board or spatula, with 

a sharp edge or handle to turn out 

cakes with. See Spattle. 
Splaader, v.t. to spread or sprawl out 

the hands and feet. 
Splash, v.t. to cut and trim hedges. 
Splint, n. a splinter of wood such as often 

runs into the fingers of carpenters 

when planing wood. 
Splirt, v.t. to spurt out. 
Spoke-shayav, n. a narrow plane used 

for smoothing the inside of the spokes 

of a wheel. 
Sponsible, adj. respectable, well to do. 
Spool, n. a small wheel for winding 

yarn upon. 
Spoon-meeat, n. broth, liquid, food, 

soup, etc. 
Spoor, v.t. to track a hare by her foot- 
steps. A.S. spurian, to trace. 
Spor (Pr. of spur), n. (1) a prop. (2) 

A thick branch of a tree. (3) A small 

ditto. 
Spor, v.t. to prop up. 
Spout, n. See Whirly-spout. 
Sprags, n. nails, sprigs. 
Spreckled, adj. speckled. 
Sprent, n. a spot or stain. 
Sprig, n. (1) a thin, long nail. (2) A 

small, slender person. 
Sprig-bit, an awl of the size requisite 

to make holes to receive the nails 

called sprigs. 
Spring, v.i. to give tokens of calving. 
Spring, n. a young wood. 
Sprint, n. a gin or snare for catching 

birds. 
Sprod, n. a young salmon at its state 

of growth between being a smelt and 

a mort. 
Sprout potatoes, To. To break the 

young sprouts off. 
Spying-glass, n. a telescope. 
Squab, n. a long seat, a rude sofa. 
Squandered, adj. dispersed. 
Squary, adj. short and fat, large. 
Squinsy, Corr. of quinsey. 
Squirt about, To. To run rapidly 

about, to frisk about. 
Stabs, n. the steps of a ladder. 
Staddlin', n. sticks, thorns, straw, and 

other matters placed as a foundation 

for a stack. 
Staddle, n. a ground-work for a stack 
79 



ST 



ST 



of corn, generally consisting of a 

layer of stones covered over with 

straw to keep out the ground damp. 

Staff in a place, To put van's. To 

take up his residence. 
Staff-and-band-hedge> ) n. a hedge 
Staff-hedge, ] made with 

stakes raddled with thorns, or hazel, 

generally both. 
Stag, n. (1) a young horse. (2) A 

romping girl. 
Staggering-bob, n. a cant name for a 

very young calf. 
Staggers, n. the giddiness in sheep 

occasioned by hydatids in the brain. 
Stainch, n. a root' like liquorice. 
Stainty, n. a stallion, an entire horse. 
Stayan-check, n. a name for the stone- 
chat. 
Standers, n. trees left in coppice woods- 

for timber. 
Stang, v.i. to shoot or throb with pain. 
Stang, n. (1) a wooden bar or pole. TV. 

y stang, a pole or long staff to measure 

with, A.S. stenge, a bar of wood, pole, 

stang, O.N. stang, pertica, Sw. stang, 

pole, staff, bar, Dan. stang, a pole, 

Du. stange. (2) The shaft of a cart. 

(3) A strong piece of wood on which 

the carcases of beasts are suspended. 
Stapple, Pr. of staple. 
Stark, adj. stiff, stiff with cold. M. 

stark, stiff, inflexible, A.S. stare, hard, 

severe, S.G. stark, rigidus, immobilis. 
Stark, adv. very, exceedingly; as, stark 

mad ; stark staring mad = Yery angry, 

excessively enraged. 
Starken, v.t. to tighten. "Starken t' 

reyap a lile bit " = Tighten the rope a 

little. 
Starkish, adj. stiffish, and rather un- 

tractable. 
Star-slubber, n. a gelatinous substance 

often seen in fields after rain. 
Starved, adj. excessively cold. 
Statute -hirings, n. assemblages of farm 

servants at Whitsuntide to be hired. 
Staup, v.i. to move heavily, to take 

long steps. 
Staupins', n. the holes made by the 

feet of horses, etc., in miry highways. 
fo au er, i v ^ ^ s t umD i e or stagger. 

Staw-fed (Pr. of stall-fed), adj. fed to 

satiety. 
Stays, n. the breechings of a horse. 
Steak, ) v.t. to shut a door or gate. 
Steck, J "Steck t' duer." 
80 



Stead, n. a farm-house and offices. A.S. 

stede, a place, station. Common in 

such words as House-stead, Heyam- 

stead, etc. 
Steal, Pr. of stool. 
Stean, Pr. of stone. 
Stecked, adj. stubborn. A stecked horse 

is one that refuses to draw. 
Stecks, To tek t\ To become restive. 
Stee, n. a ladder. A.S. stige, a path, 

Sw. stege, a ladder, Dan. stige. 
Steel, Pr. of stile. 
Steep, n. rennet. 
Steeping-rain, n. a soaking rain. 
Steer, adj. steep. 
Steg, n. a gander. 
Stele, n. a handle. A.S. stela. 
Step, n. a walking distance. 
Step-mother, n. a loose piece of the 

band of the finger nail when rubbed 

backwards* 
Step-staiy'ns, n. stones placed at inter- 
vals across a stream. 
Stew, n. a cloud of dust or vapour. 

Isl. stofa, vapour. 
Steyad, Pr. of stood. 
Steyak, Pr. of stake. "Steyak an yed- 

der " = A fence made of stakes driven 

into the ground and wattled with 

thorns. 
Steyak, v.t. to defend a fishery in a 

river by means of stakes, so as to 

prevent nets being used. 
Steyatsman (Pr. of statesman), one 

who occupies his own estate, a small 

landowner. 
Stick, v.t. to cut a beast's throat, to stab. 
Stickin' -piece, n. that part of the neck 

of the animal where the butcher's 

knife has been inserted. 
Stick-knife, n, a large pocket-knife. 

O.N. stickhnifr, pugio. 
Stickle, v.t. to scrapie. 
Stickle, adj. sharp-pointed. 
Stickle, n. a name given to sharp- 
pointed hills, as Stickle Pike, near 

Broughton, in Furness. 
Sticks, n. furniture. 
Stidden, p.p. of To stand. 
Stiddy, ) ., 

Stithy, \ n ' an anvd ' 
Stiddy (Pr. of steady), adj. sober, at- 
tentive. 
Stiff, adj. (1) strong, broad, squat, lusty. 

(2) Proud. "He is as stiff as if he 

had swallowed a gavelock." 
Stiffen, v.i. to grow strong, to enlarge, 

to swell out. 



ST 



ST 



Stiff-hefted, adj. stingy, mean. 

Stiffinger, n. a squat broadset man. 

Stiller, n. a severe blow. 

Stiles, n. the framework of panelled 
woodwork. 

Stilts, n. the handles of a plough. 

Stammer, n, an iron rammer used in 
blasting. 

Stinge, n. the sting of a bee or wasp. 

Stinkin Roger, n. the plant Geranium 
Robertianum. 

Stint, n. (1) a limit, quantity, or allow- 
ance of anything, as of labour, vic- 
tuals, etc. (2) A limited number of 
cattle gates in common pasture. 

Stint, v.t, to allot a pasture or common 
to a certain number of gates. 

Stiper, n. a piece of wood fixed upright 
in the doorway of a barn, against 
which the double doors are shut. 

Stir on, He has plenty to. He is 
very rich. 

Stirk, n. a year-old beast, a young 
heifer. A.S. stirc. 

Stirrin', n. the ploughing and harrow- 
ing of land, fallowing, etc. 

Stitch, n. (1) a narrow ridge of land. 
(2) As much land as lies between one 
furrow and another. 

Stiver, n. a small Dutch coin. 

Sto (Corr. of stall), v.t. to tire, to satiate, 
glut, or cloy. " I 'se quite stoet " = I 
am quite tired out ; or horses which 
are stopped or set fast by the weight 
of an overload, or the heaviness of 
bad roads, or are unable or disinclined 
to draw further, as in trailing a 
heavy load up a steep hill, are said 
to be stoet, or stalled. 

Stock, n. a root. 

Stock, v.t. to root up. 

Stocken, p.p. of To steck. 

Stocks, Bed-stocks, n. the framework 
of a bed, a bedstead. S.G. stock, 
the framework or forepart of a bed- 
stead. 

Stokey, adj. close or sultry. 

Stonched, Pr. of stanched. 

Stooden,^. of To stand. See Stidden. 

Stoop, n. a post, a gate-post of stone 
or wood. O.N. stolpi, columna, Sw. 
stolpe, a post, Dan. stolpe, a post 

Stooth, v.t. to apply lath and plaster. 

Stoppen, p.p. of To stop. 

Stopple, n. the stopper of a bottle or 
pipe. 

Storbt, Corr. of disturbed. 

Store-pigs, n. pigs kept as part of the 
G 



stock of a farm, and intended for 
slaughter at the usual time when 
they will have reached their full 
growth and age. 

Storken, v.i. to congeal, to coagulate, to 
become stiff or rigid, as the fat of 
meat does when, after being cooked, 
it is allowed to cool. O.N. storhna, 
congelare, rigescere, Dan. storkne, to 
coagulate, to curdle, to congeal. 

Storm, Feeding- storm', n. daily acces- 
sions of snow. 

Storm-cock, n. a name for the missel- 
thrush. 

Stot, n. a young ox. 

Stoter, v.i. to stumble. 

Stouk, v.t. to set up sheaves in stouk, 

Stouk, v.t. a shock of corn of ten 
sheaves. "W. ystwc, a shock of corn, 
M. sthook, a pile or shock of sheaves. 
More properly stook. 

Stoup, n. a pitcher. O.N. staup, pocu- 
lum, vas, Sw. stop, a liquid measure 
containing about three pints, A.S. 
stoppa, a pot, vessel, cup. 

Stour, v.i. to rise up in clouds, as dust. 
Gael, stur, dust. 

Stour, v.i. to stir, or be moved with force. 

Stour, n. dust. 

Stower, n. a hedge-stake. 

Stown, Pr. of stolen. 

Strackle-brained, adj. wild, unsteady, 
unsettled. 

Stracklin', n. a loose, roving fellow. 

Straddle, adj. walking wide, or wad- 
dling in gait, also riding wide without 
stirrups. 

Strafen, v.i. to rove about. 

Straggelt, ) wort hi eS s fellow. 

Scragglet, j 

Strain, v.t. to copulate ; said of a dog. 
[A.S. strynan, streonan, strienan, to 
beget, breed ; strynde suna and 
dohtra, begat sons and daughters 
(quoted in Bosworth) : 

" Sir, as I have a soul she (Anne Boleyn) is an angel : 
Our king has all the Indies in his arms, 
And more and richer, when he strains that lady." 
—Henry VIII. iv. 1. Ed.] 

Strait, adj. narrow, too tight. 

Strake, v.t. to make smooth or level at 
the top (applied to a measure full of 
corn) with a straight-edged piece of 
wood called a straker. 

Straker, n. a straight-edged piece of 
wood for taking off the superfluous 
quantity in a measure of corn or 
grain. 

81 



ST 



sw 



Strand, n. the sea-shore. O.N. stro'nd, 
littus, ora, Dan. strand, sea-shore, 
sea-side. 

Strang, Pr. of strong. 

Strap, n. credit. " He gat on strap.'" 

Stray, n. the right of pasturing cattle 
on a common. 

Streah, Pr. of straw. 

Streak, v.t. to stretch oneself. 

Streamers, n. the northern lights. 

Streck, adj. straight. A.S. strwc. 

Strent, n. a straggling lock of hair. 

Strentin', adj. disordered, dishevelled. 

Stretch, v.i. to walk in a dignified 
manner. 

Stretcher, n. a stick to keep out the 
traces from the horses legs. 

Strickle, n. an instrument made of 
wood, and covered with a mixture of 
grease and sand, for sharpening 
scythes. 

Strike, v.t. flies are said to strike, and 
meat to be struck, when the latter 
is fly-blown. 

Strike, v.t. (1) to make a straight line 
by means of a chalked piece of string. 
(2) To balance (of accounts). 

Striker, n. (1) a flat piece of wood for 
stroking off the top of a measure of 
grain. See Straker. (2) A heavy 
piece of wood, with which the fleam 
is driven into the vein when a horse 
or calf is bled. 

Strinkle, v.t. to strew or scatter, to 
sprinkle. 

Strinkling, n. a sprinkling. 

Strip, v.t. to strip a cow is to milk her 
very clean, so as to leave no milk in 
the dug. 

Strippin's, n. the last milk drawn from 
a cow in milking. 

Stroo, v.t. to strain a liquid through a 
cloth, or to press it through a narrow 
passage, as through the teeth. 

Stroo, n. a strong compressed stream, 
such as issues from a dock, or canal- 
lock gates. " It cum wi' a girt stroo." 
M. stroo, the current of a stream. 

Strum, n. a strumpet. 

Strunty, adj. short. 

Strut, v.t. to brace or support (in car- 
pentry). 

Stubby, adj. short, thick. 

Stucker, n. the state when the air of a 
house is filled with steam and smoke. 

Stud, n. the upright spar to which the 
laths are nailed in a lath and plaster 
partition. 
82 



Stuffinger, n. one who overeats himself, 
a guttler. 

Stuffy, adj. fat, pursy, not in wind. 

Stullion, n. the stocks or roots of a 
coppice wood, after being cut down 
and left to shoot again. 

Stunch, n. one that is short and stout. 

Stunch, adj. short and stout. 

Stupid, adj. obstinate. 

Sturdy, n. a disease peculiar to sheep, 
causing them to stagger, [arising 
from the presence of animalculse 
(hydatids) in the brain. Gael, stuird, 
stuirdean, vertigo, a disease in sheep, 
drunkenness, It. stordire, to make 
dizzy or giddy in the head. Wedg- 
wood. Ed.] 

Sturdy, adj. sulky and obstinate. 

Stut, v.i. to stutter or stammer in 
speech. 

Suck, n. a plough-share. Fr. soc, the 
coulter or share of a plough, Gael. 
soc, a plough-share, M. soc or sock. 

Sud, Corr. of should. 

Suff, Pr. of sough. 

Sugar-loaf, n. a high-crowned hat. 

Summer, v.t. to take cattle to agist 
during the summer months. 

Summer-barmed, adj. of the sponta- 
neous fermentation of malt liquor 
from the heat of summer. 

Summer-tree, n. a large beam reach- 
ing across a building. 

Sumpy, adj. swampy. 

Sup, v.t. to drink by small quantities 
at a time. A.S. supan, to sip, to 
suck up, O.N. supa, sorbere, Sw. 
supa, to drink. 

Sup, n. (1) a small quantity of any 
liquid. (2) A draught. Sw. sup, a 
draught. 

Suppin's, n. food of a liquid nature. 

Sup up, v.t. to drink off a glass of 
liquor. 

Surfeit, n. a severe cold. 

Suss ! Suss ! A call to swine to their 
meat. 

Swad, n. the pod of peas or beans. 

Swaddy, adj. full of husks or pods. 

Swag, v.i. (1) to hang loose and heavy. 
(2) To swing about. " I like a sheep 
wi' a good sivaggin 1 belly." 

Swaimous, adj. bashful, shy. 

Swaip, v.i. to walk proudly. 

Swale, v.t. to singe or burn. 

Swallow, n. a hollow in the ground 
into which water runs and does not 
appear again. 



sw 



TA 



Swamp, adj. small in the body, lean: 

Swanking, adj. big, large. 

Swarmle, v.t. to climb a tree which 
has no branches, by grasping the 
butt with the arms, knees and legs, 
and working oneself upwards. 

Swarth, n. (1) sward, grass. (2) Any 
outward covering, as the rind of 
bacon. 

Swashy, adj. soft, watery ; as vege- 
tables sometimes are. 

Swat, n. the dung of a cow, which lies 
flat, like a cake, in pastures. 

Swat (Pr. of squat), v.i. to sit down. 

Swat, v.t. to spill a liquid. Dan. 
sqvatte, to splash, to spurt. 

Swatch, v.t. to cut off. 

Swatch, n. a piece cut off. 

Swatter, v.i. to dabble in the water, 
as ducks do. 

Swattle, v.t. to spend, to consume 
gradually. 

Sweal, v.i. to gutter as a candle when 
the flame is exposed to a draught. 

Sweared, pret. of To swear. 

Sweetener, n. a puffer at a sale. 

Sweeties, n. sweetmeats. [kind. 

Sweetmart, n. an animal of the marten 

Sweigh, v.i. (1) to lean upon, to lean 
on one side. (2) To incline. 

Sweigh, n. a swing. 

Swerd, Pr. of sword. 

Swewel, v.t. to scorch, to singe. 

Swidden, v.t. to singe. 

Swidge, v.i. to ache, to feel a throb- 
bing pain. 

Swift, n. a newt. 
will, n. a 
wisket. 

Swill, v.t. to wash hastily, to rinse. 
A.S. swilian, to wash. 

Swillin's, n. hogs'-wash. 

Swillin'-tub, n. a tub in which swillings 
or the washings of vessels are pre- 
served. 

Swilter, v.i. to waste away slowly. 

Swim, v.i. to turn giddy. O.N. svima, 
vertigine turbari, Dan. svimle, to be 
dizzy or giddy. 

Swimmy, adj. giddy in the head. 

Swine-cote, \ 

Swine-lmll, > n. a pig-sty. 

Swine-sty, ) 

Swine-saim, n. hogs' lard. 

Swine-thistle, | n. the plant sow- 



Swine-weed, 



thistle . 



Swinge, v.t. to beat, to chastise. A.S. 
swingafb, to whip, scourge, beat. 



Swinge, v.t. to singe. 

Swing'l-trees, n. bars attached to a 

plough, which prevent the drawing 

chains from pressing against the 

horses' sides. 
Swint, adj. awry. 

Swirl or ) n. a place amongst moun- 
Swirrel, ] tains where the wind or 

snow eddies ; as, " Swirrel Band," 

"Swirrel House," in Coniston fells. 

S.G. swirra, circumagitare. 
Swirt, Pr. of squirt. 
Switch, (1) v.i. to walk nimbly. (2) 

v.t. To strike quickly, as with a 

switch. 
Switch, n. whiteweed. See Siss. 
Switches, n. sweets. 
Swizzem v.t. to singe. 
Swizzle, v.t. to drink or swill. 
Syme, n. a frame of straw to set pans on. 



T', art. the. In Lonsdale as in Craven, 
and in the North generally, this 
article suffers elision, even when the 
next word begins with a consonant ; 
as, "f woman," "f kye," for "the 
woman," "the cows." 

Ta, the one. An abbr. of t' ya = the 
one. " Ta thee kittles "= The one 
thigh itches. A native of Bulk once 
puzzled a party of Londoners, and 
won a bet by the use of the above 
expression, of which they could not 
understand a word. 

Ta, Corr. of thou. 

Taas, n. wood split thin to make 
baskets with. 

Tab, n. (1) the latchet of a shoe. (2) 
The tag or end of a lace, the ex- 
treme end of anything. 

Tab-end, n. the extreme end. 

Tach, v.t. to fasten, to attach. 

Taching-end, n. waxed thread, with a 
bristle, used by shoemakers. 

Tack, n. (1) a lease. (2) A peculiar 
flavour. 

Taen, Contr. of taken. 

Tag, n. the end of a fox's tail. 

Taganandra, v.t. This verb denotes 
a mode of securing or confining 
an animal to a place of confine- 
ment, as by a stake or tether, etc. 

I,U |s:nd h t a hita| ta ^ aildra = 

j, ii ( put thee in 



| send thee to | ^ place of con- 
83 



TA 



TE 



finement or security. Cf. Sw. taka- 

hander, a depository, att setta i taka- 

hander, to consign, to deposit a thing 

with one. 
Taggelt, n. an idle, dirty, discreditable 

person. 
Tail-band, n. a crupper. 
Tail-ends, n. inferior samples of corn, 

such as being hardly marketable, are 

usually consumed at home. 
Taillier, n. a tailor. G. tdillear, M. 

thalhear, Fr. tailleur, a tailor. 
Taillier's mense, n. a small portion left 

by way of good manners. 
Taiyad, Pr. of toad. 
Taiyad-pipes, a name for a species of 

equisetum. 
Taiyad-spit, n. the froth formed by the 

Cuckoo-spit insect. 
Taiyas, Pr. of toes. 
Tak, Pr. of take. 

Tak', (1) v.t. to understand, compre- 
hend. (2) v.i. To strike root, grow, 

thrive ; of young trees. 
Tak' sham, To. To be ashamed. 
Tak' up, To. (1) v.t. to borrow (money) 

(2) v.i. To clear up, become fine after 

wet or storm. 
Tak' up for any one, To. To espouse 

his cause, take sides with him, sup- 
port and defend him. 
Takkin', n. a state of ill temper, a tiff. 

" He woz i' sic a takkin about it." 
Takkin', adj. infectious. 
Tale-piet, n. a tell-tale. 
Tall-boys, n. high drinking-glasses. 
Tally, n. a company or division of 

voters at an election. 
Tammy, n. a hair sieve. Fr. tamis, 

a tammy, or strainer, made of hair. 
Ta'n, -p.p. taken. 
Tang, v.t. to sting. 
Tang, n. the sting of a bee. (2) A pike, 

the prong of a fork. [facus. 

Tang'l, n. sea-weed. O.N. y>aungull y 
Tanglin', adj. slovenly. 
Tangs, Pr. of tongs. 
Tank, n. a piece of deep water, natural 

or artificial. 
Tantle, v.i. to attend officiously, to 

dawdle. " She tantles after him ; " 

often said of the attentions of an 

anxious mother. 
Tantrel, n. an idle, spoilt girl. 
Tap-lash, n. the smallest of small-beer. 
Tarn, n. a small sheet of water. O.N. 

tjorn, lacus, stagnum, Sw. tjdm, a 

pool, standing water. 
84 



Tarradiddles, n. small untruths, fibs. 
Tashed, adj. tired. 
Tashled, adj. bespattered with wet. 
Task-work, n. work taken by the 

piece. 
Tat : A child's term for dad, father. 
Tatter-rags, n. a badly-dressed person. 
Tatterwallops, n. (1) ragged clothes 

fluttering in the wind. (2) A woman 

with ragged clothes. Comp. Tatter- 
rags. 
Tauze, v.t. to pull about, to ruffle up. 
Tave, ^ v.i. to fumble in a meaning- 
Tea ve, J less manner, to fidget about, 

to fidget with the feet. 
Taving, pcpl. picking the bed-clothes 

in febrile delirium. 
Ta, Contr. of take. " Ta tha time " = 

Take your time. 
Taya : the one. " Frae taya bank tull 

t'udder." 
Tazzle, n. a wicked, drunken person. 
Tazzy, n. a mischievous child. 
Te, Corr. of (1) to. (2) Thee. 
Teagle (Corr. of tackle), n. a crane for 

lifting goods. 
Teanel, n. an osier fish-basket. A.S. 

tcenel, a little basket, pannier. 

Tease, v.t. to pull about wool so as to 
make it of even consistency. A.S. 
tcesan, to tease. 

Teaster, Pr. of tester. 

Teastrel, n. a crabbed, peevish fellow. 

Teathy, adj. peevish, cross. 

Tedder (Pr. of tether ), v.t. to bind 
anything. 

Tedder, n. the long part of a fence ; 
wood put upon the toxD of a fence to 
bind it together. 

Tedder by th' tooth, To. To attract 
a person by keeping a good table. 

Teddious, adj. fretful, difficult to please. 
"This barn's fearf'l teddious" 

Teddisome, adj. tedious, fretful. " T' 
barn's fearfle teddisome " = The child 
is very difficult to please. 

Tee, Pr. of tie. 

Tee, n. a hair rope with which to 
shackle cows in milking. 

Teem, v.t. (1) to pour out. (2) To un- 
load a cart. [The actual meaning 
belonging to this word is to make 
empty. O.N. tcema, to draw fully 
out, exhaust, Sw. toma, Dan. tomme, 
O.E. tamyn or tempi, to make empty. 
Comp. Sc. toom, empty. Ed.] 



TE 



TH 



Teen, n. fire. W. tan, Gael, tein, Irish 

tein. 
Teen, v.t. to kindle. Dan. tcende, to 

kindle, S.G. tcenda, accendere. 
Teeming, adj. overflowing. See Teem. 
Teet, Pr. of tight. "Teet i t' heft"= 

Tight in the haft ; said of any one 

who is careful. 
Teety, adj. cross, fretful, peevish ; 

spoken of children. See Teathy. 
Tek, n. a taking. " Sic a tek o' fish." 
Tekken (Corr. of taken), adj. captivated. 
Tell, v.i, to talk. 
Telled, ) f ^ , „ 

Telt, ' J W- of To tell. 

Temper, v.t. to mix together in due 

proportion, to mingle — as spirits and 

water. 
Temple-mould, n. a pattern or mould 

used by masons in fashioning their 

work. 
Templet, n. a model. 
Temse, n. a sieve used in brewing. 
Temse, v.t. to sift. 
Tent, n. attention, observation. "Tak 

tent " = Give attention. 
Tent, v.t. to take care of, to tend, to 

attend. 
Tenter, n. a stretcher or trier of cloth, 

used by dyers and clothiers. 
Tenters, n. watchers of cattle or sheep 

on the moors. 
Teptious, adj. snappish, captious. 
Terble, Corr. of terrible. 
Terrible, adv. used as an intensitive, 

implying very, excessively. 
Tetchy (Corr. of touchy), adj. quarrel- 
some, peevish. 
Teuth, Pr. of tooth. 
Tew, (1) v.t. to pull or tear about, to 

tumble over, to discompose, to tease. 

(2) v.i. to work hard, to fatigue, to 

exhaust, to knock oneself up by long 

and repeated exertion. 
Tewin, adj. toiling, laborious. 
Tewit, n. a name for the lapwing or 

green plover {Tringa vanellus). 
Tewsome, adj. unquiet, restless. 
Text, v.i. to write an engrossing hand 

or German text. 
Th is frequently changed into dd, or 

ddh, as f adder or faddher, father ; 

mudder or muddher, mother ; whedder 

or wheddher, whether. 
Tha, Pr. of thou, thee. 

K;H- tothat< *- 

Thack, n. thatch. 



Thacker, n. a thatcher. 

Thack-prod, n. a peg for securing thatch. 

Thae, pron. those. 

Thatens \ «^. and ^. of that sort; 
That lids, J m that manner. 
Thee, Pr. of thigh. 

There-away : adv. thereabout, in that 
part: 

" Bat ! bat ! bear away, 
Here-away, there-away, 
Inta my hat,"— 

said by boys when a bat is flying 

about. 
Thersels, pron. themselves. 
Thew, pret. of To thaw. 
Thlble, ) n. a stick to stir porridge 
Thibel, J with. 
Thick, adj. stupid, thick-headed. 
Thick-heod, n. a blockhead. 
Thick-poddish, n. water porridge. 
Thick-winded, adj. bad at breathing, 

husky. 
Thief in a mill, As fast as a. Very 

secure. 
Think on, v.i. to remember, " I'se be 

sewer ta think on." 
Thirl, v.t. to bore, to pierce. A.S. 

pirlian. 
Thisen, pron. this. 
This-gates, adv. this way. 
Thivel, n. See Thibel. " He's a queer 

stick to maiyak a thivel on." 

Thorp' ( P ron ' these, those. O.N. \cer. 
Thorough, prep, through. 
Thoum-reap (Pr. of thumb-rope), n. a 

rope of straw made on the thumb. 
Thoum-sneck, n. the fastening of a 

door which is lifted by pressing the 

thumb on the broad end of the short 

lever which moves it. 
Thou's like. See Like. 
Thought, n. sorrow, sadness, grief. 
Thraa (Pr. of throw), v.t. to turn with 

a lathe. A.S. prawan, to turn. 
Thraa, n. a lathe. 

Thraly, ) adj. slow or reluctant in 
Threaly, ] setting to work. A.S. 

prcel, one in thraldom, O.N. prcell, 

servus. 
Thrang, v.t. to press, thrust, to squeeze, 

to incommode. " Don't thrang ma." 
Thrang, adj. busy, bustling, closely 

packed. "As thrang as three in a 

bed." AS. prang, pressed, O.N. 

praungr, angustus, arctus. See 

Throng. 

85 



TH 



TI 



Thrang, n. a throng. O.N. praungr, 

multitudo hominum. 
Thrast, pret.oi To threst, j^.throssen. 
Thrave, n. twenty-four sheaves of 
wheat or other corn. A.S. preaf, 
a handful, a thrave, Dan. trave, a 
score of sheaves of corn. 
Thraw, v.i. to twist, to writhe. 
Threap, v.i. to assert positively, to 
argue with pertinacity, to reiterate, 
to contend. A.S. preapian, threap, 
reprove, O.N. threfa, sublitigare. 
Threap down, v.t. to overpower by 

assertion or repetition. 
Threapin', n. a pertinacious reiteration. 
Threaten, v.t. to threaten. A.S. preatian. 
Three-man, n. a cluster of three nuts. 
Three-square, adj. triangular. 
Threst (Corr. of thrust) v.t. to thrust. 
Thribble, Corr. of treble. 
Thrimmle, v.t. to pull out reluctantly. 

" He ihrimmled out sixpence." 
Thrinter, n. a three-winter sheep ; i.e. 

three winters old. 
Throddy, adj. plump, thriving, sleek. 
Throng, adj. busy. 
Thropple, n. the windpipe. 
Thropple, v.t. to throttle or strangle. 
Throp wife, To be throng as. To be 

very busy. 
Throssen, p.p. of To threst, thrust, 

pressed. 
Throstle, n. a thrush. A.S. prosle, 

W. tresglen. 
Through with any one, To be. To 

complete a bargain with him, 
Through-steyan, n. a bond stone, or 

through stone, passing through a wall. 
Thrum, n. a small thread. 
Thrushes, n. a disease in horses. 
Thrush-lice, n. millipedes. 
Thrusty. A form of thirsty. 
Thrutch, n. (1) a thrust. (2) A throng. 
Thump, v.t. to be silent in company 

whilst the thoughts are fully occu- 
pied. " He thumps it wi' thinkin'." 
Thunner, Pr. of thunder. 
Thunner-stan, n. a quartzose pebble, 

ignorantly supposed to have been 

emitted by thunder. 
Thwaite, n. stubbed ground, as Tibber- 

thwaite, Suherthwaite, Se&thwaite, 

~Esthwaite, Finsthwaite, Salterthwaite, 

etc. ; a common postfix. 
Thwaite, n. the shelving part of the 

side of a mountain. 
Tib-cat, n. a female cat. 



86 



Ticin', adj. enticing. "I can't keep 
frae gooin to hear him he's sic a ticin* 
way with him." 
Ticin', n. allurement. 

Tick, n. a game. 

Tickle, adj. unsteady, uncertain, in- 
constant. 

Tickler, n. a shrewd, cunning person. 

Tick-tack, n. a moment of time; derived 
doubtless from the ticking of a clock 
or watch. 

Tick-tack-toe, n. a kind of miniature 
game of draughts played by children 
on slates. 

Tide, n. time, season. 

Tide-raiyak, n. the line of sea-weed, 
chips, sticks, and other matters left 
by the sea at high-water-mark. 

Tidy, v.t. to dress and make oneself 
neat. " Gaa an' tidy thisell up." 

Tidy, n. a small rug to take hold of 
the handle of a kettle by. 

Tie, n. a short, thick hair rope, with a 
wooden nut at one end, and an eye 
formed in the other, used for hop- 
pling the hind legs of a cow while 
milking. 

Tied, p.p. compelled. 

Tiffy, adj. fretful, lonely. 

Tine, v.i. to entangle. 

Tift, v.i. to breathe quickly, as a person 
does who is out of breath. 

Tift, n. (1) a draught of liquor. (2) A 
short fit of doing anything. (3) Con- 
dition, as to health of body. 

Tifty, adj. ill-natured, petulant. 

Tig, v.t. to touch lightly. 

Tig, n. (1) a very gentle touch. Bret. tig. 
(2) A play amongst children, in which 
every one endeavours to get the last 
touch. 

Tightish, adj. (1) rather firm, not easily 
prevailed upon. (2) In good health. 

Tight i' t' heft : of a careful or greedy 
person. 

Tightly, adv. smartly, quickly, neatly ; 
of anything well done. 

Tike, n. (1) a term of reproach ; as, 
" A lazy tike." (2) A blunt or vulgar 
fellow, discreditable person, a wild 
runagate. Often used sportively. (3) A 
term applied to an odd little fellow. 
(4) A very old horse or mare. O.N. tik, \ 
canis femina, canicula, Sw. tik, a bitch, k 

Till, n. manure, compost. 

Tilth, n. a cultivated, manured field. 
A.S. tilth, culture. 

Timber, n. strength. 



TI 



TO 



Timersome, adj. timorous. 
Timmered, Weel. Strongly built. 
Timmer-teyad, adj. timber-toed, or 

having a wooden leg. 
Tine, v.t. to shut, to enclose, to fasten. 

O.N. Una. 
Tink, v.i. to tinkle, as bells. 
Tinkler, n. a tinker : — 

" If ifs and ans 
Were pots an' pans, 
Theyar'd be naya trade for tinklers," 

said by way of rebuke to persons 
given to building too much on hypo- 
thetical bases. 

Tinny, Corr. of tiny. 

Tiny- winy, adj. very small. 

Tip, v.t. to overturn. To tip a cart, is 
to empty it by lifting up the forepart. 

Tip, v.t. to adjust the top of a stack. 
O.N. typpa, to raise to a point. 

Tipe, (1) v J. to toss with the hand. (2) 
v.i. To fall down, swoon. 

Tipple, v.t. to tumble, to turn over. 

Tippy, adj. smart, fine. 

Tippy-bob, adj. showy in dress, smart, 
dandified : — 

" He's tippy-bob 
With, a watch in each fob." 

Tippy-top, adj. the same as tip-top. 
Tips, n. irons for the front of clogs. 
Tip-stick, n. the piece of wood that 

prevents a cart from tipping up. 
Tiring, n. the plastering under slates. 
Tirl, v.t. to turn over, as the leaves of 

a book, 
Tirler, n. a piece of wood put over the 

opening of a beehive. 
Tisshaw, v.i. a cant expression for to 

sneeze. W. tisiaw. 
Tit, adv. soon, readily, willingly. See 

As tit. 
Titter, adj. sooner, earlier. "Titter up 

co"= The earliest up call the rest. 
Tittup, n. a moment, an instant. 
Titty, adj. tiny. 
Titty, n. sister. 
Tlick, (1) v.i. to snap the fingers. (2) 

v.t. To snatch. See Click. 
To, prep, for; as, "Good to nowt" = 

Good for nothing ; " Poddish to 

breakfast "= Porridge for breakfast. 
To year. " We've a rare crop to year" 

i.e. this year. Compare To-day. 
To : compared with. " He's nowt to 

him "=Not to be compared to him. 
Toad. See Teyad. 
Tod, v.t. to tooth sickles. 
Toddy, adj. very small, tiny. 



Toft, n. a field where a house or build- 
ing once stood. A.S. toft, a croft, 
a homefield. O.N. toft, area edificii 
cum parietibus, Dan. toft, an enclosed 
field near to a farm-house. 

Toit, v.i. to fall or tumble over, to 
upset. 

Tolpin, n. a pin belonging to a cart. 
See Towpin. 

Tombeadle, n. a cockchafer. 

Tome, n. a hair line for fishing. 

Tomorn, adv. to-morrow. A. S. tomorgen. 

Tomspayad, n. a large spade with a 
large handle like the letter X, used 
to take off the sward and soil in 
draining. 

Tom-taylier, n. a name for the crane- 
fly or daddy-long-legs. 

Tom-tee, n. a name for the tom-tit. 

Tone : the one. 

Ton part, of the one part. 

Tontother : one another. 

Tooan, p.p. of To take. 

Tout | v '*> to pry in( l uisitivel y- 

Toothsome, adj. palatable. 

Toozle, v.i. to pull about roughly. 

Top, v. t. to snuff a candle. 

Top- full, adj. quite full. 

Topper, n. one who excels, anything 
very good or of superior quality. 

Toppin', n. a flaw, or sod taken from 
the surface of a common, or from the 
peatmoss, and when dried in the sun 
used for fire-kindling. 

Toppin', n. the hair on a person's fore- 
head, the crest of a bird, the portion 
of the mane of a horse that comes 
down on his forehead. W. topyn, a 
crest, M. tappag, a tuft of feathers 
or hair on the head. [hen." 

Toppin' d, adj. crested \ as, " a toppin! d 

Tops-man, n. the foreman or bailiff of 
a horse- or cattle-dealer. 

Top-string, n. the strap which connects 
the harness with the horse's collar. 

Torf, Pr. of turf. O.N. torf cespes, 
Sw. torf, turf, peat, Dan. torv. "At 
greyav torf "=To pare turf. 

Torfle, v.i. to deline in health, to die. 

Torf -moss, n. a peat bog. Dan. torv- 



Torf-mull, n. peat dust. Dan. torvsmul. 

Tortus, n. a turf- or peat-house. 

Tot, a term of endearment to a child. 

" Thou's a bonny lile tot." 
Tote, n. the whole. "T' heyal tote on 

'em." 

87 



TO 



TH 



Tottle (Pr. of toddle), v.i. to walk un- 
steadily. 
Totty, adj. half drunk, tipsy. 
Toups, n. belongings. 

Touze, v.t. to tug or pull about. 

Town, n. a village. 

Tow-pin, n. a pin belonging to a cart, 
put through the shafts and with- 
drawn for unloading. In former times 
the ends of the shafts of carts passed 
through two iron rings, which were 
fastened to the hames, and the tow- 
pins were passed through the shafts 
to prevent the shafts being drawn 
through the rings. The cart there- 
fore was drawn or towed by the tow- 
pins, hence the name. [See Tolpin, 
which is the true form of the word. 
Towpin being merely a mode of Pr. 
The element tol is probably nearly 
cognate with the Thible, or Thivel, 
of this Gloss., thabble, thavvle of 
Clevel. and other districts. Pr. Pm. 
gives "Tholle, carte pynne, or tolpyn. 
Cavilla ;" and on the coast of the 
Eastern Counties, thole, thole-pin sig- 
nify the pegs stuck in holes in the 
gunwale of a boat for the oars to 
work against. Comp. O.N. Ipollr, 
Dan. tol, Sw. tulle, Prov. Sw. tdlle, 
tolld-pinne, a peg, thole, thole-pin or 
peg. Ed.] 

Towt, Pr. of taught. 

Traans. See Trones. 

Track, v.t. to trace. "Ta track a yarr 
i' t' snaa " = To trace a hare in the 
snow. 

Traffick, n. (1) lumber, rubbish. (2) 
Eabble, low, rascally people. 

Trail, (1) v.i. to loiter. (2) v.t. To drag 
along. Fr. trailler, to draw, from 
traho. (3) To hunt by the track or 
scent. 

Trail-hunt, v.i. to hunt with dogs on 
the scent of carrion, etc. dragged by 
the hand. 

Trailtripes, n. a dirty slattern, a dila- 
tory person. 

Tramp, n. (1) a beggar. (2) A journey. 

Tramp, {I) v.t. to trample. (2) v.i. To 
travel on foot. 

Tramper, n. an itinerating beggar. 

Trapes, n. a slattern. 

Trapes, v.i. to wander about, generally 
in the wet, to ramble in a purpose- 
less way. 

Trapesing, adj. slow, listless, lazily 
flaunting. 
88 



Traps, n. (1) small tools, implements. 
(2) Goods, furniture. 

Trapsticks, n. small legs of equal di- 
mensions throughout. 

Trash, n. something wet and dirty ; as, 
"As wet as trash." 

Trash, v.i. to tramp about with fatigue, 
to be harassed. 

Trash, n. a wet walk. 

Trashy, adj. wet and dirty. 

Trave, v.i. to stride along in long grass 
which impedes the feet. 

Treacle-butter-cake ; a term for oat- 
cake spread over with treacle. 

Treddlin's, 



Triddlin's, 



n. the dung of sheep. 



Trekker, Corr. of trigger. 

Trennel, n. a stout wooden pin. 

Treyad, pret. of To tread, Pr. of tread. 

Trier, n. a corn-screen. 

Trig, v.t. to fill, to stuff; particularly 
the stomach. [chastise. 

Trim, v.t. (1) to scold. (2) To beat, 

Trimmer, n. (1) a clever, smart fellow. 
(2) Anything particularly good. 

Trimming, adj. large, huge. 

Trinkle. A nasalized form of trickle. 

Trip, n. (1) race, family. (2) A brood, 
hatching. 

Trippet. "Beet tull a trippet"= Ex- 
actly right. Another form of trivet. 

Trist, n. a cattle market. 

Trod, n. a footpath. 

?rombobs;|»- thefatestines ' tri P e - 

Trollopish, adj. filthy, dirty, beggarly. 

Trones, n. a steelyard. "A pair of 
trones^ [Med. Lat. trona, statera 
publica, Isl. trana, a crane, rostrum 
longiusculum. Jamieson. Ed.] 

Tropple. A mode of Pr. of Thropple. 

Trot, v.t. to aggravate, to provoke. 

Trouan, Corr. of truant. 

Trounce, n. a tedious journey. 

Trow, v.t. to believe, think, suppose. 

Trowan, Corr. of trowel. 

Trowl, v.t. to trundle, to roll. 

Truck, n. a drag for timber. 

Truck, v.i. to traffic by exchange. 

Truck-shop, n. a shop at which work- 
men receive goods instead of money. 

Trump, Jew's, a Jew's-harp. Fr. trompe. 

Trunk, n. a wooden conduit or sluice 
used for the mouth of drains into 
the sea, to prevent the tide running 
up the drain. 

Trunlin's, n. the dung of sheep. See 
Treddlin's. 



TR 



UN 



Trunnel, n. the wheel of a wheelbarrow. 
A.S. trendel, a circle, O.Fris. trind, 
round. 

Truntlement, n. trumpery. 

Trussel, Corr. of trestle. 

Tuck, n. a short pinafore. 

Tuk, pret. of To take. 

Tul, prep, to, until. A.S. til, O.N. til, 
Dan. til, to, towards. 

Tully, n. a bad woman. 

Tully whetsom, n. a little wretch. 

Tult, Corr. of tul it for to it. 

Turn, v.t. to card wool for the first 
time on coarse cards. 

Tumlin'- shaft, n. a spindle-rod in an 
oat-meal mill. 

Tumma, Pr. of tul me, to me. 

Tummelt, Pr. of tumbled. 

Tummle, Pr. of tumble. 

Tun-dish, ) n. a wooden funnel 

Tunnin'-dish, ) used in brewing. 

Tunnel, n. (1) a funnel. (2) An arched 
drain. 

Tup, n. a ram. Sw. tupp, a cock. 

Turbary, ) n. boggy ground, a peat- 

Torbary, ] moss. 

Tush, Corr. of tusk. 

Tuttle, v.i. to whisper. 

Twang, n. (1) accent. " He's a south- 
country twang wi' him." (2) A sud- 
den pang. (3) A quick pull. 

Twangles, n. a weak sickly child or 
person. 

Twanker, n. a large bulky person. 

Twea, Pr. of two. O.N. tveir, duo, 
A.S. twa. 

Twill, Pr. of quilL 

Twill, v.t. to weave in a particular 
manner. 

Twilt, Pr. of quilt. 

Twine, v.i. to whine or cry, to murmur 
or be fretful. 

Twine, v.i. to languish or pine away. 

Twinter, n. a two-winter sheep, i.e. 
two years old. A.S. twy winter, two 
winters or years. 

Twiny, adj. (1) fretful, uneasy. (2) 
Full of complaint, given to whine or 
pule. " She's nobbut a twiny body." 

Twish ! interj. an interj. of contempt 

Twist, n. a great eater. " He's a rare 
twist." 

Twisty, adj. fretful, fidgety. Du. 
twistigh, contentious, given to strife, 
O.N. tvistr, sollicitus, tristis, Dan. 
tvistig, at variance, disputable, Sw. 
tvist, debate,* dispute, contention. 

Twit, n. anything entangled. 



Twitch-girse, n. couch grass. 
Twitchy, adj. uncertain, acting by fits 

and starts. 
Twitters, To be in the. To be in 

a state of great agitation. 
Twitters, n. shreds, fragments. 
T witty, adj. ill-tempered, touchy. 
Two-double, adj. four-fold. 
Tyke. See Tike. 
Tyne, v.t. to fasten a door or gate. 

See Tine. 



U 



Ullet, Pr. of owlet. See Hullet. 

Um, Corr. of them. 

Umber, v.t. to shade, to overshadow. 
See Oumer. 

Unawar, Pr. of unaware. 

Unbain, adj. not civil. 

Unbeknaan, adj. unknown. 

Unbethink, v.i. to recollect. 

Unbund, adj. unbound. 

Uncanny, adj. unkind. 

Undipped, adj. unshorn. 

Uncome, p.p. not come. 

Uncoths, n. news. A.S. unciith, strange, 
unknown. 

Undacent, adj. indecent, unbecoming. 

Under, To be at a girt. To be in a 
state of thraldom, subdued. 

Under, At an. An elliptical expres- 
sion, implying that a person or thing 
is undervalued. 

Underbree, n. a bright light appearing 
under clouds. 

Underbrig, n. an arch under a road. 

Undercut, adj. undermined. 

Underdraain', n. a ceiling. 

Undergang, v.i. to undergo. A.S. 
undergangan. 

Undergraaens, n. trees growing under 
others. 

Underlin', n. an inferior, an assistant, 
a servant. 

Undermest, adj. the lowest, undermost. 

Undermindin', n. the act of under- 
mining, trying to take away a per- 
son's character. 

Underpinning n, (1) the act of insert- 
ing a course, or courses, of stones in 
a wall at the foundation. (2) The 
course or courses so inserted. 

Underset, v.t. to insert a course of 
masonry in a building just above 
the foundation. 

89 



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Under my wind, I's gitten. Said 
when a person has run so fast as to 
bring a stitch in bis side and it is 
going off again. 

Unevven, Pr. of unven. 

Ungain, adj. (1) awkward, clumsy. (2) 
Bound-about, indirect, inconvenient. 
See Gain. 

Ungear, v.t. to unharness. 

Ungone, adj. only not gone, at the point 
of death. " He's just ungone.'''' 

Unheckled, adj. disordered in dress. 

Unhonest, adj. dishonourable. 

Unkembed, adj. uncombed ; said of 
an undressed cart of hay. 

Unkent, adj. unknown, not known. 

Unmelled on, p.p. not meddled with. 

Unmenseful, adj. indecent, unmannerly. 

Unnatterable, adj. ungenial ; said of 
weather. 

Unnatteral, Pr. of unnatural. 

Unperfect, adj. imperfect. 

Unpossible, adj. impossible. 

Unproper, adj. improper. 

Unregular, adj. irregular. 

Unrid, v.i. to rid. 

Unrip, v.t. to rip open. 

Unshaekk'n, Corr. of unshaken. 

Unsneck, v.t. to unlatch a door. 

Unsoft, adj. hard. 

Unsuer, adj. insecure, unsafe. 

Untellt, adj. untold. 

Up : as in " Then I up an' spak." 

Upbraid, v.i. to rise on the stomach. 

Up -brow, adv. up hill. 

Upho'd, ) (Pr. of up-hold), v.i. (1) to 

Up-houd, ] warrant, to vouch for. 
" I'll uphod ta," (2) To support, to 
maintain. " I'll uphod t' job for a 
year;" i.e. maintain it in good order. 

Upland, n. high land. 

Uppish, adj. proud, insolent. 

Uptak, n. the finder of a lost article 
demands of the loser some money 
for " t' uptak." 

Up-waxen, adj. grown to manhood. 

Urchin, n. the hedgehog. See Orchin. 

Urled, adj. stunted. 

Use, n. interest of money. 

Use, v.t. to haunt. 

Us't at could : used to be able. " I 
us't at could dance as weel as any- 
body when I was young." 



Vaccary, n. a cow-pasture. 
Validum, n. value, size. " Net th* 
90 



validum o' th' black o' my nail" = 

Not the size of the black of my nail. 
Vamp, v.t. to patch up. 
Vamper, v.i. to vapour, to swagger. 
Varra, Pr. of very. 
Varsal, Corr. of universal. 
Vast, n. a great quantity. 
Vast, used adverbially ; as Vast lile = 

very little. 
Vent, n. an opening in a garment. 
Ventersome, Pr. of venturesome, rash, 

adventurous. 
Viewly, ) adj. striking to the eye, 
Viewsum, ] handsome. 
Virgin-swarm, n. a swarm of bees from 

. a swarm of the same season. 
VLother, Mother, n. nonsensical talk. 

W 

Waaken, adj. watchful, not inclined to 
sleep when one should . 

Waaly, adj. oppressed with woe. 

Waammle, v.i. to walk feebly and list- 
lessly, to crawl as a worm. 

Waar (Pr. of ware), v.t. to spend or lay 
out money. 

Waater-hen, n. the dabchick. 

Waa-worth you, woe betide you, or 
woe be to you. 

Wabble, v.i. to reel, to shake, or 
tremble. 

Weck!n;H toarouse - 

Wacker, adj. wakeful, easy to be a- 

wakehed. 
Wackersom', adj. wakeful. 
Wad, n. (1) a large quantity. (2) 

Black lead. (3) Pr. of Would. 
Wad, n. a line or rank. 
Wad, v.t. to set out a line, in land- 
surveying or engineering, by putting 

in a series of stakes or stubs. 
Wad-eater, n. india-rubber, from its 

property of taking out the marks of 

a wad or black-lead pencil. 
Wadeable, adj. fordable. 
Waes-me ! interj. woe is me ! A.S. woe, 

woe, sorrow. 
Waff, n. (1) the movement of a flame 

from side to side. (2) A slight blast 

or smell. 
Waff, v.i, (1) to bark short and sharp. 

(2) To emit puffs of steam in the act 

of boiling. 

Wauflsh, } «#' ^guid,. weak. 
Waffle, v.i. to fluctuate, to waver. 



WA 



WA 



Waffler, n. a waverer. A.S. wafol. 
Waft, n. a puff, a blast ; applied to wind. 
Wag, v.t. to beckon with the hand. 

S.G. waagga, motitari, Sw. vagga, to 

rock. 
Wage, n. pay, wages, reward, hire, 
Waggon-stangs, n. the shafts of a 

waggon. 
Waifinger, n. stray cattle. 
Waik, Pr. of weak. 
Waiken, Pr. of weaken. 
Waikly, Pr. of weakly. 
Waint, Corr. of will not. 
Wait on, v.i. to wait for. 
Wake, n. (1) a night-watch over the 

dead. O.N", vaka, vigilia. (2) A 

parish festival, a fair or revel. 
Wake, v.t. to watch the night with a 

corpse. 
Wale, v.t. to strike. 
Walk. When a fighting-cock is sent 

into the country at a distance from 

other cocks it is said to be " sent to 

walk? 
Walla, adj. flat, insipid. 
Wallaish, adj. unsavoury, tasteless, in- 
sipid, without salt. 
Wallas, v. t. to munch or lap up greedily, 

as dogs do porridge. 
Walsh, adj. watery, insipid. 
Wammle, v.i. to move and twist the 

body. See Waammle. 
Wamp, n. (1) a wasp. (2) A young child. 
Wampish, adj. irritable, tetchy. 
Wan, pret. of To win. 
Wand, n. a collection of twigs used for 

correction. 
Wand, pret. of To wind. 
Wanded, adj. made of boughs or twigs. 

"A wanded chair." 
Wandy, adj. long and flexible, like a 

wand. 
Wangle, v.i. to totter, to walk feebly. 
Wang-tenth, n. an axle or molar tooth. 
Wankle, adj. (1) weak, loose. " Wankle 

hod " = Loose hold. (2) Unstable, 

unsteady, supple, pliant. A.S. wancol, 

unstable. 
Wanty, adj. deficient. "A wanty 

playas"=A hole or hollow place, or 

other deficiency, in a board or other 

substance. 
Waps, n. a wasp. AS. weeps. 
War, adv. aware. A.S. war. 
War, adj. worse. 
War', v.t. to spend, to lay out. See 

Waar. 
Warble, n. a large maggot bred under 



the skin of cattle (being the larva of 

the ox gad-fly) and forming a lump 

in the skin. A.S. wear, a knot, 
Warda', n. a work-day. " Sunday and 

war da" = On Sunday and the days 

of toil. 
Warish, v.t. to recover from sickness. 

" He'll never warish on it "= He will 

not get over it. 
Warish, adj. unsavoury. 
Wark, Pr. of work. 
Wark, v.i. to ache. A.S. wcerc, pain, 

N.Fris. warke, S.G. woerka, dolere. 
Wark, n. (1) work. (2) Ache. 
Wark-fowk (Pr. of work-folk), n. 

labourers. 
Warm, v.t. to beat. "I'll warm thy 

jacket for tha," or, "thy back." 
Warming, n. a beating. 
Warn, v.t. to deny, to forbid.. O.N. 

varna, prohibere, obstare, S.G. warna. 
Warn'd, Pr. of warrant. " I'll a warnd 

ya"= I'll warrant ye. 
Warp, (1) v.t. to cast. (2) v.i. To be- 
come crooked, to bend. 
Warr'd (p.p of To war'), spent. 
Warridge, n. the withers of a horse. 
Warse, adj. worse. 
Warsen, v.i. to become worse. O.N. 

versna. 
Warst, adj. worst. 
War-wing ! An exclamation made use 

of by hunters when hounds run after 

pheasants, partridges, etc. 
Washer, n. an iron hoop which serves 

to keep the iron pin at the end of 

the axletree from wearing the nave. 
Waspish, adj. testy, irritable. 
Wassail, n. "As waik as a wassail ;" 

a very common expression to denote 

extreme weakness. 
Wasset, n. a kind of crab-apple. 
Waste, ) n. a consumption, a de- 
Wasting, ] cline. 
Wastrel, n. a profligate, a prodigal. 
Wastrels, n. imperfect bricks, china, 

bobbins, etc. [amnis. 

Wath, n. a ford. O.N. vd$, vadum 
Watter (Pr. of water), n. a river or 

brook. 
Watter-blobs, n. bubbles of air rising 

to the surface of the water. 
Watter-brash, n. a rising of acid or 

acrid matter from the stomach to 

the mouth. 
Watter-foore (Pr. of water furrow), n. 

a gutter or open drain, often made 

with the plough. 

91 



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WH 



Watter-shaks, n. cracks in the soil, 
into which rain-water enters, causing 
them to widen, and which, when 
near a precipice, ultimately cause a 
fall of land there. 

Waul, v.i. to squeak, to cry out. See 
Yowl. 

Wax, v.i. to grow, to increase. 

Wax-kernels, n. enlarged or inflamed 
glands in the neck, often found in 
growing youths. 

Waygoing-crop, n. a certain propor- 
tion of the corn belonging to the 
tenant who is leaving a farm. 

Way- warden,™, a surveyor of highways. 

Wea, adj. sorry for. 

Weaky, adj. moist, watery. 

Wear. A form of war'. 

Wearing, n. a consumption. 

Weary, adj. (1) troublesome, vexatious. 
(2) Bad ; as, " Ye've a weary fire " = 
A very bad one. 

Webster, n. a weaver. 

Weddher, Pr. of wether. 

Weddher-breeder, n. a sudden fine day 
of extraordinary beauty, followed 
often by rain and storm. 

Weddher-dog, n. a broken rainbow : — 

"A dog at night 
Is a farmer's delight." 

See Dog. 
Weddin'er, n. a guest at a wedding. 
Week, v.i. to squeak, to whine, as a 

little pig. 
Ween, v.t. (1) to think, to suppose. (2) 

To guess. 
Weeny, adj. very small, little. 
Wees' : we shaU. " Wees] net"=We 

shall not. 
Weigh saut, To. A game in which 

two persons stand back to back, with 

their arms linked together, and alter- 
nately lift each other. 
Weigh-balk, ) n. the beam of a pair 
Weigh-beam, \ of scales. 
Weight, n. a great number or quantity. 
Weish, n. stale urine. 
Weish, Pr. of wash. 
Weish-hooal, n. a sink-hole. 
Weishy, adj. thin, watery, weak, insipid. 
Well, v.t. to weld. 
Well, v.i. to boil. O.N. vella, ebullire, 

decoquere. 
Well-head, n. (1) a fountain, a spring. 

Thence (2), the fountain or origin of 

anything. 
Welly, adv. very near. 
Welt, n. ribbed knitting. 
92 



Welt, v.t. to overset, to overturn. O.N. 
velta, volvere, volvi, Dan. vcelte, to 
upset, to overturn. 

Welter, v.i. to reel or stagger. 

Wend, v.i. to go. 

Went, p.p. of To go. 

Wer, poss. pron. our. 

"Werret ) 

Werry,' ( v,t ' to tease > to won 7- 

Wersels, pers. pron. ourselves. 

Wesh, pr. of To wash. 

Wesh-dub, n. a pool to wash sheep in. 

Wesher. See Washer. 

Wessel, v.t. to beat. 

Wessling, n. a good beating. 

Wete, ) v.t. to know. S.G. weta, scire, 

Wit, ) M.G. vitan, Du. weten, Sw. 
veta, to know. 

Wete (or wit), To let. To give inform- 
ation, cause to know. See Let wit. 

Wet-hand, n. a drunken fellow. 

Wha, Pr. of who. 

Whaas, Pr. of whose. 

Whacker-gerse, n. the plant cow-quake 
{Briza media, Linn.). 

Whaker, Pr. of quaker. 

Wha Tie' C v,i ' *° coax > ^° en tice. 
Whale, v.t. to thrash, to beat. 
Whalin', n. a beating or thrashing. 
Whang, v.t. to throw with violence. 
Whang, n. (1) a thong. (2) A leathern 

tie for a boot or shoe. AS. 

a thong, S.G. twang e, lorum. 
Whangby, n. very hard cheese made 

of skimmed milk. 
Whanging, adj. stout, lusty. 
Wharel, ) n. a stone quarry. Wharel- 
Wharl, ) flat, a stone quarry near 

Carke, now called Quarry-flat. O.Fr. 

quarriere. (The wh is pronounced 

with a whistled aspirate). 
Wharl (Pr. of whorl), n. a small wheel 

or spindle. 
Warry, Pr. of quarry. See Wharl. 
What for ? For what reason ? 
Whatsomever, rel. pron. whatever. 
Wheal, n. a blister. 
Wheam, adj. (1) soft, quiet, mild in 

character. (2) Smooth, sheltered. 
Wheamly, adv. (1) slily, deceitfully. 

(2) Smoothly. 
Whean, v.t. to coax, to flatter. "What a 

whednan way she hez ! " See Whain. 
Whelk, 



Whelker, 



n. a thump or blow. 



Whelkin', adj. very large. 



WH 



WI 



Whemmle, v.t. to turn anything up- 
side down. 

Whensomiver, adv. whenever. 

Whether, adj. which of the two. " I 
can't tell whether's whether." 



Whew, 
Whewt, 



v.t. to whistle. 



Whew, n. a sudden vanishing away. 
Whew, v.i. (1) to fly hastily. (2) To 
make great speed. (3) To throw. 

WMther ' \ vd ' to shake > to tremble - 

Whiff, n. a glimpse. 

Whiffle, v.i. (1) to flutter, to hesitate, 
to be unsteady. (2) Not to adhere 
to one's word or bargain. (3) To 
talk wildly, inconsistently. 

Whiffler, n. a waverer, a person un- 
steady of purpose, a vacillating char- 
acter. A.S. wcejlere, a whiffler, a 
blabber. 

Whiffle-whaffle, n. nonsense. 

Whi fflin g, adj. uncertain. 

Whig, n. butter-milk. 

Whig, n. a kind of sweetened bun with 
currants in it. 

While, adv. until. "Stay tha theyar 
while I cum back"= Stay thou there 
until I return. 

Whimple, v.i. to sob and cry as a 
child. 

Whims, n. a windlass. 

Whim- wham, n. a thin piece of wood 
with a notched edge, which, being 
swung round swiftly on a string, 
yields a humming or buzzing sound. 

WTiim-whams, n. trifles, children's 
toys. 

Whin, n. furze. 

Whinge, v.i. to whine. S.G. wenga, 
plorare. 

Whipstock, n. the handle of a whip. 

Whirl-beyan, n. the cap of the knee, 
patella. 

Whirly-spout, n. poor weak beer. 

Whishion, Pr. of cushion. 

Whisht, adj. (1) silent. "As whisht as 
mice." Sw. hwiska, to whisper. (2) 
Gentle. ' ' Varra whisht " = Very gentle. 

Whish ! interj. be silent ! hush ! 

Whisk, v.t. to switch. 

Whisk, Corr. of whist. 

Whisket, n. a two-handled basket, used 
both in the house and in the farm 
yard, made of long slices of willow 
or other tough wood. 

Whiskin', adj. large. 

Whisky, n. a kind of gig. 



White, v.t. to cut wood with a knife, 
to whittle, to cut into chips. A.S. 
pwitan, to cut off. 

White it = The deuce take it. 

White, interj. a call to ducks. 

White, n. a mark for an arrow or other 
shooting apparatus. Du. wit, a white 
or mark in a butt. 

White-crop, n. corn, in contradistinc- 
tion to green-crop, as turnips, pota- 
toes, beans, etc. 

WTiitensh, In.. 

Whiteheft, \ n ' flatter ^' cunnm g- 

White-goulds, n. a name for the ox- 
eyed daisy. 

White-herrin', n. a pickled herring. 

White-money, n. silver money. 

White-puddin', n. a sort of sausage, 
distinguished from black-pudding 
by its containing no blood. 

Whither, n. whirr, noise, occasioned 
by resistance of the air to the rapid 
passage through it of some bulky 
object. 

Whitherer, adj. a strong and stout 
person. [ing. 

Whitherin', adj. strong, lusty, astound- 

Whitin's, n. small chips made with a 
knife in cutting a stick. 

WTiitten, p.p. of To white. 

WTiittle, n. a butcher's slaughtering 
knife. A.S. p wit el. 

Whittle, v.t. to cut. 

Whittled, adj. drunk. 

Whittle-geyat, n. the privilege of a 
free knife and fork at another's table. 

Whittle-ta-whet, v.t. to sharpen, to 
set an edge on. 

Whizz, v.i. to hiss, to buzz. 

Whizzen, v.i, to whine. 

WTiizzer, n. a falsehood. 

Whummel (Corr. of wimble), n. an 
auger of large size. 

WTiya, adv. well ! 

Wi', Corr. of with. 

Wibble-wabble, adv. unsteadily. 

Wick, n. a quickset plant. A.S. cwic. 

Wick, adj. quick, alive, alert. A.S. cwic. 

Wicked, adj. dangerous. 

Wicked, adv. used intensitively ; as, 
" It's a wicked bad un ; " not un- 
common, said of things. 

Wicken, (1) v.t. to quicken. (2) v.i. 
To become alive. A.S. cvncian. 

Wickenin', n. yeast. 

Wicks, n. maggots in sheep. 

Wicks, n. twitch or couch-grass. A.S. 
cwice. 

93 



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WE, 



Wicksands, n. quicksands. O.N. qvik- 

sandr, syrtes. 
Wickwoods, n. (1) quickset plants. 

(2) Live wood or trees in fences. 
Widdy, ) n. (1) a willow. (2) A tough 
"Withy, ) band twisted of osier rods 

partially dried at the fire. A.S. 

wiftfte, a twisted rod, a willow, a 

band. Sw. vidja, willow, twig. 
Widdle, v.t. to deceive, to beguile. 
Widdn't, Corr. of will not. 
Wide-gobbed, adj. wide-mouthed. 
Wide-oppen, adj. Pr. of wide open. 
Widow bewitched, n. a woman who is 

separated from her husband. 
Wie, n. a female calf. 
Wiet, Pr. of quiet. 
Wietly, Pr. of quietly. 
Wife, n. a woman, whether married or 

not. A.S. wif, a woman, a female. 
Wife-muddher, n. a mother-in-law. 
Wiggle, v.i. to reel or stagger. 
Wild, adj. crazy, furious. 
Wild-fire, n. the erysipelas. 
WiU. "How far is it to Hotun ? " 

" Let's see, it'll be better an a mile 

an a hofe." 
Wince, v.i. to hesitate, to desist. 
Winch, v.t. to wind up anything with 

a windlass or crane. 
Wind, v.t. to winnow corn. 
Wind, v.t. to wind. 
Winda-peeper, n. the district surveyor 

of taxes. 
Winda-shut, n. window-shutter. 
Wind-bands, n. long clouds supposed 

to indicate stormy weather. 
Winder, v.i. to pine away, to decline. 
Windle, n. a bushel. 
Wind-raa, n. a row of turf set up to 

dry in the sun and wind. 
Wind-sauker (Corr. of wind-sucker), 

n. the kestrel. 
Wind-shaks, n. cracks in wood. 
Windy, adj. talkative, noisy. 
Winesaur, n. a sort of large plum. 
Winking, adj. dozing, sleeping. 
Winn el, n. a bushel. W. gwyntel, a 

basket, A.S. windel, a basket. 
Winnel-straw, n. (1) dry or old grass 

stems. (2) A long kind of bent grass. 

A.S. windel-streow, straw for plait 

ing. 
Winnymer, n. a very poor cheese. 
Winsome, adj. lively, gay, cheerful. 

A.S. winsum, pleasant. 
Winteridge, n. winter eatage for cattle. 
Wi' out, Pr. of without. 
94 



Wise-like, adj. possessing the appear- 
ance of wisdom or propriety. A.S. 
wislic, wise, prudent. 

Wise-man, n. a conjurer, a sage, a 
wizard, 

Wissand (Corr. of weasand), n. the 
throat, the gullet. 

Wit, n. sense, intelligence. O.N. vit, 
sana mens, intellectus, ingenium. 

Wi' 't, Pr. of with the. 

Witch, v.t. to bewitch. 

Witch, n. a wizard. " It was oalus said 
that Nathaniel Withers was a witch." 

Witch- wand, n. a twig of the mountain 
ash, once used to find minerals. 

Wite, Corr. of requite. 

Wite, v.t. to blame, to reproach. " 'Od 
wite it ! " an imprecation = God 
punish it. A.S. witan, to punish, to 
blame, O.N. vita, reprehendere, S.G. 
wita, punire, mulctare. 

Wite, n. (1) blame. " He set 't wite a 
me." (2) The money paid as com- 
pensation for a crime. A.S. wite, 
punishment, a fine, torture, N.Fris. 
wite, O.N. viti, S.G. wite. 

Withy- wand, n. a willow wand, a twig. 

Witing, n. knowledge, acquaintance 
with anything. 

Witter, n. a barb, as on a fish-hook. 

Witter-huked, adj. barbed. 

Wittering, n. a hint, knowledge, idea. 

Wive, v.t. to marry. A.S. wijian, to 
take a wife, to marry. 

Wizzen,v. i. to wither away, to shrivel up. 

Wizzened, adj. parched or shrivelled 
up. Sw. vissen, withered, faded. 

Wonst, adv. once, 

Woodbund, adj. said of a drawer, etc. 

which will not open from being 

swelled with damp, etc. 
Words, They had had a few. Had 

had a quarrel. 
Worry, v.t. to choke. 
Worseler, Pr. of wrestler. 
Worsen, v.i. to grow worse, 

Wirsle ' ( v '^" *° wres ^ e - Du. worstelen. 
Wot, v.t. to know. " I wot not when." 
Wote, v.t. to overturn a cart. 
Wottin'ly, adv. designedly. 
Wowl, v.i. to howl, to cry. 
Wraith, n. the shaft of a cart. 
Wrang, pret. of To wring. 
Wrang, v.t. to wrong, to do injustice by. 
Wranglesome, adj. cross, quarrelsome. 



WR 



YU 



Wreck, n. the line of sea-weed on the 
shore. 

Wrecklin', n. (1) the smallest and 
weakest of a brood, (2) An unhealthy, 
feeble child. [Cf. S.Jutl. vrag, vrdg- 
ling, vragsel, vragsling, with the same 
sense, Dan. vrag, that which is re- 
jected or put on one side as inferior. 
Ed.]. 

Wree against, v.t. to insinuate to a 
person's disadvantage. 

Wreeden, adj. peevish, cross. 

Wrigglety, adj. awry, crooked, all on 
one side. 

Wrigglety-wry, adj. awry, all on one 
side, crooked. 

Writings, n. title deeds, written secu- 
rities. 

Wrout, Pr. of wrought. 

Wrussle, Pr. of wrestle. 

Wund, Pr. of wound. 

Wusset, Pr. of worsted. 



Ya (pr. yah) num. adj. one. 

Yacker, Pr. of acre. 

Yaff, v.i. to bark. 

Yak, Pr. of oak. 

Yal, Pr. of ale. 

Yalla-pumps, n. very young calves ; 
so called from their hoofs being yel- 
low when calved. 

Yallas, n. yellows, the jaundice. 

Yallow-y o wring, n. the yellow-hammer. 

Yam, Pr. of home. 

Yammer, v.i. (1) to make a loud, dis- 
agreeable noise. (2) To yearn after. 

Yan, num. adj. one. 

Yance, adv. once. 

Yan's : one's. 

Yansel, pers. pron. oneself. 

Yanst, adv. once. 

Yark, n. to strike hard, to beat. 

Yarker, n. something very large. 

Yarkin', adj. (1) huge. (2) Severe. 
"A girt yarkin blaa." 



Yarn, Pr. of earn. 

Yarnut, Pr. of earthnut (Bunium 
jlexuosum, Linn.). 

Yarrish, adj. of a harsh taste. 

Yeack, Pr. of oak. 

Yeap'm, v.i. to hiccough. 

Yearbs, Pr. of herbs. 

Yearles, n. See Aries. 

Yearth, Pr. of earth. 

Yebble, Pr. of able. 

Yedders, n. wattling bands for hedges. 

Yelper, n. a young dog. 

Yemman (Pr. of yeoman), n. a person 
of moderate independent landed pro- 
perty. 

Yep ! interj. a word of command to 
horses. 

Yep-sintle, two handfuls. 

Yer, poss. pron. your. 

Yerd-band, ) n. a yardwand, a rod of 

Yerdwand, \ a yard in length. 

Yersel, pron. yourself. 

Ye's, you shall. " We waint be said 
nay, ye's stop and hev a bit a dinner 
wi' us." A common form of rural 
hospitality. 

Yet, n. a gate. 

Yet-stoop, n. a gate-post. 

Yilp, v.i. to chirp as young birds do. 

Yocken, v.i. (1) to make a noise in the 
throat as if swallowing something. 
(2) To choke. 

Yode (Corr. of jade), n. a horse, a 
riding horse. 

Yok', v.t. to yoke. " Toh t' horse inta 
t' cart." 

Yok', n. a yoke. 

Yon, adv. yonder, somewhat at a dis- 
tance. 

Youngermer, adj. younger. 

Yow, n. an ewe. 

Yower, n. an udder. 

Yowl, v.i. (1) to yelp or bark like a 
dog. (2) To yell, to bellow. 

Yule, n. Christmas. 

Yule-log, n. a large piece of firewood 
laid on the fire on Christmas-eve ; 
also called a Kersmas stock. Dan. 
Juul, Christmas, Yule, 



STEPHEN AUSTIN, PRINTER, HERTFORD. 



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